TEDxBoston 2011
Richard Resnick: Welcome to the genomic revolution
Richard Resnick: Vitajte v genomickej revolúcii
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V tejto prístupnej prednáške z TEDxBoston ukazuje Richard Resnick ako lacné a rýchle sekvencovanie genómu obráti zdravotnú starostlivosť (a poistenie, a politiku) hore nohami.
Richard Resnick - Entrepreneur
Richard Resnick is on the front lines of the business of genomes, as CEO of GenomeQuest, a maker of genomic software. Full bio
Richard Resnick is on the front lines of the business of genomes, as CEO of GenomeQuest, a maker of genomic software. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Ladies and gentlemen,
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Dámy a páni,
00:17
I present to you the human genome.
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Predstavujem vám ľudský genóm.
00:20
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
00:23
Chromosome one, top left.
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Chromozóm jedna, vľavo hore.
00:25
Bottom right are the sex chromosomes.
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Vpravo dole sú chomozómy pohlavia.
00:27
Women have two copies of that big X chromosome;
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Ženy majú dve kópie toho veľkého X chromozómu;
00:29
men have the X
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muži majú X
00:31
and, of course, that small copy of the Y.
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a, samozrejme, tamtú malú kópiu Y.
00:33
Sorry boys, but it's just a tiny little thing that makes you different.
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Prepáčte chlapci, ale je to len malinká vec čo vás robí odlišnými.
00:37
So if you zoom in on this genome,
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Takže ak si priblížite tento genóm
00:40
then what you see, of course, is this double helix structure --
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tak to čo vidíte, samozrejme, je štruktúra dvojitej špirály --
00:43
the code of life spelled out with these four biochemical letters,
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kód života vyhláskovaný s týmito štyrmi biochemickými písmenami,
00:45
or we call them bases, right:
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alebo bázami, ako ich voláme,
00:47
A, C, G and T.
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A, C, G a T.
00:49
How many are there in the human genome? Three billion.
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Koľko ich je v ľudskom genóme? Tri miliardy.
00:51
Is that a big number?
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Je to veľké číslo?
00:53
Well, everybody can throw around big numbers.
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Dobre, každý sa vie oháňať veľkými číslami.
00:55
But in fact, if I were to place one base
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Ale v skutočnosti, ak by sme umiestnili jednu bázu
00:57
on each pixel of this 1280 by 800 resolution screen,
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na každý pixel tejto obrazovky s rozlíšenim 1280 na 800,
01:00
we would need 3,000 screens to take a look at the genome.
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potrebovali by sme 3000 obrazoviek, aby sme si mohli pozrieť genóm.
01:03
So it's really quite big.
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Takže je skutočne dosť veľký.
01:05
And perhaps because of its size,
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A pravdepodobne kvôli jeho veľkosti,
01:07
a group of people -- all, by the way, with Y chromosomes --
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skupina ľudi - mimochodom všetci majú Y chromozómy -
01:10
decided they would want to sequence it.
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sa rozhodla, že ho chce zmapovať.
01:12
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
01:14
And so 15 years, actually, and about four billion dollars later,
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A tak 15 rokov, a vlastne aj 4 miliardy dolárov neskôr,
01:17
the genome was sequenced and published.
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bol genóm zosekvencovaný a zverejnený.
01:19
In 2003, the final version was published, and they keep working on it.
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V roku 2003 bola zverejnená finálna verzia a stále na nej pracujú.
01:22
That was all done on a machine that looks like this.
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To všetko bolo spravené na počítači, ktorý vyzerá takto.
01:24
It costs about a dollar for each base --
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Stojí to približne dolár za každú bázu --
01:26
a very slow way of doing it.
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veľmi pomalý spôsob ako to urobiť.
01:28
Well folks, I'm here to tell you
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Ale priatelia, prišiel som vám povedať,
01:30
that the world has completely changed
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že svet sa úplne zmenil
01:32
and none of you know about it.
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a nikto z vás o tom nevie.
