Kristen Marhaver: How we're growing baby corals to rebuild reefs
Kristen Marhaver: Cara kami memproduksi bayi koral untuk membangun kembali terumbu karang
TED Senior Fellow Kristen Marhaver is a marine biologist studying the ecology, behavior and reproduction of reef corals. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
difficult job you ever did?
Anda lakukan?
for a family or a community?
atau masyarakat?
trying to protect lives and property?
nyawa dan harta benda?
that wasn't guaranteed to succeed,
belum tentu berhasil tapi mungkin
human health or save a life?
atau menyelamatkan hidup seseorang?
create something, make a work of art?
sesuatu, membuat karya seni?
dihargai orang lain?
who do these jobs
semacam ini
and our deepest support.
dukungan penuh kita.
in our communities
dalam komunitas kita
by the plants, the animals
tanaman, binatang
the tropical coral reefs.
terumbu karang tropis.
and food security
dan ketahanan pangan
of people around the world.
protect our shorelines
garis pantai kita
that they house filter the water
menyaring air
bekerja dan bermain.
on coral reefs are increasingly important
karang sangatlah penting
and new cancer drugs.
obat kanker yang baru.
beautiful things on planet Earth.
of the tourism industry
industri pariwisata
or little other natural resources.
sedikit sumber daya alam lain.
all of these ecosystem services,
seluruh pelayanan ekosistem itu,
of the world's coral reefs
of dollars per year.
being done for us
untuk kita
darinya,
we possibly could to destroy that.
bisa kita lakukan, untuk menghancurkannya.
kotoran,
with our boats, our fins, our bulldozers,
dengan kapal, kaki katak, buldoser,
of the entire sea,
laut secara keseluruhan,
membuat badai semakin kuat.
meningkatkan ancaman
and make each other worse.
a tropical storm went by a few years ago.
kena badai tropis beberapa tahun lalu.
a tropical storm had passed.
pernah melewatinya.
from overfishing, from pollution,
karena ikan dikuras habis, karena polusi,
the dead corals
to kill the corals that were left.
karang yang tersisa.
studi S3 saya --
during my PhD --
took off half of its tissue,
separuh lebih jaringannya,
and that coral died.
akhirnya mati.
this compounding of factors
karena akumulasi faktor-faktor tadi
as the "slippery slope to slime."
"lereng licin berlendir."
because many of our reefs now
karang kita sekarang benar-benar
and algae and slime.
to launch into my plea
permohonan saya
terumbu karang.
in a news headline
di surat kabar
of a conservation brochure,
yang mengkilap,
have been sounding the alarms
menyuarakan alarm
of coral reefs for decades.
lamanya.
no matter how educated,
saya temui, apapun tingkat pendidikannya,
or where they come from.
dari mana asalnya.
peduli tentang terumbu karang dunia
about the world's coral reefs
they can barely understand?
sesuatu yang mereka bahkan tidak pahami?
what a coral is or where it comes from,
karang itu, dari mana ia berasal
or beautiful it is,
menariknya ia,
to care about saving them?
untuk menyelamatkannya?
and where does it come from?
in a number of different ways,
all of the individuals of a single species
massal:
they've made that year
produksi pada tahun itu ke air
of the ocean and break apart.
lalu pecah.
at the surface of the ocean,
laut itu,
from other corals.
koral lain.
lots of corals on a coral reef --
pada terumbu karang --
meet their match at the surface.
pasangan yang cocok di permukaan laut.
what any other animal egg does:
telur binatang lainnya:
under the microscope every year
setiap tahunnya
magical moments of the year.
menakjubkan bagi saya.
they turn into a swimming larva --
mereka berubah jadi larva yang berenang --
the size of a poppy seed,
systems that we have.
miliki.
textures, chemicals, pH.
tekstur, kimia, pH.
they can hear sound.
dapat mendengar suara.
for a place to attach
untuk melekatkan diri
where you would live the rest of your life
menjalani sisa hidup Anda
they find most suitable,
paling cocok,
underneath themselves,
of building the world's coral reefs.
terumbu karang dunia.
again and again and again,
terus menerus,
underneath itself
spesies
limestone structure
yang masif
dapat dilihat dari luar angkasa
of these hardworking animals.
pekerja keras ini.
of corals on the planet, maybe 1,000.
koral di planet ini, mungkin seribu.
and millions of other species,
spesies lainnya,
stabilizes the systems,
sistem yang stabil
our new medicines.
baru.
makanan baru.
on the island of Curaçao,
di Pulau Curacao
that look like this.
seperti ini.
and much of our world
di Karibia dan di dunia
in increasing detail
with increasing certainty the causes.
penyebabnya dengan semakin akurat.
interested in looking backward.
tertarik memandang ke belakang.
are interested in looking forward
melihat ke depan,
to be optimistic.
written off long ago,
arrive and survive anyway.
dan bisa hidup di sana.
that baby corals may have the ability
mungkin punya kemampuan
that the adults couldn't.
tidak memungkinkan bagi koral dewasa.
to this human planet.
with my colleagues in Curaçao,
bersama rekan-rekan di Curacao,
what a baby coral needs
apa yang dibutuhkan bayi koral
through that process.
