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Victor Rios: Help for kids the education system ignores
Victor Rios: Pomoć djeci koju obrazovni sustav ignorira
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Definirajte učenike prema tome čime doprinose, a ne prema tome što im manjka - posebice one koji su teško odrastali, kaže profesor Victor Rios. Ispreplićući svoju osobnu priču o ustrajnosti kao mladić iz centra grada, Rios navodi tri strategije kojima se mijenjaju stavovi u obrazovanju i poziva kolege da na "rizične" učenike gledaju kao na "obećavajuće" individue koje su žilave, karakterne i borbene.
Victor Rios - Educator, author
Victor Rios seeks to uncover how to best support the lives of young people who experience poverty, stigma and social exclusion. Full bio
Victor Rios seeks to uncover how to best support the lives of young people who experience poverty, stigma and social exclusion. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For over a decade,
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Već više od deset godina
00:14
I have studied young people
that have been pushed out of school,
that have been pushed out of school,
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proučavam mlade ljude
koji su izbačeni iz škole.
koji su izbačeni iz škole.
00:19
so called "dropouts."
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takozvane otpadnike.
00:22
As they end up failed
by the education system,
by the education system,
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Kad ih iznevjeri obrazovni sustav
00:25
they're on the streets
where they're vulnerable to violence,
where they're vulnerable to violence,
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završe na ulici gdje su podložni nasilju,
00:29
police harassment,
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policijskom zlostavljanju,
00:30
police brutality
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policijskoj brutalnosti
00:32
and incarceration.
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i kažnjavanju zatvorom.
00:34
I follow these young people
for years at a time,
for years at a time,
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Godinama pratim te mlade ljude
00:38
across institutional settings,
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u različitim institucionalnim uređenjima
00:41
to try to understand what some of us call
the "school-to-prison pipeline."
the "school-to-prison pipeline."
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kako bih razumio ono što neki od nas
zovu "kanalom od škole do zatvora."
zovu "kanalom od škole do zatvora."
00:48
When you look at a picture like this,
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Kada pogledate sliku poput ove,
00:50
of young people who are in my study ...
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mlade ljude iz moje studije...
00:55
you might see trouble.
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možda vidite nevolju.
00:56
I mean one of the boys
has a bottle of liquor in his hand,
has a bottle of liquor in his hand,
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Ipak, jedan dečko drži
bocu žestokog pića u ruci,
bocu žestokog pića u ruci,
01:01
he's 14 years old
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ima 14 godina,
01:03
and it's a school day.
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a radni je dan.
01:05
Other people, when they see this picture,
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Kada ostali ljudi vide ovu sliku,
01:07
might see gangs,
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možda će vidjeti bandu,
01:10
thugs, delinquents --
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razbojnike, delikvente --
01:12
criminals.
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kriminalce.
01:13
But I see it different.
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Ali ja to vidim drugačije.
01:16
I see these young people
through a perspective
through a perspective
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Gledam te mlade ljude
kroz perspektivu
kroz perspektivu
01:19
that looks at the assets
that they bring to the education system.
that they bring to the education system.
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koja vidi čime
oni mogu doprinijeti obrazovnom sustavu.
oni mogu doprinijeti obrazovnom sustavu.
01:24
So will you join me in changing
the way we label young people
the way we label young people
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Pa, hoćete li mi se pridružiti
u mijenjanju etiketa koje dajemo mladima
u mijenjanju etiketa koje dajemo mladima
01:29
from "at-risk" to "at-promise?"
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od "rizičnih" do "obećavajućih?"
01:34
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
01:41
How do I know that these young people
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Kako znam da ovi mladi ljudi
01:43
have the potential
and the promise to change?
and the promise to change?
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imaju potencijal i
obećavajuće izglede da će se promijeniti?
obećavajuće izglede da će se promijeniti?
01:47
I know this because I am one of them.
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Znam to jer sam ja jedan od njih.