01:34
So now what we do is we take a genome,
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To, čo robíme teraz, je, že vezmeme genóm,
01:36
we make maybe 50 copies of it,
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spravíme jeho asi 50 kópií,
01:38
we cut all those copies up into little 50-base reads,
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rozrežeme všetky tie kópie na malé 50-bázové kúsky,
01:41
and then we sequence them, massively parallel.
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a potom ich sekvencujeme, úplne paralelne.
01:43
And then we bring that into software,
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A potom to zanesieme do softvéru,
01:45
and we reassemble it and we tell you what the story is.
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a poskladáme to a povieme vám, aký je príbeh.
01:47
And so just to give you a picture of what this looks like,
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A len na ukážku, ako to vyzerá,
01:50
the Human Genome Project: 3 gigabases, right.
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Projekt ľudského genómu: 3 gigabázy, správne.
01:52
One run on one of these machines:
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Jedno zbehnutie na týchto počítačoch:
01:54
200 gigabases in a week.
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200 gigabáz za týždeň.
01:57
And that 200 is going to change to 600 this summer,
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A tých 200 sa zmení na 600 už toto leto,
02:00
and there's no sign of this pace slowing.
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a nie je žiadny náznak, že by sa táto rýchlosť spomalila.
02:03
So the price of a base, to sequence a base,
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Takže cena jednej bázy, sekvencovania jednej bázy,
02:06
has fallen 100 million times.
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spadla 100milión krát.
02:09
That's the equivalent of you filling up your car with gas in 1998,
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To je rovnaké ako keby ste v roku 1998 natankovali plnú nádrž,
02:12
waiting until 2011,
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počkali do roku 2011,
02:14
and now you can drive to Jupiter and back twice.
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a teraz by ste mohli cestovať na Jupiter a späť dvakrát.
02:16
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:21
World population,
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Svetová populácia,
02:23
PC placements,
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rozšírenie počítačov,
02:25
the archive of all the medical literature,
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archív všetkej zdravotnej literatúry,
02:28
Moore's law,
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Moorov zákon,
02:30
the old way of sequencing, and here's all the new stuff.
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starý spôsob sekvencovania, a tu je nový.
02:33
Guys, this is a log scale;
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Ľudia, toto je logaritmická stupnica;
02:35
you don't typically see lines that go up like that.
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obvykle nevidíte čiary, ktoré idú takto hore.
02:38
So the worldwide capacity to sequence human genomes
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Takže svetová kapacita na sekvencovanie ľudských genómov
02:41
is something like 50,000 to 100,000 human genomes this year.
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je niekde medzi 50tisíc až 100tisíc ľudských genómov tento rok.
02:44
And we know this based on the machines that are being placed.
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A vieme to na základe počítačov, ktoré sú nasadzované.
02:47
This is expected to double, triple or maybe quadruple
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Očakáva sa, že sa to zdvojnásobí, strojnásobí alebo zoštvornásobí,
02:50
year over year for the foreseeable future.
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rok po roku v predvídateľnej budúcnosti.
02:52
In fact, there's one lab in particular
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V skutočnosti je jedno konkrétne laboratórium,
02:54
that represents 20 percent of all that capacity.
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ktoré predstavuje 20 percent celej kapacity.
02:57
It's called the Beijing Genomics Institute.
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Volá sa Pekingský genomický inštitút.
03:00
The Chinese are absolutely winning this race to the new Moon, by the way.
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Mimochodom Číňania absolútne vyhrávajú tento závod na nový Mesiac.
03:04
What does this mean for medicine?
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Čo to znamená pre medicínu?
03:06
So a woman is age 37.
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Tak žena má 37 rokov.
03:08
She presents with stage 2 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Prihlási sa v druhom štádiu rakoviny prsníkov s pozitívnymi estrogénovými receptormi.
03:12
She is treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.
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Je liečená operáciou, chemoterapiou a ožarovaním.
03:15
She goes home.
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Ide domov.
03:17
Two years later, she comes back with stage three C ovarian cancer.
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O dva roky neskôr sa vráti s 3C štádiom rakoviny vaječníkov.
