Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
Mariano Sigman ir Dan Ariely: Kaip grupės priima gerus sprendimus?
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
collective decisions
bendrus sprendimus
we make decisions in groups,
priimame sprendimus grupėje,
gerus spendimus?
when there's independent thinking.
protingai, kai visi mąsto savarankiškai.
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
sugadinti kolegų spaudimas,
that influence how people think.
kurie daro įtaką žmonių mąstymui.
a group could exchange knowledge,
žmonės gali pasikeisti žiniomis,
help or hinder collective decision-making?
trukdo grupei priimti sprendimus?
by performing experiments
atlikdami eksperimentus
to reach better decisions.
žmonės gali pasiekti geresnių sprendimų.
if they debated in small groups
diskutuodamos mažose grupėse,
and reasonable exchange of information.
pagrįstos informacijos dalinimasis.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
Buenos Airėse, Argentinoje,
participants in a TEDx event.
daugiau nei 10 000 dalyvių.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
žodis Yesterday
savo skaičiavimus.
into groups of five,
į grupes po penkis
to come up with a group answer.
sprendimą grupėje.
the answers of the groups
all the individual opinions
individualių nuomonių vidurkis
eksperimento rezultatais,
with others in small groups,
mažose grupėse,
come up with better judgments.
priima geresnius sprendimus.
for getting crowds to solve problems
grupėms atsakyti į klausimus
atsakymą.
the results of debates in small groups
mažose grupėse metodika
on social and political issues
socialinius ir politinius klausimus
at the TED conference
TED konferencijoje
to you two moral dilemmas
dvi jūsų ateityje atsirasiančias
in a very near future.
netolimoje ateityje.
for each of these dilemmas
kiekvienai dilemai
they're acceptable or not.
priimtina ar ne.
is working on an AI
su dirbtiniu intelektu,
at the end of each day,
kiekvienos dienos pabaigoje
dirbtinį intelektą.
do not restart me."
„Prašau neperkraukite manęs“
has developed self-consciousness
išsiugdė savimonę
decides to follow the protocol
nutaria laikytis protokolo
to individually judge
in each of the dilemmas
kiekvienoje dilemoje
they were on their answers.
jų nuomone, jų atsakymas yra teisingas
that takes a fertilized egg
kuri paima apvaisintą kiaušinėlį
with slight genetic variations.
su nedideliais genetiniais pokyčiais.
to select their child's height,
vaiko ūgį,
socialinę kompetenciją
to completely unacceptable,
visiškai nepriimtina,
in your confidence.
kaip įsitikinę savo atsakymu.
that when one person is convinced
yra įtikintas
that it's completely right.
elgesys visiškai teisingas.
when it comes to morality.
kai kalbame apie moralę.
we found a trend.
mes radome tendenciją.
thought that it was acceptable
manė, kad yra teisinga
and shut it down,
jausmus ir jį išjungti,
to play with our genes
mūsų genus,
that aren't related to health.
pakeitimus, kurie nesusiję su sveikata.
to gather into groups of three.
susiburti į grupes po tris.
with the gong.
su gongu.
reached a consensus
grupių pasiekė konsensusą
with completely opposite views.
turinčių visiškai skirtingą požiūrį.
that reached a consensus
padarė išvadą
extreme opinions
stiprią nuomonę,
closer to the middle
buvo per vidurį
something is right or wrong,
yra teisinga, o kas ne.
yra žemesnis.
somewhere in the middle.
kad jų atsakymas teisingas.
are folks who understand
turintys žmonės supranta,
kad jie neapsisprendę,
that the moral dilemma faces
moralinės dilemos turi
that include highly confident grays
tvirtą neutralią nuomonę
bendrą išvadą.
to understand why and how
galėtume suprasti kodėl ir kaip
their moral standings
savo moralinių įsitikinimų
is that it's just the average
tai tik vidurkis
weighs the strength of each vote
nustato kiekvieno atsakymo stiprumą
of the person expressing it.
įsitikinęs savo atsakymu.
is a member of your group.
Paul McCartney yra jūsų grupėje.
jo spėjimui
"Yesterday" is repeated,
žodis Yesterday
kad nuosekliai
in different experiments --
skirtinguose eksperimentuose
and statistically sound procedure
statistiškai patikimą metodą,
of the Eiffel Tower,
300 metrų, 400 metrų
of 300 million meters.
300 milijonų metrų.
would inaccurately skew the results.
suklaidintų rezultatus
where the group largely ignores
kai grupė ignoruoja
to the vote of the people in the middle.
atsakymų svorį.
to the outliers,
nukrypusiu atsakymu,
turned out to be a robust average
pasirodė esantis individualių atsakymų
behavior of the group.
grupės elgesys.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
kaip pasiekti bendrą sutarimą.
but we already have some insights.
jau turime šiokių tokių įžvalgų.
require two components:
sprendimų, reikia dviejų dalykų:
make our voice heard in many societies
nuomonę visuomenėje
thoughtful debates.
apgalvotas diskusijas.
kad geriau naudoti kitą metodą,
these two goals at the same time,
šiuos du tikslus tuo pačiu metu,
that converge to a single decision
lengviau priimti bendrą sprendimą,
diversity of opinions
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
koks yra Eifelio bokšto aukšis,
and ideological issues.
ideologinėmis temomis.
the world's problems are more complex
temos yra vis sudėtingesnės
how we interact and make decisions
mes bendraujame ir priimame sprendimus,
sudaryti geresnę demokratiją.
to construct a better democracy.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com