ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TED-Ed

Chris Anderson (TED): Questions no one knows the answers to

Filmed:
17,835,841 views

In a new TED-Ed series designed to catalyze curiosity, TED Curator Chris Anderson shares his obsession with questions that no one (yet) knows the answers to. A short intro leads into two questions: Why can't we see evidence of alien life? on.ted.com/AlienLife and How many universes are there? on.ted.com/HowMany ... Find more TED-Ed videos on our new YouTube channel: youtube.com/TEDEd.
- TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

(音乐)
在学校,普通的一天里,
00:15
On a typical典型 day at school学校,
0
15448
2675
无尽的时间要花在怎么去回答问题上,
00:18
endless无穷 hours小时 are spent花费 learning学习
the answers答案 to questions问题,
1
18147
4584
但是现在,我们不这么做了。
00:22
but right now, we'll do the opposite对面.
2
22755
2296
我们将把目光放在那些你不能够学到答案的问题上,
00:26
We're going to focus焦点 on questions问题
where you can't learn学习 the answers答案
3
26384
3143
因为它们是未知的。
00:29
because they're unknown未知.
4
29551
1425
我曾经在孩童时期对很多事情都有疑惑,
00:31
I used to puzzle难题 about a lot of things
as a boy男孩, for example:
5
31320
5318
比如说,做一只狗会有什么样的生活呢?
00:36
What would it feel like to be a dog?
6
36662
2415
鱼会感觉到疼痛么?
00:39
Do fish feel pain疼痛?
7
39101
1875
昆虫会不会呢?
00:41
How about insects昆虫?
8
41412
1450
难道宇宙大爆炸仅仅是个意外么?
00:43
Was the Big Bang just an accident事故?
9
43784
2864
上帝真的是存在的么?
00:47
And is there a God?
10
47607
1369
00:49
And if so, how are we so sure
that it's a He and not a She?
11
49000
4533
如果存在的话,我们怎么能够确定上帝是男的还是女的呢?
为什么世界上这么多的无辜的人和动物要遭受一些可怕的事情?
00:53
Why do so many许多 innocent无辜 people
and animals动物 suffer遭受 terrible可怕 things?
12
53557
3185
我的生活真的是被计划好的么?
00:57
Is there really a plan计划 for my life?
13
57544
1920
未来是还没被决定的呢,
01:00
Is the future未来 yet然而 to be written书面,
14
60596
1751
还是说未来是已经被写好了的,只不过我们看不见?
01:02
or is it already已经 written书面
and we just can't see it?
15
62371
3393
然后,我有自由的意志么?我到底是谁呢?
01:05
But then, do I have free自由 will?
I mean, who am I anyway无论如何?
16
65788
2944
我仅仅是一台生物机器么?
01:08
Am I just a biological生物 machine?
17
68756
1524
然后,我为什么会有意识呢?意识又是什么东西?
01:11
But then, why am I conscious意识?
What is consciousness意识?
18
71371
3285
机器人以后也会有意识么?
01:15
Will robots机器人 become成为 conscious意识 one day?
19
75768
1937
我是说,我稍微假设一下,在某一天
01:19
I mean, I kind of assumed假定 that some day
20
79291
2406
我会有这些问题的答案,
01:21
I would be told the answers答案
to all these questions问题.
21
81721
2656
那么肯定是有人知道答案的对吧?
01:25
Someone有人 must必须 know, right?
22
85557
1844
你猜猜?没有人知道。
01:28
Guess猜测 what? No one knows知道.
23
88517
2309
大部分这些问题带给我的困扰与日俱增。
01:32
Most of those questions问题
puzzle难题 me more now than ever.
24
92167
3593
但是探索这些问题答案的过程真的很有趣
01:35
But diving潜水 into them is exciting扣人心弦
25
95784
2503
因为它带你到了知识的边缘,你永远不知道你将在那里发现什么。
01:38
because it takes you
to the edge边缘 of knowledge知识,
26
98311
2283
01:40
and you never know what you'll你会 find there.