01:50
You see, I grew up
in dire poverty in the inner city,
in dire poverty in the inner city,
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Odrastao sam u teškom siromaštvu
u unutrašnjosti grada,
u unutrašnjosti grada,
01:55
without a father --
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bez oca --
01:56
he abandoned me before I was even born.
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napustio me prije nego što
sam se i rodio.
sam se i rodio.
01:59
We were on welfare,
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Živjeli smo od socijalne pomoći,
02:01
sometimes homeless,
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katkad beskućnici,
02:02
many times hungry.
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više puta gladni.
02:04
By the time I was 15 years old,
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Do svoje petnaeste godine
02:07
I had been incarcerated in juvy
three times for three felonies.
three times for three felonies.
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bio sam u maloljetničkome pritvoru
već tri puta zbog tri prekršaja.
već tri puta zbog tri prekršaja.
02:12
My best friend had already been killed.
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Mojeg najboljeg prijatelja već su ubili.
02:15
And soon after,
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Ubrzo nakon toga,
02:17
while I'm standing next to my uncle,
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dok sam stajao uz svoga ujaka,
02:19
he gets shot.
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netko ga je ubio.
02:21
And as I'm waiting
for the ambulance to arrive
for the ambulance to arrive
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Dok sam čekao
da stigne hitna pomoć
da stigne hitna pomoć
02:24
for over an hour ...
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više od sat vremena...
02:28
he bleeds to death on the street.
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on je iskrvario na ulici.
02:32
I had lost faith and hope in the world,
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Izgubio sam vjeru i nadu u svijet
02:36
and I had given up on the system
because the system had failed me.
because the system had failed me.
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i odustao sam od sustava
jer me je iznevjerio.
jer me je iznevjerio.
02:40
I had nothing to offer
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Nisam imao što ponuditi
02:42
and no one had anything to offer me.
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i nitko meni nije imao što ponuditi.
02:47
I was fatalistic.
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Bio sam fatalističan.
02:48
I didn't even think
I could make it to my 18th birthday.
I could make it to my 18th birthday.
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Nisam mislio niti da bih mogao
doživjeti svoj 18. rođendan.
doživjeti svoj 18. rođendan.
02:52
The reason I'm here today
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Razlog zašto sam danas ovdje
02:54
is because a teacher
that cared reached out
that cared reached out
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je jer je jedna nastavnica
marila za mene, ponudila pomoć
marila za mene, ponudila pomoć
02:59
and managed to tap into my soul.
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i uspjela mi dotaknuti dušu.
03:03
This teacher,
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Ta nastavnica,
03:04
Ms. Russ ...
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gospođa Russ ...
03:07
she was the kind of teacher
that was always in your business.
that was always in your business.
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bila je onaj tip nastavnika
koji uvijek zabada nos u vaša posla.
koji uvijek zabada nos u vaša posla.
03:12
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:14
She was the kind of teacher that was like,
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Bila je tip nastavnika
koji bi rekao,
koji bi rekao,
03:16
"Victor, I'm here for you
whenever you're ready."
whenever you're ready."
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"Tu sam za tebe kad god budeš spreman."
03:19
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:21
I wasn't ready.
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Nisam bio spreman.
03:23
But she understood one basic principle
about young people like me.
about young people like me.
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No, ona je razumjela osnovni princip
mladih ljudi poput mene.
mladih ljudi poput mene.
03:27
We're like oysters.
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Mi smo kao školjke.
03:29
We're only going to open up
when we're ready,
when we're ready,
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Otvorit ćemo se samo kad budemo spremni,
03:32
and if you're not there when we're ready,
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a ako niste tamo kad smo spremni,
03:35
we're going to clam back up.
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opet ćemo se zatvoriti.
03:38
Ms. Russ was there for me.
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Gđa Russ je bila tu za mene.
03:40
She was culturally relevant,
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Bila je od kulturne važnosti,
03:42
she respected my community,
my people, my family.
my people, my family.
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poštivala je moju zajednicu,
moje ljude, moju obitelj.
moje ljude, moju obitelj.
03:46
I told her a story about my Uncle Ruben.
