TEDWomen 2017
Shameem Akhtar: To learn is to be free
Shameem Akhtar: Belajar itu membebaskan
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Shameem Akhtar menyamar sebagai anak lelaki selama awal masa kecilnya di Pakistan sehingga dia dapat menikmati kemewahan yang jarang disediakan bagi anak perempuan di Pakistan: bermain di luar rumah dan bersekolah. Dalam pembicaraan berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi yang membuka wawasan ini, Akhtar mengenang bagaimana kesempatan mengenyam pendidikan mengubah jalur hidupnya -- dan pada akhirnya mengubah budaya di desanya, di mana pada hari ini setiap anak perempuan bisa bersekolah.
Shameem Akhtar - Writer, social worker
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan. Full bio
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
A room full of boys.
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Satu ruangan penuh anak lelaki.
00:15
A girl child, hardly nine
or ten years old,
or ten years old,
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Gadis kecil, belum mencapai
sembilan atau sepuluh tahun,
sembilan atau sepuluh tahun,
00:19
she is sitting in the center
of the room, surrounded by books.
of the room, surrounded by books.
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tengah duduk di pusat ruangan,
dikelilingi buku-buku.
dikelilingi buku-buku.
00:25
She is the only girl among boys,
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Dia satu-satunya perempuan
di antara anak-anak laki,
di antara anak-anak laki,
00:27
and is barely missing
her female cousins and friends,
her female cousins and friends,
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tanpa hadirnya sepupu dan kawan perempuan,
00:32
who are inside the home
instead of the school,
instead of the school,
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yang berada dalam rumah
alih-alih di sekolah,
alih-alih di sekolah,
00:37
because they are not allowed
to get an education alongside boys.
to get an education alongside boys.
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sebab mereka tak diizinkan
mengenyam pendidikan bersama anak lelaki.
mengenyam pendidikan bersama anak lelaki.
00:44
There isn't a single functional
girls' school in her village.
girls' school in her village.
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Tak ada satupun sekolah putri
yang berfungsi di desanya.
yang berfungsi di desanya.
00:50
She was born in a Baloch
conservative tribe,
conservative tribe,
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Dia terlahir di suku Baloch
yang konservatif,
yang konservatif,
00:54
where women and girls
are a matter of honor.
are a matter of honor.
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di mana wanita dan gadis
adalah masalah kehormatan.
adalah masalah kehormatan.
01:00
She is the eldest in her family,
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Dia yang tersulung di keluarganya,
01:02
and when she was about to be born,
her parents wanted a baby boy.
her parents wanted a baby boy.
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dan menjelang kelahirannya,
orangtuanya mengharapkan bayi lelaki.
orangtuanya mengharapkan bayi lelaki.
01:08
But they had bad luck;
a baby girl arrived.
a baby girl arrived.
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Tapi sialnya nasib mereka;
bayi perempuan yang muncul.
bayi perempuan yang muncul.
01:12
It was customary in her family
to keep girls inside the homes.
to keep girls inside the homes.
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Sudah adat dalam keluarganya
agar perempuan tetap tinggal di rumah.
agar perempuan tetap tinggal di rumah.
01:18
But her uncle, who was
a university graduate,
a university graduate,
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Tapi pamannya,
seorang lulusan universitas,
seorang lulusan universitas,
01:22
he wanted to give her
an opportunity to see the world,
an opportunity to see the world,
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ingin memberinya kesempatan melihat dunia,
01:27
to be part of the society.
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menjadi bagian dari masyarakat.
01:30
Luckily, she has a name
that can be used for both men and women.
that can be used for both men and women.
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Beruntungnya, dia memiliki nama
yang bisa dipakai untuk pria dan wanita.
yang bisa dipakai untuk pria dan wanita.
01:36
So he saw a chance
to change her course of life.
to change her course of life.
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Jadi sang paman melihat kemungkinan
mengubah jalur hidupnya.
mengubah jalur hidupnya.
01:40
So he decided to raise her as a boy.
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Maka dia putuskan
membesarkannya sebagai lelaki.
membesarkannya sebagai lelaki.
01:44
At three months old,
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Pada usia tiga bulan,
01:46
she went from being
a baby girl, to baby boy.
a baby girl, to baby boy.