membantu mereka.
of the work we've done
and we made coral choice surveys --
printer 3D dan melakukan survei koral --
memilih untuk tinggal.
where they preferred to settle.
even without the biology involved,
meski tanpa melibatkan ilmu biologi,
the colors of a healthy reef.
merah muda, warna karang yang sehat.
and grooves and holes,
dan lubang
from being trampled
kita perlu mengembalikan faktor-faktor --
we need to restore those factors --
those hard surfaces --
permukaan yang kasar --
underwater, like a sea wall or a pier.
atau dermaga di bawah air.
and colors and textures
dan tekstur
back toward those corals.
and microbial signals
sinyal kimia dan mikrobial
I began culturing bacteria
mengkultur bakteri
melekat.
convince corals to settle and attach.
koral untuk melekat dan menetap.
bacterial strains in our freezer
bakteri dalam freezer kami
and attachment process.
tersebut.
are testing those bacteria
bakteri tersebut
more coral settlers in the lab,
meningkatkan pelekatan koral di lab
will survive better
bertahan lebih baik
we also try to uncover the mysteries
mencoba menguak misteri
and always has been:
sejak dulu:
this ridiculous shape,
yang konyol
are fat and look fuzzy
sungguh menyenangkan.
as a threatened species
terancam
in over 30 years of research surveys,
penelitian,
a baby pillar coral.
koral pilar.
if they could still reproduce,
masih mampu atau
following these at night
di malam hari
figure out when they spawn in Curaçao.
kapan mereka memijah di Curacao.
from our colleagues in Florida,
di Florida,
satu lagi pada 2008,
when they spawn in Curaçao
mereka memijah di Curacao
with some eggs in her tissue,
telur pada jaringannya
on the right, releasing sperm.
sedang melepaskan sperma.
back to the lab, we got it to fertilize
ke lab dan membuahkannya
swimming in our lab.
di lab kami.
of our scientific aunts and uncles,
we've had in Curaçao
koral lainnya di Curacao,
to go through the rest of the process
proses selanjutnya
that anyone ever saw.
yang pernah dilihat manusia.
if you think baby pandas are cute,
menggemaskan,
the secrets to this process,
proses ini,
and how we might help them.
kita dapat membantu mereka.
to handle their embryos,
embrio koral,
to preserve them at low temperatures,
menyimpan mereka pada temperatur rendah,
their genetic diversity
genetik mereka
rendah.
the number of hands in the lab
jumlah SDM yang ada
we can drink in any given hour.
tenggak per jamnya.
yang lain
of concern as a society.
atas sektor lain.
we have defense technology,
kita punya teknologi pertahanan,
untuk seni.
for conservation is behind.
teknologi konservasi.
difficult job you ever did.
Anda lakukan.
it was being a parent.
adalah hal yang tersulit.
far more amazing and far more difficult
luar biasa sekaligus lebih sulit
become parents for over 10 years now.
menjadi orang tua lebih dari 10 tahun.
to the core of my soul.
keterpukauan.
it is for them to become parents.
mereka untuk menjadi orang tua.
dua minggu yang lalu
again two weeks ago,
and brought them back to the lab.
untuk dibawa ke lab.
membelah
dibuahi
they will explode
dan akan pecah
the life of this one embryo
yang satu ini
methods that went wrong
yang keliru
always suffering from low fertility.
yang punya tingkat kesuburan yang rendah.
before we can use baby corals
kami dapat menggunakan bayi koral
maybe save coral reefs.
ya, mungkin menyelamatkan terumbu karang.
hundreds of billions of dollars.
yang ratusan milyar dolar.
and plants and microbes and fungi.
dan tanaman dan mikroba dan jamur.
and food and medicine.
dan obat-obatan.
an entire generation of corals.
generasi koral.
despite our best efforts,
untuk menghancurkannya
for the work they did
atas kerja keras mereka
to raise the coral reefs of the future,
melahirkan terumbu karang di masa depan,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kristen Marhaver - Coral reef biologistTED Senior Fellow Kristen Marhaver is a marine biologist studying the ecology, behavior and reproduction of reef corals.
Why you should listen
Dr. Kristen Marhaver's work combines classic scientific methods with new technologies to help threatened coral species survive their early life stages. She was the first person to rear juveniles of the endangered Caribbean Pillar Coral. Now she's now developing bacterial tools to improve coral survival at all life stages.
Marhaver's research has been covered by NPR, BBC, The Atlantic and Popular Science, among hundreds of outlets. She's earned five fellowships and grants from the US National Science Foundation and multiple awards for science communication. Marhaver is a TED Senior Fellow, a WINGS Fellow, and a World Economic Forum Young Scientist.
Outside the lab, Marhaver advocates for stronger ocean conservation and smarter science communication. Her talks and articles have been featured by Google, Wired UK, Mission Blue and by ocean and scuba festivals around the world.
A scuba diver from the age of 15, Marhaver is a graduate of Georgia Institute of Technology and the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Her lab is based at the CARMABI Research Station on the island of Curaçao.
Kristen Marhaver | Speaker | TED.com