03:20
Unfortunately, treated again with surgery and chemotherapy.
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Bohužiaľ, znovu je liečená operáciou a chemoterapiou.
03:23
She comes back three years later at age 42
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Vráti sa o 3 roky neskôr vo veku 42 rokov
03:25
with more ovarian cancer, more chemotherapy.
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s ďalšou rakovinou vaječníkov, ďalšia chemoterapia.
03:28
Six months later,
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O 6 mesiacov
03:30
she comes back with acute myeloid leukemia.
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sa vráti znovu s akútnou myeloidnou leukémiou.
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She goes into respiratory failure and dies eight days later.
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Zlyháva jej dýchanie a žena umiera o 8 dní neskôr.
03:37
So first, the way in which this woman was treated, in as little as 10 years,
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Tak predovšetkým, spôsob ako bola táto žena liečená, bude už o 10 rokov
03:40
will look like bloodletting.
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vyzerať ako púšťanie žilou.
03:43
And it's because of people like my colleague, Rick Wilson,
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A je to vďaka tomu, že ľudia ako môj kolega Rick Wilson
03:45
at the Genome Institute at Washington University,
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v Genomickom inštitútie Washingtonskej univerzity,
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who decided to take a look at this woman postmortem.
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sa rozhodli pozrieť na genóm tejto ženy po jej smrti.
03:50
And he sequenced, he took skin cells, healthy skin,
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A zosekvencoval, zobral kožné bunky zo zdravej kože,
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and cancerous bone marrow,
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a rakovinové bunky kostnej drene,
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and he sequenced the whole genomes of both of them
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a zosekvencoval celý genóm oboch.
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in a couple of weeks, no big deal.
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Za pár týždňov, žiadna veľká vec.
04:00
And then he compared those two genomes in software,
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A potom porovnal tie dva genómy softvérom,
04:02
and what he found, among other things,
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a to čo našiel, okrem iných vecí,
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was a deletion, a 2,000-base deletion
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bolo vymazanie, vymazanie 2000 báz
04:06
across three billion bases
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medzi tromi miliardami báz
04:08
in a particular gene called TP53.
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v konkrétnom géne nazvanom TP53.
04:10
If you have this deleterious mutation in this gene,
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Ak máte túto zhubnú mutáciu na tomto géne,
04:13
you're 90 percent likely to get cancer in your life.
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máte 90percetnú šancu dostať počas života rakovinu.
04:16
So unfortunately, this doesn't help this woman,
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Toto, žiaľ, nepomôže tejto žene,
04:18
but it does have severe, profound if you will,
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ale má to závažné, alebo hlboké ak chcete,
04:21
implications to her family.
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dôsledky na jej rodinu.
04:23
I mean, if they have the same mutation,
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Tým myslím, že ak majú rovnakú mutáciu,
04:25
and they get this genetic test, and they understand it,
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a spravia si genetický test, a pochopia ho,
04:28
then they can go and get regular screens, and they can catch cancer early
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môžu chodiť na pravidelné prehliadky a zachytiť rakovinu skoro
04:31
and potentially live a significantly longer life.
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a potenciálne žiť podstatne dlhší život.
04:33
Let me introduce you now to the Beery twins,
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Dovoľte mi predstaviť vám dvojičky Beeryové,
04:35
diagnosed with cerebral palsy at the age of two.
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ktorým bola vo veku 2 rokov stanovená diagnóza mozgová obrna.
04:37
Their mom is a very brave woman
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Ich mama je veľmi odvážna žena
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who didn't believe that the symptoms weren't matching up,
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ktorá neverila tomu, že symptómy nesedia,
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and through some heroic efforts and a lot of Internet searching,
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a vďaka hrdinskému úsiliu a intenzívnemu hľadaniu na internete
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she was able to convince the medical community
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bola schopná presvedčiť medicínsku obec,
04:46
that, in fact, they had something else.
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že v skutočnosti majú niečo iné.
04:48
What they had was dopa-responsive dystonia.