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Ispričao sam joj priču
o svom ujaku Rubenu.
o svom ujaku Rubenu.
03:50
He would take me to work with him
because I was broke,
because I was broke,
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Vodio me sa sobom na posao
jer nisam imao novaca,
jer nisam imao novaca,
03:52
and he knew I needed some money.
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a znao je da mi treba.
03:54
He collected glass bottles for a living.
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Zarađivao je sakupljajući
staklene boce.
staklene boce.
03:58
Four in the morning on a school day,
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U četiri ujutro na radni dan,
04:00
we'd throw the glass bottles
in the back of his van,
in the back of his van,
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bacili bismo staklene boce
u njegov kamion
u njegov kamion
04:03
and the bottles would break.
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i one bi se razbile.
04:05
And my hands and arms would start to bleed
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Šake i ruke bi mi počele krvariti,
04:07
and my tennis shoes and pants
would get all bloody.
would get all bloody.
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a tenisice i hlače
bi se umrljale krvlju.
bi se umrljale krvlju.
04:12
And I was terrified and in pain,
and I would stop working.
and I would stop working.
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Bio sam užasnut, bolilo me
i prestao bih raditi.
i prestao bih raditi.
04:16
And my uncle, he would look me in the eyes
and he would say to me,
and he would say to me,
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Ujak bi me pogledao u oči
i rekao bi mi,
i rekao bi mi,
04:20
"Mijo,
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"Sinko,
04:21
estamos buscando vida."
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tražimo život."
04:25
"We're searching for a better life,
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"Tražimo bolji život,
04:27
we're trying to make
something out of nothing."
something out of nothing."
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pokušavamo napraviti
nešto iz ničega."
nešto iz ničega."
04:32
Ms. Russ listened to my story,
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Gđa Russ je slušala moju priču,
04:35
welcomed it into the classroom and said,
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primila je u učionicu i rekla,
04:38
"Victor, this is your power.
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"Victor, to je tvoja moć.
04:40
This is your potential.
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To je tvoj potencijal.
04:42
Your family, your culture, your community
have taught you a hard-work ethic
have taught you a hard-work ethic
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Tvoja obitelj, kultura i zajednica
su te naučili mukotrpnom radu
su te naučili mukotrpnom radu
04:48
and you will use it to empower
yourself in the academic world
yourself in the academic world
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i ti ćeš to iskoristiti kako bi
osnažio sebe u akademskom svijetu
osnažio sebe u akademskom svijetu
04:53
so you can come back
and empower your community."
and empower your community."
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kako bi se mogao vratiti
i osnažiti svoju zajednicu."
i osnažiti svoju zajednicu."
04:58
With Ms. Russ's help,
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Uz pomoć gđe Russ,
05:00
I ended up returning to school.
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vratio sam se u školu.
05:03
I even finished my credits on time
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Čak sam je završio na vrijeme
05:07
and graduated with my class.
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i maturirao sa svojom generacijom.
05:10
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
05:17
But Ms. Russ said to me
right before graduation,
right before graduation,
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Ali, prije mature,
gđa Russ mi je rekla,
gđa Russ mi je rekla,
05:20
"Victor, I'm so proud of you.
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"Victor, tako sam ponosna na tebe.
05:23
I knew you could do it.
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Znala sam da ti to možeš.
05:25
Now it's time to go to college."
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Sada je vrijeme za fakultet."
05:28
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:31
College, me?
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Fakultet? Ja?
05:32
Man, what is this teacher smoking
thinking I'm going to college?
thinking I'm going to college?
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Čovječe, što ova nastavnica puši
kad misli da ću ja na fakultet?
kad misli da ću ja na fakultet?
05:36
I applied with the mentors
and support she provided,
and support she provided,
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Osigurala mi je mentore i podršku,
pa sam se prijavio,
pa sam se prijavio,
05:40
got a letter of acceptance,
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dobio sam potvrdu da sam primljen,
05:43
and one of the paragraphs read,
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a u jednome od odjeljaka je pisalo,
05:45
"You've been admitted
under probationary status."
under probationary status."