27
100618
2000
所以,这里有两个问题——
01:43
So, two questions问题 that no one
on Earth地球 knows知道 the answer回答 to.
28
103921
5576
这两个问题地球上没有人可以回答出来。
(音乐)世界上有多少的宇宙呢?
01:50
(Music音乐)
29
110704
1685
01:52
[How many许多 universes宇宙 are there?]
30
112413
3699
有时候, 当我坐在远途飞行的飞机上,
01:57
Sometimes有时 when I'm on a long plane平面 flight飞行,
31
117812
2164
02:00
I gaze凝视 out at all those
mountains and deserts沙漠
32
120000
2868
我会向外俯瞰那些山川和沙漠
然后尝试着猜测我们的地球到底有多广袤无垠。
02:02
and try to get my head
around how vast广大 our Earth地球 is.
33
122892
2702
接着我记得我们每天都能看见一个物体的出现,
02:06
And then I remember记得
that there's an object目的 we see every一切 day
34
126608
2762
它还可以装进一百万个地球:
02:09
that would literally按照字面 fit适合
one million百万 Earths地球 inside it:
35
129394
3598
太阳。它看起来真的是不可思议般的大!
02:13
the Sun太阳.
36
133016
1016
02:14
It seems似乎 impossibly不可能 big.
37
134056
1610
但是在浩瀚的宇宙中,它不过一个针孔大小而已,
02:15
But in the great scheme方案
of things, it's a pinprick针刺,
38
135690
3460
是银河系中四千亿星星的一员,
02:19
one of about 400 billion十亿 stars明星
in the Milky乳白色 Way galaxy星系,
39
139174
3944
正如你可以在晴朗的晚上
02:23
which哪一个 you can see on a clear明确 night
40
143142
2052
看到满天的星星好似淡淡的白雾
02:25
as a pale苍白 white白色 mist薄雾
stretched拉伸 across横过 the sky天空.
41
145218
2143
然而更令人惊叹的是, 通过天文望远镜我们可以
02:28
And it gets得到 worse更差.
42
148511
1099
02:29
There are maybe 100 billion十亿 galaxies星系
detectable检测 by our telescopes望远镜.
43
149634
3285
探测到大约一千亿个的星系。
所以如果每个星星都是沙子中的一粒的话,
02:33
So if each star was the size尺寸
of a single grain粮食 of sand,
44
153758
4279
仅仅银河系就有足够的星星让
02:38
just the Milky乳白色 Way has enough足够 stars明星
45
158061
2000
一个30英尺长30英尺宽的沙滩
02:40
to fill a 30-foot-脚丫子 by 30-foot-脚丫子
stretch伸展 of beach海滩
46
160085
2658
盖上3英尺厚。
02:42
three feet deep with sand.
47
162767
1841
整个地球上的沙滩甚至还不能
02:45
And the entire整个 Earth地球
doesn't have enough足够 beaches海滩
48
165903
2702
代表宇宙中所有的星星。
02:48
to represent代表 the stars明星
in the overall总体 universe宇宙.
49
168629
2610
这样的一个沙滩会大约绵延几亿英里长。
02:51
Such这样 a beach海滩 would continue继续 for literally按照字面
hundreds数以百计 of millions百万 of miles英里.
50
171263
3551
天啊,史蒂芬 霍金,这可是超级多的星星啊!
02:55
Holy Stephen斯蒂芬 Hawking霍金,
that is a lot of stars明星.
51
175791
3185
但是他还有其他物理学家现在相信事实上
02:59
But he and other physicists物理学家
now believe in a reality现实
52
179968
2924
还会比现在的大不知道多少,完全没法想象。
03:02
that is unimaginably超乎想象 bigger still.
53
182916
2183
我的意思是,首先,这些我们可以观测到的一千亿星系
03:06
I mean, first of all,
the 100 billion十亿 galaxies星系
54
186002
2182
03:08
within range范围 of our telescopes望远镜
55
188208
1508
可能不过是总数的很小一部分。
03:09
are probably大概 a minuscule微不足道
fraction分数 of the total.