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To, čo mali, bola dopamín-responzívna dystónia.
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And so they were given L-Dopa,
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A tak keď dostali L-DOPA
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and their symptoms did improve,
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ich symptómy sa zlepšili,
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but they weren't totally asymptomatic.
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ale neboli úplne bez príznakov.
04:57
Significant problems remained.
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Značné problémy zostali.
04:59
Turns out the gentleman in this picture is a guy named Joe Beery,
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Ukázalo sa, že pán na tomto obrázku je muž menom Joe Beery,
05:01
who was lucky enough to be the CIO
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ktorý mal dosť šťastia na to, aby bol šéfom informatiky
05:03
of a company called Life Technologies.
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spoločnosti zvanej Life Technologies.
05:05
They're one of the two companies
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Sú jednou z dvoch spoločností,
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that makes these massive whole genome sequencing tools.
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ktoré robia tieto robustné nástroje na sekvencovanie celého genómu.
05:10
And so what he did was he got his kids sequenced.
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A tak dal svoje deti zosekvencovať.
05:13
And what they found was a series of mutations in a gene called SPR,
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A to, čo našli boli série mutácií na géne zvanom SPR,
05:16
which is responsible for producing serotonin, among other things.
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ktorý je, okrem iného, zodpovedný aj za produkciu serotonínu.
05:20
So on top of L-Dopa, they gave these kids a serotonin precursor drug,
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Tak navyše k L-Dopa dali týmto deťom aj serotonínový prekurzor,
05:23
and they're effectively normal now.
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a teraz sú prakticky normálne.
05:25
Guys, this would never have happened without whole genome sequencing.
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Ľudia, toto by sa nikdy nestalo bez sekvencovania celého genómu.
05:28
And at the time -- this was a few years ago -- it cost $100,000.
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A v tom čase -- bolo to pred pár rokmi -- to stálo 100.000 dolárov.
05:30
Today it's $10,000. Next year it's $1,000.
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Dnes je to 10.000 dolárov. Budúci rok 1.000.
05:32
The year after it's $100, give or take a year.
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Nasledujúci rok je to 100 dolárov, plus mínus rok.
05:34
That's how fast this is moving.
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Takto rýchlo sa to hýbe.
05:36
So here's little Nick --
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Takže tu je malý Nick --
05:38
likes Batman and squirt guns.
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má rád Batmana a vodné pištole.
05:41
And it turns out Nick shows up at the children's hospital
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A stalo sa, že Nick prišiel do detskej nemocnice
05:44
with this distended belly like a famine victim.
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s nafúknutým bruškom ako obeť hladomoru.
05:46
And it's not that he's not eating,
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A nie je to preto, že neje,
05:48
it's that when he eats, his intestine basically opens up
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je to preto, že keď je, jeho črevá sa v podstate otvoria
05:50
and feces spill out into his gut.
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a výkaly sa vylejú do jeho brucha.
05:52
So a hundred surgeries later,
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Tak o stovku operácií neskôr
05:54
he looks at his mom and says, "Mom,
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sa pozrie na svoju mamu a povie: "Mami,
05:57
please pray for me. I'm in so much pain."
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prosím, modli sa za mňa. Mám také veľké bolesti."
06:00
His pediatrician happens to have a background in clinical genetics
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Jeho detský lekár má náhodou vzdelanie v klinickej genetike
06:03
and he has no idea what's going on,
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a vôbec netuší, čo sa deje,
06:05
but he says, "Let's get this kid's genome sequenced."
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ale povie: "Poďme zosekvencovať genóm tohto dieťaťa."
06:07
And what they find is a single-point mutation
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A nájdu mu mutáciu na jednom mieste
06:09
in a gene responsible for controlling programmed cell death.
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v géne zodpovednom za kontrolu naprogramovanej smrti buniek.
06:12
So the theory is that he's having some immunological reaction
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Takže teória je, že má nejakú imunologickú reakciu
06:15
to what's going on to the food essentially,
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na to, čo sa deje s jedlom,
06:18
and that's a natural reaction, which causes some programmed cell death.