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"Primljeni ste na probni rok."
05:49
I said, "Probation?
I'm already on probation,
I'm already on probation,
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"Probacija? Već jesam na uvjetnoj,
05:51
that don't matter?"
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zar to nema veze?"
05:53
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:54
It was academic probation,
not criminal probation.
not criminal probation.
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Bio je to akademski probni rok,
ne uvjetna kazna.
ne uvjetna kazna.
05:59
But what do teachers like Ms. Russ
do to succeed with young people
do to succeed with young people
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Ali, što nastavnici kao što je gđa Russ
čine da uspiju s mladim ljudima
čine da uspiju s mladim ljudima
06:03
like the ones I study?
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kao što su oni koje ja proučavam?
06:05
I propose three strategies.
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Predlažem tri strategije.
06:07
The first:
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Prva:
06:08
let's get rid of our
deficit perspective in education.
deficit perspective in education.
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Riješimo se te svoje
deficitne perspektive u obrazovanju.
deficitne perspektive u obrazovanju.
06:12
"These people
come from a culture of violence,
come from a culture of violence,
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"Ti ljudi
dolaze iz kulture nasilja,
dolaze iz kulture nasilja,
06:15
a culture of poverty.
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kulture siromaštva.
06:16
These people are at-risk;
these people are truant.
these people are truant.
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Ti ljudi su rizični;
ti ljudi su ljenčine.
ti ljudi su ljenčine.
06:18
These people are empty containers
for us to fill with knowledge.
for us to fill with knowledge.
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Ti ljudi su prazni spremnici
koje trebamo napuniti znanjem.
koje trebamo napuniti znanjem.
06:25
They have the problems,
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Oni imaju probleme,
06:26
we have the solutions."
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mi imamo rješenja."
06:30
Number two.
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Broj dva.
06:31
Let's value the stories that young people
bring to the schoolhouse.
bring to the schoolhouse.
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Cijenimo priče koje ti mladi
donose u obrazovnu ustanovu.
donose u obrazovnu ustanovu.
06:37
Their stories of overcoming
insurmountable odds are so powerful.
insurmountable odds are so powerful.
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Njihove priče o premošćivanju
nepremostivih prepreka su tako moćne.
nepremostivih prepreka su tako moćne.
06:43
And I know you know some of these stories.
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I znam da znate neke od tih priča.
06:48
These very same stories and experiences
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Upravo te priče i iskustva
06:52
already have grit, character
and resilience in them.
and resilience in them.
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su pune borbenosti, karaktera
i žilavosti.
i žilavosti.
06:57
So let's help young people
refine those stories.
refine those stories.
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Pa, pomozimo mladim ljudima
da oplemene te priče.
da oplemene te priče.
07:00
Let's help them be proud of who they are,
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Pomozimo im
da budu ponosni na sebe,
da budu ponosni na sebe,
07:02
because our education system
welcomes their families, their cultures,
welcomes their families, their cultures,
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jer naš obrazovni sustav
pozdravlja njihove obitelji, kulture,
pozdravlja njihove obitelji, kulture,
07:06
their communities
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njihove zajednice
07:08
and the skill set
they've learned to survive.
they've learned to survive.
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i vještine koje su naučili
kako bi preživjeli.
kako bi preživjeli.
07:11
And of course the third strategy
being the most important:
being the most important:
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I, naravno, treća strategija,
ona najvažnija:
ona najvažnija:
07:15
resources.
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Resursi.
07:17
We have to provide
adequate resources to young people.
adequate resources to young people.
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Moramo mladima osigurati
adekvatne resurse.
adekvatne resurse.
07:22
Grit alone isn't going to cut it.
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Borbenost nije dovoljna.
07:26
You can sit there
and tell me all you want,
and tell me all you want,
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Možete tu sjediti
i do sutra mi ponavljati,
i do sutra mi ponavljati,
07:28
"Hey man, pick yourself up
by the bootstraps."
by the bootstraps."