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anak itu berubah dari bayi perempuan
menjadi bayi lelaki.
menjadi bayi lelaki.
01:51
She is given a boy's getup.
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Dia diberi penampilan lelaki.
01:54
She is allowed to go outside
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Dia diizinkan keluar rumah
01:57
and get an education alongside boys.
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dan mengenyam pendidikan bersama lelaki.
01:59
She is free, she is confident.
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Dia bebas, dia percaya diri.
02:03
She observes, she notes
small, everyday injustices
small, everyday injustices
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Dia mengamati, dia mencatat
ketidakadilan kecil tiap harinya
ketidakadilan kecil tiap harinya
02:09
faced by women and girls in her village.
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yang dihadapi wanita dan gadis di desanya.
02:14
When newspapers arrive at her home,
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Saat koran datang di rumah,
02:17
she watches as it passes
from the eldest man to the youngest man.
from the eldest man to the youngest man.
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dilihatnya koran itu berpindah tangan
dari pria tertua ke pria termuda.
dari pria tertua ke pria termuda.
02:24
By the time women get hold of the paper,
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Ketika wanita akhirnya menerima koran itu,
02:29
it is old news.
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beritanya sudah tua.
02:31
She completes her eighth-grade year.
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Dia menyelesaikan tahun kelas delapannya.
02:35
Now fear starts to come in.
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Kini rasa takut mulai hinggap.
02:38
This will be the end of her education,
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Ini akan jadi akhir pendidikannya,
02:42
because the only option
for high school for further study
for high school for further study
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karena satu-satunya pilihan
untuk lanjut belajar ke SMA
untuk lanjut belajar ke SMA
02:47
is five kilometers away.
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berjarak lima kilometer.
02:49
Boys have bicycles, they are free.
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Anak laki-laki punya sepeda, mereka bebas.
02:53
But she knows
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Tapi dia tahu
02:54
her father will not allow
her to travel on her own,
her to travel on her own,
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ayahnya takkan mengizinkannya
bepergian seorang diri,
bepergian seorang diri,
03:00
even if she were posing as a boy.
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walaupun dia menyamar sebagai lelaki.
03:05
"I can't let you do that.
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"Ayah tak bisa membiarkanmu.
03:08
And I don't have the time
to walk you there and back.
to walk you there and back.
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Dan Ayah tak punya waktu
menemanimu jalan pulang pergi.
menemanimu jalan pulang pergi.
03:12
Sorry, it is impossible."
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Maaf, ini mustahil."
03:15
She gets very upset.
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Gadis itu sangat kesal.
03:18
But a miracle happened.
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Tapi suatu mukjizat terjadi.
03:21
A long-distance relative
offers to teach her
offers to teach her
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Seorang kerabat jauh menawari
untuk mengajarkannya
untuk mengajarkannya
03:24
ninth- and tenth-grade curricula
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kurikulum kelas sembilan dan sepuluh
03:27
during summer vacations.
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selama liburan musim panas.
03:29
This is how she completed
her matriculation.
her matriculation.
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Karena inilah dia dapat
menuntaskan tahun matrikulasinya.
menuntaskan tahun matrikulasinya.
03:34
The girl whom I am talking about to you
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Gadis yang saya bicarakan kepada kalian
03:38
is me, Shameem,
who is talking before you now.
who is talking before you now.
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adalah saya, Shameem,
yang bicara di hadapan kalian kini.
yang bicara di hadapan kalian kini.
03:42
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
03:49
Throughout centuries, people
have been fighting for their identity.
have been fighting for their identity.
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Selama berabad-abad, orang-orang
telah memperjuangkan jati dirinya.
telah memperjuangkan jati dirinya.
03:53
People have been loved, privileged,
because of their identity,
because of their identity,
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Orang-orang dicintai, diistimewakan,
karena jati diri mereka,
karena jati diri mereka,
03:58
their nationality, their ethnicity.
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kebangsaan mereka, etnis mereka.
04:00
Again, people have been hated, denied,
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Lalu, orang-orang dibenci, disangkal,
04:04
because of their nationality,
their identity,
their identity,
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karena kebangsaan mereka,
jati diri mereka,
jati diri mereka,
04:08
their race, their gender, their religion.