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a to je prirodzená reakcia, ktorá spôsobuje programovanú smrť buniek.
06:21
But the gene that regulates that down is broken.
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Ale gén, ktorý to reguluje, je pokazený.
06:23
And so this informs, among other things, of course,
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A toto inšpiruje, okrem iných vecí, samozrejme,
06:25
a treatment for bone marrow transplant, which he undertakes.
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liečbu transplantáciou kostnej drene, ktorú podstúpi.
06:28
And after nine months of grueling recovery,
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A po deviatich mesiacoch vyčerpávajúceho zotavovania,
06:30
he's now eating steak with A1 sauce.
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teraz jedáva steak s A1 omáčkou.
06:32
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
06:34
The prospect of using the genome
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Vyhliadky na využitie genómu
06:36
as a universal diagnostic
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ako univerzálnej diagnostiky
06:38
is upon us today.
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tu máme už dnes.
06:40
Today, it's here.
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Dnes, je to tu.
06:42
And what it means for all of us
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A znamená to pre nás všetkých,
06:44
is that everybody in this room could live an extra five, 10, 20 years
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že každý v tejto miestnosti môže žiť 5, 10, 20 rokov navyše,
06:47
just because of this one thing.
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a to len vďaka tejto jednej veci.
06:49
Which is a fantastic story,
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Čo je skvelý príbeh,
06:51
unless you think about humanity's footprint on the planet
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kým nerozmýšľate o stopách, ktoré ľudstvo zanecháva na planéte,
06:54
and our ability to keep up food production.
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a našej schopnosti udržať produkciu jedla.
06:56
So it turns out
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Takže sa ukazuje,
06:58
that the very same technology
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že presne táto technológia
07:00
is also being used to grow new lines
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je používaná aj na pestovanie nových druhov
07:02
of corn, wheat, soybean and other crops
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kukurice, pšenice, sóje a iných plodín
07:05
that are highly tolerant of drought, of flood,
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ktoré sú vysoko odolné suchám, povodniam,
07:07
of pests and pesticides.
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škodcom aj postrekom proti nim.
07:09
Now look, as long as we continue to increase the population,
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Pozrite, pokiaľ budeme pokračovať vo zväčšovaní populácie,
07:12
we're going to have to continue to grow and eat genetically modified foods,
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budeme musieť pokračovať v pestovaní a jedení geneticky modifikovaných jedál,
07:15
and that's the only position that I'll take today.
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a to je jediný postoj, ktorý tu dnes zaujmem.
07:18
Unless there's anybody in the audience
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Iba že by bol v hľadisku niekto,
07:20
that would like to volunteer to stop eating?
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kto by sa dobrovoľne prihlásil a prestal jesť?
07:22
None, not one.
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Nikto, ani jeden.
07:24
This is a typewriter,
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Toto je písací stroj,
07:26
a staple of every desktop for decades.
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bežná súčasť každého pracovného stola po desaťročia.
07:29
And in fact, the typewriter was essentially deleted by this thing.
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Ale písací stroj bol v podstate vymazaný touto vecou.
07:33
And then more general versions of word processors came about.
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A potom prišli univerzálnejšie verzie textových procesorov.
07:36
But ultimately, it was a disruption on top of a disruption.
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Ale nakoniec prišiel zlom zlomov.
07:39
It was Bob Metcalfe inventing the Ethernet
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Bol to Bob Metcalf, ktorý vynašiel Ethernet
07:41
and the connection of all these computers
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a prepojenie všetkých týchto počítačov,
07:43
that fundamentally changed everything.
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ktoré zmenilo všetko v základoch.
07:45
And suddenly we had Netscape, and we had Yahoo
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A zrazu sme mali Netscape, a mali sme Yahoo
07:48
and we had, indeed, the entire dotcom bubble.
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a mali sme, samozrejme, celú dotcom bublinu.
