Small Thing Big Idea
Kyra Gaunt: How the jump rope got its rhythm
Kyra Gaunt: Como a corda de saltar ganhou ritmo
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
453,746 views
"Down down, baby, down down the roller coaster..." O hip hop deve muito às rainhas das duplas cordas de saltar. A antropóloga da música, Kyra Gaunt, leva-nos numa fascinante viagem à história da corda de saltar.
Kyra Gaunt - Ethnomusicologist
A member of the inaugural TED Fellows class, Dr. Kyra Gaunt is an ethnomusicologist, singer-songwriter, and a social media researcher on faculty at University at Albany, SUNY. Full bio
A member of the inaugural TED Fellows class, Dr. Kyra Gaunt is an ethnomusicologist, singer-songwriter, and a social media researcher on faculty at University at Albany, SUNY. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
If you do it right, it should sound like:
0
206
2460
Se fizerem correctamente, deve soar assim:
00:14
TICK-tat, TICK-tat, TICK-tat,
TICK-tat, TICK-tat, TICK-tat.
TICK-tat, TICK-tat, TICK-tat.
1
2690
3879
TICK-tat, TICK-tat, TICK-tat,
TICK-tat, TICK-tat, TICK-tat.
TICK-tat, TICK-tat, TICK-tat.
00:18
If you do it wrong, it sounds like:
2
6593
1707
Se fizerem mal, vai soar assim:
Tick-TAT, tick-TAT, tick-TAT.
00:20
Tick-TAT, tick-TAT, tick-TAT.
3
8324
1499
00:21
[Small thing. Big idea.]
4
9848
2851
[Algo pequeno. Ideia grande]
00:25
[Kyra Gaunt on
the Jump Rope]
the Jump Rope]
5
13574
1886
[Kyra Gaunt sobre
a corda de saltar]
a corda de saltar]
00:28
The jump rope is such a simple object.
6
16321
3433
A corda de saltar é um objecto simples.
00:31
It can be made out of rope,
a clothesline, twine.
a clothesline, twine.
7
19918
2599
Pode ser feita de corda,
de estendal, de cordel.
de estendal, de cordel.
00:34
It has, like, a twirl on it. (Laughs)
8
22541
2526
Parece que... é torcida.
(Risos)
(Risos)
00:37
I'm not sure how to describe that.
9
25091
1772
Não sei como descrever.
00:38
What's important
is that it has a certain weight,
is that it has a certain weight,
10
26887
2505
O que é importante
é que tenha um certo peso
é que tenha um certo peso
00:41
and that they have
that kind of whip sound.
that kind of whip sound.
11
29416
3377
e que faça aquele som de chicote.
00:44
It's not clear what the origin
of the jump rope is.
of the jump rope is.
12
32817
3798
Não se conhece ao certo
a origem da corda de saltar.
a origem da corda de saltar.
00:48
There's some evidence
that it began in ancient Egypt, Phoenicia,
that it began in ancient Egypt, Phoenicia,
13
36639
3936
Há provas de que começou
no antigo Egipto, na Fenícia,
no antigo Egipto, na Fenícia,
00:52
and then it most likely traveled
to North America with Dutch settlers.
to North America with Dutch settlers.
14
40599
4072
e, provavelmente,
viajou até à América do Norte
viajou até à América do Norte
com os colonos holandeses.
00:56
The rope became a big thing
when women's clothes became more fitted
when women's clothes became more fitted
15
44695
4638
A corda tornou-se importante
quando as roupas das mulheres
ficaram mais adequadas
ficaram mais adequadas
01:01
and the pantaloon came into being.
16
49357
2278
e apareceram as culotes .
01:03
And so, girls were able to jump rope
17
51659
2880
Assim, as raparigas
conseguiam saltar à corda
conseguiam saltar à corda
01:06
because their skirts
wouldn't catch the ropes.
wouldn't catch the ropes.
18
54563
2706
porque as saias não ficavam
presas nas cordas.
presas nas cordas.
01:09
Governesses used it
to train their wards to jump rope.
to train their wards to jump rope.
19
57293
3880
As governantas treinavam
as suas protegidas a saltar à corda.
as suas protegidas a saltar à corda.
01:13
Even formerly enslaved African children
in the antebellum South
in the antebellum South
20
61197
3241
Até as crianças africanas
escravizadas no Sul,
escravizadas no Sul,
antes da guerra civil na América
saltavam à corda.
saltavam à corda.
01:16
jumped rope, too.