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ras mereka, gender mereka, agama mereka.
04:12
Identity determines your position
in society, wherever you live.
in society, wherever you live.
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Jati diri menentukan posisi Anda
di masyarakat, di manapun Anda hidup.
di masyarakat, di manapun Anda hidup.
04:17
So if you ask me, I would say
I hate this question of identity.
I hate this question of identity.
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Jadi jika ditanya, saya akan bilang
saya benci pertanyaan jati diri ini.
saya benci pertanyaan jati diri ini.
04:23
Millions of girls in this world
are being denied their basic rights
are being denied their basic rights
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Jutaan gadis di dunia ini
disangkal hak asasinya
disangkal hak asasinya
04:29
because of being female.
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karena mereka perempuan.
04:31
I would have faced the same,
if I hadn't been raised as a boy.
if I hadn't been raised as a boy.
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Saya pasti sudah menghadapi hal sama
jika tak dibesarkan sebagai lelaki.
jika tak dibesarkan sebagai lelaki.
04:38
I was determined to continue my studies,
to learn, to be free.
to learn, to be free.
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Saya bertekad melanjutkan studi saya,
untuk belajar, untuk bebas.
untuk belajar, untuk bebas.
04:44
After my schooling, even enrolling
in college was not easy for me.
in college was not easy for me.
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Setelah sekolah, bahkan melamar kampus
tidaklah mudah bagi saya.
tidaklah mudah bagi saya.
04:50
I went on a three-day hunger strike.
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Saya mogok makan tiga hari.
04:53
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
04:54
Then, I got permission for college.
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Lalu, saya dapat izin kuliah.
04:57
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
04:59
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
05:01
In that way, I completed my college.
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Dengan begitu, saya
menuntaskan kuliah saya.
menuntaskan kuliah saya.
05:06
Two years later, when the time came
for me to go to university,
for me to go to university,
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Dua tahun kemudian, saat tiba
waktunya untuk masuk universitas,
waktunya untuk masuk universitas,
05:11
my father turned his eyes,
his attention, to my younger brothers.
his attention, to my younger brothers.
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ayah saya memalingkan matanya,
perhatiannya, ke adik-adik lelaki saya.
perhatiannya, ke adik-adik lelaki saya.
05:16
They need to be in school,
secure jobs and support the family.
secure jobs and support the family.
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Mereka harus sekolah, bekerja tetap
dan menyokong keluarga.
dan menyokong keluarga.
05:22
And as a woman, my place was to be home.
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Dan sebagai wanita,
tempat saya adalah di rumah.
tempat saya adalah di rumah.
05:27
But, I don't give up.
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Tapi saya tak menyerah.
05:29
I sign up for a two-year program
to become a lady health visitor.
to become a lady health visitor.
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Saya mendaftar program dua tahun
untuk jadi wanita pengunjung kesehatan.
untuk jadi wanita pengunjung kesehatan.
05:34
Then I hear about Thardeep
Rural Development Program,
Rural Development Program,
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Lalu saya mendengar tentang
Program Pengembangan Pedesaan Thardeep,
Program Pengembangan Pedesaan Thardeep,
05:38
a non-profit organization
working to empower rural communities.
working to empower rural communities.
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sebuah organisasi non-profit yang berusaha
memberdayakan komunitas pedesaan.
memberdayakan komunitas pedesaan.
05:44
I sneak away.
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Saya menyelinap pergi.
05:45
I travel five hours
to interview for a position.
to interview for a position.
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Saya bepergian lima jam demi
wawancara suatu posisi.
wawancara suatu posisi.
05:51
It is the first time I am the farthest
from my home I have ever been.
from my home I have ever been.
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Itu pertama kalinya saya
sangat teramat jauh dari rumah.
sangat teramat jauh dari rumah.
05:56
I am closest to my freedom
I have ever been.
I have ever been.
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Saya di momen paling mendekati
kebebasan dalam hidup saya.
kebebasan dalam hidup saya.
06:00
Luckily, I got the job,
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Beruntungnya, saya diterima kerja,
06:02
but the hardest part is facing my father.
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tapi bagian tersulitnya adalah
menghadapi ayah saya.
menghadapi ayah saya.