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"Hajde čovječe,
skupi samopouzdanja i digni se."
skupi samopouzdanja i digni se."
07:31
But if I was born
without any straps on my boots --
without any straps on my boots --
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Ali, ako nemam samopouzdanja --
07:34
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:35
How am I supposed to pick myself up?
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Kako da ustanem?
07:37
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
07:45
Job training,
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stručna izobrazba,
07:46
mentoring,
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mentorstvo,
07:48
counseling ...
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savjetovanje ...
07:49
Teaching young people
to learn from their mistakes
to learn from their mistakes
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Podučavanje mladih
da uče iz svojih grešaka
da uče iz svojih grešaka
07:52
instead of criminalizing them,
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umjesto da ih tretiramo
kao kriminalce
kao kriminalce
07:54
and dragging them out
of their classrooms like animals.
of their classrooms like animals.
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i izvodimo iz učionice
kao kakve životinje.
kao kakve životinje.
07:59
How about this?
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Kako se to čini?
08:00
I propose that we implement restorative
justice in every high school in America.
justice in every high school in America.
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Predlažem da uvedemo restorativnu pravdu
u sve srednje škole u Americi.
u sve srednje škole u Americi.
08:06
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:13
So we went out to test these ideas
in the community of Watts in LA
in the community of Watts in LA
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Iskušali smo ove ideje
u zajednici Watts u Los Angelesu
u zajednici Watts u Los Angelesu
08:19
with 40 young people
that had been pushed out of school.
that had been pushed out of school.
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na 40 mladih ljudi
koje su izbacili iz škole.
koje su izbacili iz škole.
08:22
William was one of them.
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William je bio jedan od njih.
08:24
William was the kind of kid
that had been given every label.
that had been given every label.
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William je bio takvo dijete
koje je dobilo sve moguće etikete.
koje je dobilo sve moguće etikete.
08:28
He had dropped out, he was a gang member,
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Prestao se školovati,
bio je član bande,
bio je član bande,
08:32
a criminal.
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kriminalac.
08:34
And when we met him he was very resistant.
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Kad smo ga upoznali,
jako se odupirao.
jako se odupirao.
08:36
But I remember what Ms. Russ used to say.
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Ali, sjećam se što je
gđa Russ govorila.
gđa Russ govorila.
08:39
"Hey, I'm here for you
whenever you're ready."
whenever you're ready."
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"Hej, tu sam za tebe
kad budeš spreman."
kad budeš spreman."
08:42
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:44
So over time --
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Tako je s vremenom --
08:46
over time he began to open up.
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s vremenom se počeo otvarati.
08:48
And I remember the day
that he made the switch.
that he made the switch.
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Sjećam se dana
kada se promijenio.
kada se promijenio.
08:51
We were in a large group
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Bili smo u velikoj grupi
08:53
and a young lady in our program was crying
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i jedna mlada žena
u našem programu je plakala
u našem programu je plakala
08:56
because she told us her powerful story
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jer nam je ispričala moćnu priču
09:00
of her dad being killed
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o tome kako su joj ubili oca,
09:03
and then his body being shown
in the newspaper the next day.
in the newspaper the next day.
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a sljedeći dan je njegovo mrtvo tijelo
bilo u novinama.
bilo u novinama.
09:11
And as she's crying,
I don't know what to do,
I don't know what to do,
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Plakala je,
nisam znao što da radim,
nisam znao što da radim,
09:14
so I give her her space,
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pa sam joj dao prostora,
09:15
and William had enough.
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a Williamu je bilo dosta.
09:18
He slammed his hands
on the desk and he said,
on the desk and he said,
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Udario je šakama
o stol i rekao,
o stol i rekao,
09:21
"Hey, everybody! Group hug! Group hug!"
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"Hej, ljudi! Grupni zagrljaj!
Grupni zagrljaj!"
Grupni zagrljaj!"