21
64462
1442
01:17
In the 1950s, in Harlem,
Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens,
Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens,
22
65928
4611
Nos anos 50, em Harlem,
no Bronx, em Brooklyn, em Queens,
no Bronx, em Brooklyn, em Queens,
01:22
you could see on the sidewalk,
lots of girls playing with ropes.
lots of girls playing with ropes.
23
70563
4476
via-se, nos passeios,
muitas raparigas a saltar à corda.
muitas raparigas a saltar à corda.
01:27
Sometimes they would take two ropes
and turn them as a single rope together,
and turn them as a single rope together,
24
75063
3722
Às vezes, juntavam duas cordas
transformando-as numa só,
transformando-as numa só,
01:30
but you could separate them and turn
them in like an eggbeater on each other.
them in like an eggbeater on each other.
25
78809
3786
mas podiam separá-las e transformá-las
numa espécie de batedeira.
numa espécie de batedeira.
01:34
The skipping rope
was like a steady timeline --
was like a steady timeline --
26
82619
2513
A corda de saltar
era uma linha do tempo estável
era uma linha do tempo estável
01:37
tick, tick, tick, tick --
27
85156
1517
— tick, tick, tick, tick —
01:38
upon which you can add rhymes
and rhythms and chants.
and rhythms and chants.
28
86697
4062
na qual se pode adicionar
rimas, ritmos e cantigas.
rimas, ritmos e cantigas.
01:42
Those ropes created a space
29
90783
2048
As cordas criaram um espaço
01:44
where we were able
to contribute to something
to contribute to something
30
92855
2222
onde nós podíamos
contribuir para algo
contribuir para algo
01:47
that was far greater
than the neighborhood.
than the neighborhood.
31
95101
2110
que ia muito para além do bairro.
01:49
Double Dutch jump rope remains
a powerful symbol of culture and identity
a powerful symbol of culture and identity
32
97602
3686
As cordas duplas permanecem
como um símbolo poderoso
como um símbolo poderoso
de cultura e identidade
para as mulheres negras.
para as mulheres negras.
01:53
for black women.
33
101312
1153
01:54
Back from the 1950s to the 1970s,
34
102489
2318
Dos anos 50 aos anos 70,
01:56
girls weren't supposed to play sports.
35
104831
2135
as raparigas não deviam
praticar desportos.
praticar desportos.
01:58
Boys played baseball,
basketball and football,
basketball and football,
36
106990
2801
Os rapazes jogavam basebol,
basquetebol e futebol
basquetebol e futebol
02:01
and girls weren't allowed.
37
109815
1341
e as raparigas não podiam.
02:03
A lot has changed, but in that era,
38
111180
2524
Muito mudou desde então,
mas naquela época
mas naquela época
02:05
girls would rule the playground.
39
113728
1841
as raparigas dominavam os recreios.
02:07
They'd make sure
that boys weren't a part of that.
that boys weren't a part of that.
40
115593
2420
Elas garantiam que os rapazes
não participavam.
não participavam.
02:10
It's their space, it's a girl-power space.
41
118037
2246
É o espaço delas,
o espaço do poder feminino.
o espaço do poder feminino.
02:12
It's where they get to shine.
42
120307
2096
É onde elas brilham.
Mas eu acho
que também é para rapazes
que também é para rapazes
02:14
But I also think it's for boys,
43
122427
1562
02:16
because boys overheard those,
44
124013
1476
porque eles ouviam as cantigas
02:17
which is why, I think,
so many hip-hop artists
so many hip-hop artists
45
125513
2444
e é por isso, penso eu,
que tantos artistas de hip-hop
que tantos artistas de hip-hop
02:19
sampled from things that they heard
in black girls' game songs.
in black girls' game songs.
46
127981
3296
usaram ritmos que ouviram
nas cantigas das raparigas negras.
nas cantigas das raparigas negras.
02:23
(Chanting) ... cold, thick shake,
act like you know how to flip,
act like you know how to flip,
47
131301
3076
♪ ... cold, thick shake,
act like you know how to flip,
act like you know how to flip,
♪ Filet-O-Fish, Quarter Pounder,
french fries, ice cold, thick shake
french fries, ice cold, thick shake
02:26
Filet-O-Fish, Quarter Pounder,
french fries, ice cold, thick shake,
french fries, ice cold, thick shake,
48
134401
3001
02:29
act like you know how to jump.
49
137426
1455
♪ act like you know how to jump.