07:51
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
07:54
Not to worry though,
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Ale žiadny strach,
07:56
that was quickly rescued by the iPod, Facebook
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bolo to rýchlo zachránené iPodom, Facebookom
07:58
and, indeed, angry birds.
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a, samozrejme, hrou Angry Birds.
08:00
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
08:02
Look, this is where we are today.
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Pozrite, tu sme teraz.
08:05
This is the genomic revolution today. This is where we are.
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Toto je dnešná genomická revolúcia. Tu sme.
08:07
So what I'd like you to consider is:
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Takže chcem, aby ste uvažovali o tomto:
08:09
What does it mean
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Čo to znamená,
08:11
when these dots don't represent the individual bases of your genome,
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keď tieto body nepredstavujú individuálne bázy vášho genómu,
08:14
but they connect to genomes all across the planet?
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ale sú spojené s genómami po celej planéte?
08:17
So I just recently had to buy life insurance.
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Tak som si len pred nedávnom musel kúpiť životnú poistku.
08:19
And I was required to answer:
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A požadovali odo mňa odpoveď:
08:21
A. I have never had a genetic test, B. I've had one, here you go,
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A. Nikdy som nemal genetický test. B. Mal som, nech sa páči,
08:24
and C. I've had one and I'm not telling.
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a C. Mal som genetický test, ale neprezradím výsledky.
08:26
Thankfully, I was able to answer A,
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Našťastie som mohol odpovedať A,
08:28
and I say that honestly in case my life insurance agent is listening.
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a hovorím to čestne pre prípad, že počúva môj poistný agent.
08:31
But what would have happened if I had said C?
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Ale, čo by sa stalo, keby som povedal C?
08:34
Consumer applications for genomics, they will flourish.
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Spotrebiteľské aplikácie pre genomiku, tie budú prekvitať.
08:36
Do you want to see whether you're genetically compatible
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Chcete vidieť, či ste geneticky kompatibilný
08:38
with your girlfriend? Sure.
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s vašou priateľkou? Iste.
08:40
DNA sequencing on your iPhone? There's an app for that.
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DNA sekvencovanie na vašom iPhone? Je na to aplikácia.
08:43
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
08:45
Personalized genomic massage anyone?
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Dá si niekto personalizovanú genomickú masáž?
08:48
There's already a lab today
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Dnes už existuje laboratórium,
08:50
that tests for allele 334 of the AVPR1 gene,
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ktoré testuje alelu 334 z AVPR1 génu,
08:52
the so-called cheating gene.
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takzvaný gén podvádzania.
08:54
So anybody who's here today with your significant other,
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Takže každý, kto tu je dnes so svojou polovičkou,
08:58
just turn over to them and swab their mouth,
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len sa k nemu/nej otočte a spravte výter z úst,
09:00
send it to the lab and you'll know for sure.
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pošlite to do laboratória a budete si istí.
09:02
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
09:04
Do you really want to elect a president
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Chcete naozaj voliť prezidenta,
09:06
whose genome suggests cardiomyopathy?
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ktorého gény napovedajú poruchy srdca?
09:08
Now think of it, it's 2016
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Porozmýšľajte, je rok 2016
09:10
and the leading candidate releases
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a vedúci kandidát zverejní
09:11
not only her four years of back tax returns,
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nielen daňové priznania za 4 roky,
09:13
but also her personal genome.
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ale aj jej osobný genóm.
09:15
And it looks really good.
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A vyzerá to veľmi dobre.
09:17
And then she challenges all of her competitors to do the same.
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Potom vyzve všetkých svojich konkurentov, aby spravili to isté.
09:19
Do you think that's not going to happen?
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Myslíte si, že sa to nestane?
09:21
Do you think it would have helped John McCain?
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Myslíte si, že by to pomohlo Johnovi McCainovi?
09:23
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
09:25
How many people in the audience
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Koľko ľudí v hľadisku
09:27
have the last name Resnick like me? Raise your hand.
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má rovnaké priezvisko ako ja - Resnick? Zdvihnite ruku.
09:29
Anybody? Nobody.
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Niekto? Nikto.
09:31
Typically, there's one or two.