09:27
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:35
This young lady's tears and pain
turned into joy and laughter
turned into joy and laughter
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Suze i bol te mlade žene
pretvoriil su se u veselje i smijeh
pretvoriil su se u veselje i smijeh
09:41
knowing that her community had her back,
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jer je znala da je zajednica uz nju,
09:45
and William had now learned
that he did have a purpose in life:
that he did have a purpose in life:
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a William je tako naučio
da ipak ima svrhu u životu:
da ipak ima svrhu u životu:
09:50
to help to heal the souls
of people in his own community.
of people in his own community.
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pomoći iscijeliti duše ljudi
u svojoj vlastitoj zajednici.
u svojoj vlastitoj zajednici.
09:56
He told us his story.
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Ispričao nam je svoju priču.
09:58
We refined his story
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Oplemenio je svoju priču tako što je
10:00
to go from being the story of a victim
to being the story of a survivor
to being the story of a survivor
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od priče jedne žrtve
to postala priča onoga koji je preživio,
to postala priča onoga koji je preživio,
10:04
that has overcome adversity.
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koji je premostio nedaće i teškoće.
10:07
We placed high value on it.
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Iznimno smo to cijenili.
10:09
William went on to finish high school,
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William je završio srednju školu,
10:14
get his security guard certificate
to become a security guard,
to become a security guard,
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dobio je certifikat za rad u zaštitarstvu
10:19
and is now working
at a local school district.
at a local school district.
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i sada radi u mjesnom školskom okrugu.
10:23
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:31
Ms. Russ's mantra --
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Mantra gđe Russ --
10:33
her mantra was always,
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njezina mantra je uvijek bila
10:35
"when you teach to the heart,
the mind will follow."
the mind will follow."
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"kada podučavaš ka srcu,
um će slijediti."
um će slijediti."
10:42
The great writer Khalil Gibran says,
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Veliki pisac Khalil Gibran kaže
10:47
"Out of suffering
have emerged the greatest souls.
have emerged the greatest souls.
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"Iz patnje su izronile najveće duše.
10:52
The massive characters
are seared with scars."
are seared with scars."
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Veliki karakteri su obilježeni ožiljcima."
10:58
I believe that in this education
revolution that we're talking about
revolution that we're talking about
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Vjerujem da u ovoj obrazovnoj revoluciji
o kojoj pričamo
o kojoj pričamo
11:03
we need to invite the souls
of the young people that we work with,
of the young people that we work with,
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trebamo pozvati duše mladih ljudi
s kojima radimo,
s kojima radimo,
11:08
and once they're able to refine --
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a onda kad budu sposobni obogatiti --
11:10
identify their grit,
resilience and character
resilience and character
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identificirati svoju borbenost,
žilavost i karakter
žilavost i karakter
11:14
that they've already developed --
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koje su već ranije razvili --
11:17
their academic performance will improve.
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njihov akademski učinak će se poboljšati.
11:23
Let's believe in young people.
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Vjerujmo u mlade ljude.
11:25
Let's provide them
the right kinds of resources.
the right kinds of resources.
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Osigurajmo im prave resurse.
11:29
I'll tell you what my teacher did for me.
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Reći ću vam što je moja nastavnica
učinila za mene.
učinila za mene.
11:31
She believed in me so much
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Toliko je vjerovala u mene
11:35
that she tricked me
into believing in myself.
into believing in myself.
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da sam i sâm počeo vjerovati u sebe.
11:39
Thank you.
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Hvala.
11:40
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Victor Rios - Educator, authorVictor Rios seeks to uncover how to best support the lives of young people who experience poverty, stigma and social exclusion.
Why you should listen
Based on over a decade of research, Dr. Victor Rios created Project GRIT (Generating Resilience to Inspire Transformation) a human development program that works with educators to refine leadership, civic engagement and personal and academic empowerment in young people placed at-risk.
Rios is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received his Ph.D. in comparative ethnic studies from the University of California, Berkeley in 2005. His book Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys discusses the many ways in which young urban males of color encounter the youth control complex: a ubiquitous system of punitive social control embedded in what has come to be known as the school-to-prison pipeline.
Victor Rios | Speaker | TED.com