02:30
Why "Country Grammar" by Nelly
became a Grammy Award-winning single
became a Grammy Award-winning single
50
138905
4020
A música "Country Grammar"
da Nelly ganhou um Grammy
da Nelly ganhou um Grammy
02:34
was because people already knew
51
142949
2358
porque as pessoas já a conheciam.
02:37
"We're going down down baby
your street in a Range Rover ... "
your street in a Range Rover ... "
52
145331
3475
♪ We're going down down baby
your street in a Range Rover ...
your street in a Range Rover ...
02:40
That's the beginning of "Down down, baby,
down down the roller coaster,
down down the roller coaster,
53
148830
3413
Isto é o inicio de "Down down, baby,
down down the roller coaster,
down down the roller coaster,
02:44
sweet, sweet baby, I'll never let you go."
54
152267
2429
♪ Sweet, sweet baby,
I'll never let you go."
I'll never let you go."
02:46
All people who grew up
in any black urban community
in any black urban community
55
154720
2849
Todos os que cresceram
numa comunidade negra urbana
numa comunidade negra urbana
02:49
would know that music.
56
157593
2285
conhecem esta música.
02:51
And so, it was a ready-made hit.
57
159902
2222
Então, tornou-se num êxito de imediato.
02:54
The Double Dutch rope playing
helped maintain these songs
helped maintain these songs
58
162656
4119
As cordas duplas ajudaram
a preservar estas músicas
a preservar estas músicas
02:58
and helped maintain the chants
and the gestures that go along with it,
and the gestures that go along with it,
59
166799
4001
e a preservar as cantigas
e os gestos que as acompanham,
e os gestos que as acompanham,
03:02
which is very natural
to what I call "kinetic orality" --
to what I call "kinetic orality" --
60
170824
4007
algo que é muito natural
ao que chamo de "oralidade cinética"
ao que chamo de "oralidade cinética"
03:06
word of mouth and word of body.
61
174855
1801
— passa de boca em boca
e da boca ao corpo.
e da boca ao corpo.
03:09
It's the thing that gets
passed down over generations.
passed down over generations.
62
177133
2873
É algo que é passado
de geração em geração.
de geração em geração.
03:12
In some ways, the rope
is the thing that helps carry it.
is the thing that helps carry it.
63
180030
2931
Em muitos casos, a corda
é o que ajuda a transmiti-lo.
é o que ajuda a transmiti-lo.
03:15
You need some object
to carry memory through.
to carry memory through.
64
183696
2873
É preciso ter um objecto
para transmitir a memória.
para transmitir a memória.
03:18
So, a jump rope, you can use it
for all different kinds of things.
for all different kinds of things.
65
186943
3944
A corda de saltar pode ser usada
para muitas coisas diferentes.
para muitas coisas diferentes.
03:22
It crosses cultures.
66
190911
1555
A corda atravessa culturas.
03:24
And I think it lasted
because people need to move.
because people need to move.
67
192490
4005
Penso que aguentou até hoje
porque as pessoas precisam de se mexer
porque as pessoas precisam de se mexer
03:28
And I think sometimes the simplest objects
can make the most creative uses.
can make the most creative uses.
68
196519
5387
E às vezes os objectos mais simples
podem ter os usos mais criativos.
podem ter os usos mais criativos.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kyra Gaunt - EthnomusicologistA member of the inaugural TED Fellows class, Dr. Kyra Gaunt is an ethnomusicologist, singer-songwriter, and a social media researcher on faculty at University at Albany, SUNY.
Why you should listen
Kyra Gaunt's book, The Games Black Girls Play: Learning the Ropes from Double-Dutch to Hip-Hop, published by NYU Press, won of the 2007 Alan Merriam Book Prize awarded by The Society for Ethnomusicology, which contributed to the emergence of black girlhood studies and hip-hop feminism. It also inspired a work by fellow TED Fellow Camille A. Brown, BLACK GIRL: Linguistic Play, which was nominated for a 2016 Bessie Award for Outstanding Production.
Gaunt's articles have appeared in Musical Quarterly, The Journal for Popular Music Studies and Parcours anthropologiques, and she has contributed chapters to I Was Born to Use Mics: Listening to Nas’ Illmatic and The Hip-hop & Obama Reader, among other publications.
Gaunt's scholarship has been funded by The Ford Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities and is a nationally- and internationally-recognized speaker. She also is a certified expert witness in federal and state cases on the unintended consequences of social media. She also continues to perform and record as a classically-trained, jazz vocalist and R&B singer-songwriter. Her original compositions are available on the CD Be the True Revolution available on iTunes and CDBaby.
Kyra Gaunt | Speaker | TED.com