06:06
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
06:08
Relatives are already scaring him
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Para kerabat sudah menakut-nakutinya
06:12
about his daughter wandering off,
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tentang putrinya yang berkeliaran jauh,
06:16
teasing him with talk
of his daughter crossing the border.
of his daughter crossing the border.
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membuatnya cemas bahwa putrinya
menyeberang perbatasan.
menyeberang perbatasan.
06:21
When I return home,
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Sepulangnya di rumah,
06:23
I want nothing more than just
to accept the position in Thardeep.
to accept the position in Thardeep.
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saya tak ingin apa-apa lagi
selain menerima jabatan di Thardeep.
selain menerima jabatan di Thardeep.
06:29
So that night, I packed
all my things in a bag,
all my things in a bag,
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Jadi malam itu, saya mengemas
semua barang saya dalam tas,
semua barang saya dalam tas,
06:34
and I walked into
my father's room and told him,
my father's room and told him,
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dan berjalan masuk
ke kamar ayah saya dan bilang,
ke kamar ayah saya dan bilang,
06:40
"Tomorrow morning,
the bus is going to come in.
the bus is going to come in.
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"Besok pagi, busnya akan datang.
06:43
If you believe in me,
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Jika ayah percaya pada saya,
06:44
if you believe in me,
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jika ayah percaya pada saya,
06:46
you will wake me up
and take me to the bus station.
and take me to the bus station.
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ayah akan membangunkan dan
mengantar saya ke stasiun bus.
mengantar saya ke stasiun bus.
06:52
If you don't, I'll understand."
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Jika tidak, saya akan paham."
06:55
Then I went to sleep.
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Lalu saya pun tidur.
06:57
The next morning, my father
was standing beside me
was standing beside me
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Besok paginya,
ayah berdiri di samping saya
ayah berdiri di samping saya
07:02
to take me to the bus stop.
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untuk mengantar ke perhentian bus.
07:04
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
07:08
That day, I understood
the importance of words.
the importance of words.
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Hari itu, saya memahami
pentingnya kata-kata.
pentingnya kata-kata.
07:13
I understood how words affect our hearts,
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Saya paham bagaimana kata
memengaruhi hati kita,
memengaruhi hati kita,
07:17
how words play
an important role in our lives.
an important role in our lives.
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bagaimana kata berperan penting
dalam hidup kita.
dalam hidup kita.
07:22
I understood words
are more powerful than fighting.
are more powerful than fighting.
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Saya paham bahwa kata
lebih dahsyat daripada pertengkaran.
lebih dahsyat daripada pertengkaran.
07:27
At TRDP, I saw there was a Pakistan
which I didn't know,
which I didn't know,
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Di TRDP, saya menyaksikan
Pakistan yang tak saya kenal,
Pakistan yang tak saya kenal,
07:33
a country much more complex
than I had realized.
than I had realized.
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suatu negara yang lebih rumit
dari perkiraan saya.
dari perkiraan saya.
07:38
Until that, I thought
I had a difficult life.
I had a difficult life.
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Sebelum itu, saya pikir hidup saya sulit.
07:41
But here, I saw what women in other parts
of Pakistan were experiencing.
of Pakistan were experiencing.
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Tapi di sini, saya melihat yang dialami
wanita Pakistan di bagian yang lain.
wanita Pakistan di bagian yang lain.
07:49
It really opened my eyes.
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Itu sungguh membuka mata saya.
07:51
Some women had 11 children
but nothing to feed them.
but nothing to feed them.
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Beberapa wanita punya 11 anak
tanpa bisa memberi makan.
tanpa bisa memberi makan.
07:57
For getting water, they would walk
three hours every day to wells.
three hours every day to wells.
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Untuk mendapat air, mereka berjalan
tiga jam tiap harinya ke sumur.
tiga jam tiap harinya ke sumur.
08:03
The nearest hospital was at least
32 kilometers away.
32 kilometers away.
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Rumah sakit terdekat berjarak
setidaknya 32 kilometer.
setidaknya 32 kilometer.
08:08
So if a woman is in labor,
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Jadi jika wanita ingin bersalin,
08:10
she travels by camel
to get to the hospital.
to get to the hospital.