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Obvykle sa nájde jeden alebo dvaja.
09:33
So my father's father was one of 10 Resnick brothers.
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Môj otec bol jedným z 10 bratov Resnickových.
09:35
They all hated each other.
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Neznášali sa navzájom.
09:37
And they all moved to different parts of the planet.
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A všetci sa presťahovali do rôznych častí planéty.
09:39
So it's likely
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Takže je pravdepodobné,
09:41
that I'm related to every Resnick that I ever meet, but I don't know.
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že som príbuzný s každým Resnickom, s ktorým sa stretnem, ale neviem to.
09:44
But imagine if my genome were deidentified, sitting in software,
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Ale predstavte si, keby bol môj genóm zbavený identity a sedel niekde v softvéri,
09:47
and a third cousin's genome was also sitting there,
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a genóm bratranca z tretieho kolena by tam sedel tiež,
09:49
and there was software that could compare these two
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a keby bol softvér, ktorý by mohol porovnať tieto dva
09:51
and make these associations.
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a násť tieto spojenia.
09:53
Not hard to imagine. My company has software that does this right now.
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Nie je ťažké predstaviť si to. Moja spoločnosť má softvér, ktorý to robí práve teraz.
09:56
And so imagine one more thing:
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A tak si predstavujem ešte jednu vec:
09:58
that that software is able to ask both parties for mutual consents,
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že ten softvér sa vie oboch strán spýtať či súhlasia,
10:01
"Would you be willing to meet your third cousin?"
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"Boli by ste ochotný stretnúť bratranca z tretieho kolena?"
10:03
And if we both say yes,
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A ak by sme obaja povedali áno,
10:05
voila! Welcome to chromosomally LinkedIn.
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hľa! Vitajte v chromozómovom LinkedIn.
10:07
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
10:11
Now this is probably a good thing, right?
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Toto je asi dobrá vec, však?
10:13
You have bigger clan gatherings and so on.
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Môžete mať väčšie klanové stretnutia a tak ďalej.
10:15
But maybe it's a bad thing as well.
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Ale možno je to aj zlá vec.
10:17
How many fathers in the room? Raise your hands.
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Koľko je v tejto miestnosti otcov? Zodvihnite ruky.
10:19
Okay, so experts think that one to three percent of you
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V poriadku, takže experti si myslia, že 1 - 3% z vás
10:22
are not actually the father of your child.
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nie sú v skutočnosti otcom svojho dieťaťa.
10:24
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
10:26
Look --
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Pozrite --
10:28
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
10:32
These genomes, these 23 chromosomes,
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Tieto genómy, týchto 23 chromozómov,
10:35
they don't in any way represent the quality of our relationships
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žiadnym spôsobom nepredstavujú kvalitu našich vzťahov
10:38
or the nature of our society -- at least not yet.
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alebo podstatu našej spoločnosti -- aspoň nie zatiaľ.
10:40
And like any new technology,
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A ako pri každej novej technológii,
10:42
it's really in humanity's hands
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je plne v rukách ľudstva
10:44
to wield it for the betterment of mankind, or not.
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používať ju na zdokonalenie ľudstva, alebo nie.
10:47
And so I urge you all to wake up and to tune in
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A preto vám zdôrazňujem, aby ste sa zobudili a naladili
10:50
and to influence the genomic revolution that's happening all around you.
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a ovplyvnili genomickú revolúciu, ktorá sa okolo vás deje.
10:53
Thank you.
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Ďakujem
10:55
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Richard Resnick - EntrepreneurRichard Resnick is on the front lines of the business of genomes, as CEO of GenomeQuest, a maker of genomic software.
Why you should listen
Richard Resnick is CEO of GenomeQuest , a company that builds software to support genomic medicine -- research and individualized treatments that take advantage of cheap and accessible genome processing. He was previously CEO of Mosaic Bioinformatics; before becoming a bio-entrepreneur, he was a member of the Human Genome Project under Eric Lander at MIT.
Richard Resnick | Speaker | TED.com