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dia bepergian dengan unta
sampai ke rumah sakit.
sampai ke rumah sakit.
08:15
The distance is great;
she may die on her way.
she may die on her way.
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Jaraknya sangat jauh;
dia bisa mati di perjalanan.
dia bisa mati di perjalanan.
08:19
So now, this became
more than just a job for me.
more than just a job for me.
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Sehingga ini menjadi lebih
dari sekadar kerja bagi saya.
dari sekadar kerja bagi saya.
08:24
I discovered my power.
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Saya menemukan kekuatan saya.
08:28
Now, as I was getting salary,
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Kini, saat sudah punya gaji,
08:30
I started sending back money to my home.
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saya mulai mengirim uang ke rumah.
08:33
Relatives and neighbors
were noticing this.
were noticing this.
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Para kerabat dan tetangga
mulai menyadari ini.
mulai menyadari ini.
08:36
Now they started to understand
the importance of education.
the importance of education.
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Kini mereka mulai paham
pentingnya pendidikan.
pentingnya pendidikan.
08:42
By that time, some other parents
started sending their daughters to school.
started sending their daughters to school.
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Pada saat itu, beberapa orangtua lain
mulai mengirim putrinya ke sekolah.
mulai mengirim putrinya ke sekolah.
08:50
Slowly, it became easier and acceptable
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Perlahan, semakin mudah dan wajar
08:54
for young women to be in college.
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bagi wanita mudah untuk kuliah.
08:57
Today, there isn't a single girl
out of school in my village.
out of school in my village.
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Hari ini, tak ada satupun perempuan
yang tak sekolah di desa saya.
yang tak sekolah di desa saya.
09:03
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
09:08
Girls are doing jobs
in health sites, even in police.
in health sites, even in police.
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Perempuan bekerja di bidang kesehatan,
bahkan di kepolisian.
bahkan di kepolisian.
09:13
Life was good.
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Hidup pun membaik.
09:15
But somewhere in my heart,
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Tapi suatu tempat dalam hati saya
09:17
I realized that my region,
beyond my village
beyond my village
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menyadari bahwa wilayah saya,
di luar dari desa saya
di luar dari desa saya
09:23
needs further change.
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butuh perubahan lebih lanjut.
09:26
This was also the time
when I joined Acumen Fellowship.
when I joined Acumen Fellowship.
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Inilah masa saya bergabung
dengan Acumen Fellowship.
dengan Acumen Fellowship.
09:30
There, I met leaders like me
across the country.
across the country.
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Di sana, saya menemui pemimpin
seperti saya di penjuru negeri.
seperti saya di penjuru negeri.
09:35
And I saw they are taking
risks in their lives.
risks in their lives.
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Dan saya lihat mereka
mengambil risiko dalam hidup.
mengambil risiko dalam hidup.
09:40
I started to understand
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Saya mulai memahami
09:44
what leadership really means.
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arti sesungguhnya dari kepemimpinan.
09:47
So I decided to go back to my region
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Saya pun memutuskan
kembali ke wilayah saya
kembali ke wilayah saya
09:51
and take a position as a teacher
in a remote school,
in a remote school,
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dan menjabat sebagai guru
di sekolah terpencil,
di sekolah terpencil,
09:56
a school that I have to reach by bus --
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sekolah yang harus dicapai lewat bus --
10:00
two hours traveling,
every morning and evening.
every morning and evening.
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dua jam perjalanan,
setiap pagi dan malam.
setiap pagi dan malam.
10:05
Though it was hard, on my first day I knew
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Walau sulit, di hari pertama
saya langsung tahu
saya langsung tahu
10:10
I made the right decision.
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saya membuat keputusan benar.
10:13
The first day I walked into the school,
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Hari pertama saya memasuki sekolah,
10:16
I saw all these little Shameems
staring back at me --
staring back at me --
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saya melihat para Shameem kecil
menatap balik kepada saya --
menatap balik kepada saya --
10:20
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
10:22
with dreams in their eyes,
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dengan mimpi di mata mereka,
10:24
the same dream of freedom
which I had in my childhood.
which I had in my childhood.
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mimpi yang sama tentang
kebebasan di masa kecil saya.
kebebasan di masa kecil saya.
10:29
So the girls are eager to learn,
but the school is understaffed.
but the school is understaffed.
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Para gadis semangat untuk belajar,
tapi sekolah kekurangan staf.
tapi sekolah kekurangan staf.
10:34
Girls sit hopeful,
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Para gadis duduk penuh harap,
10:38
learn nothing,
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tanpa belajar apapun,
10:39
and they leave.
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dan mereka pergi.
10:40
I can't bear to see this happening.
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Saya tak tahan melihat ini terjadi.
10:43
There was no turning back.
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Tak ada kata kembali.
10:46
I found my purpose.
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Saya menemukan tujuan saya.
10:49
I enlisted a few of my friends
to help me to teach.
to help me to teach.
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Saya mendaftarkan segelintir teman
untuk membantu saya mengajar.
untuk membantu saya mengajar.
10:54
I'm introducing my girls
to the outside world
to the outside world
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Saya memperkenalkan
siswi saya ke dunia luar
siswi saya ke dunia luar
10:58
by extracurricular activities and books.
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lewat aktivitas ekstrakurikuler dan buku.
11:02
I share with them the profiles
of the world's best leaders,
of the world's best leaders,
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Mereka saya bagikan tentang
profil pemimpin terbaik di dunia;
profil pemimpin terbaik di dunia;
11:06
like Martin Luther King
and Nelson Mandela.
and Nelson Mandela.
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seperti Martin Luther King
dan Nelson Mandela.
dan Nelson Mandela.
11:10
Last year, a few of our students
went to college.
went to college.
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Tahun lalu, segelintir murid kami
masuk kuliah.
masuk kuliah.
11:15
For me, I never stop studying.
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Bagi saya, saya tak pernah
berhenti belajar.
berhenti belajar.
11:19
Today, I'm working to complete
my PhD in education --
my PhD in education --
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Hari ini, saya berusaha menuntaskan
PhD di bidang pendidikan --
PhD di bidang pendidikan --
11:24
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
11:27
which will allow me to gain
a management position
a management position
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yang memungkinkan saya
memperoleh jabatan pengelola
memperoleh jabatan pengelola
11:32
in the school system,
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di sistem sekolah,
11:34
and I will be able to make more decisions
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dan saya akan bisa membuat keputusan lebih
11:37
and play a pivotal role in the system.
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dan berperan penting di dalam sistem.
11:42
I believe that without
educating the girls,
educating the girls,
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Saya percaya tanpa mendidik para gadis,
11:46
we may not make world peace.
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kita takkan mendamaikan dunia.
11:49
We may not reduce child marriage.
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Kita takkan mengurangi pernikahan dini.
11:52
We may not reduce infant mortality rate.
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Kita takkan mengurangi laju kematian bayi.
11:56
We may not reduce maternal mortality rate.
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Kita takkan mengurangi laju kematian ibu.
12:00
For this, we have to continuously
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Karena inilah, kita harus terus-menerus
12:04
and collectively work together.
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dan secara kolektif bekerja sama.
12:08
At least I am playing my role,
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Setidaknya saya memainkan peran saya,
12:11
though the destination is not close.
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walau tujuannya tidaklah dekat.
12:15
The road is not easy.
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Jalannya tidak mudah.
12:16
But I have dreams in my eyes,
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Tapi saya punya impian di mata saya,
12:19
and I am not going to look back now.
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dan saya takkan melihat
ke belakang sekarang.
ke belakang sekarang.
12:24
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
12:25
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shameem Akhtar - Writer, social workerShameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan.
Why you should listen
Shameem Akhtar is a dedicated and enthusiastic development professional, with special interest in the field of gender, education, social mobilization, emergency/relief, management and literature. She is also engaged in research studies in rural development, doing PhD work at the University of Sindh. She is a member of the Individual Land Organization (Friedrich Naumann Stiftung) and was selected by Acumen Pakistan Fellows 2015 for their one-year course.
Akhtar frequently contributes to print media and literary magazines, work that has brought her close to the study of important social issues like malnutrition, child labor, marginalization and other core problems of the province. She has been active in the training of teachers, children, women and other segments of society in the fields of education, health, livelihood and disaster management under the banner of prestigious organizations in the social service sector.
Shameem Akhtar | Speaker | TED.com