56
189740
2589
空间现在仍在在加速拓展。
03:12
Space空间 itself本身 is expanding扩大
at an accelerating加速 pace步伐.
57
192353
4002
绝大部分的星系
03:16
The vast广大 majority多数 of the galaxies星系
58
196379
2379
正在以一个比光还要快的速度离我们而去,他们的光都不可能到达地球。
03:18
are separating分离 from us so fast快速
that light from them may可能 never reach达到 us.
59
198782
3607
但是,事实上我们地球上的物理现象
03:23
Still, our physical物理 reality现实 here on Earth地球
60
203257
2724
是和那些遥远的看不见的星系有着很密切的关系。
03:26
is intimately密切 connected连接的
to those distant遥远, invisible无形 galaxies星系.
61
206005
3932
我们可以把它们看作宇宙中的一部分。
03:29
We can think of them
as part部分 of our universe宇宙.
62
209961
2195
它们组成了一个巨大的宏伟建筑物
03:32
They make up a single, giant巨人 edifice大厦
63
212744
2232
03:35
obeying服从 the same相同 physical物理 laws法律
and all made制作 from the same相同 types类型 of atoms原子,
64
215000
3460
所有的建筑物里的物质都遵循相同的物理定律,由相同的微粒组成, 原子, 电子,质子,
夸克,中微子——那些形成了我们的微粒。
03:38
electrons电子, protons质子, quarks夸克, neutrinos中微子,
that make up you and me.
65
218484
3537
然而,物理学最近的理论显示,包括弦理论,
03:42
However然而, recent最近 theories理论 in physics物理,
including包含 one called string theory理论,
66
222690
4279
告诉我们世界上可能会有数不完的其他宇宙
03:46
are now telling告诉 us there could be
countless无数 other universes宇宙
67
226993
2983
03:50
built内置 on different不同 types类型 of particles粒子,
68
230000
1976
由不同于我们的宇宙的微粒组成,
03:52
with different不同 properties性能,
obeying服从 different不同 laws法律.
69
232000
2381
有不同的性质,遵循不同的规律。
大部分的宇宙可能永远不能产生生命,
03:54
Most of these universes宇宙
could never support支持 life,
70
234928
2508
或者生命在一纳秒内存在然后消失了。
03:57
and might威力 flash in and out
of existence存在 in a nanosecond纳秒.
71
237460
2976
但是,无论如何,它们组成了巨大的多元宇宙,
04:01
But nonetheless尽管如此,, combined结合,
they make up a vast广大 multiverse多重宇宙
72
241085
3475
可能一共有11维,
04:04
of possible可能 universes宇宙
in up to 11 dimensions尺寸,
73
244584
3038
在我们的想象力之外创造着奇迹。
04:07
featuring特色 wonders奇迹
beyond our wildest最疯狂 imagination想像力.
74
247646
3734
领先的弦理论预测一个多元宇宙
04:12
The leading领导 version of string theory理论
predicts预测 a multiverse多重宇宙
75
252206
2873
可以组成10的500次方个不同的宇宙。
04:15
made制作 up of 10 to the 500 universes宇宙.
76
255103
1873
04:17
That's a one followed其次 by 500 zeros,
77
257000
3869
就是1后面跟著500个0,
这个数字是如此之大以至于我们观测宇宙中的
04:20
a number so vast广大 that if every一切 atom原子
78
260892
2402
每个原子都有自己的宇宙,
04:23
in our observable可观察 universe宇宙
had its own拥有 universe宇宙,
79
263318
4106
所有的宇宙中的所有原子都有
04:27
and all of the atoms原子
in all those universes宇宙 each had
80
267448
2429
自己的宇宙。你再重复
04:29
their own拥有 universe宇宙,
81
269901
1983
04:32
and you repeated重复 that for two more cycles周期,
82
272000
2322
两次同样的循环,你得到的仍然是
04:34
you'd still be at a tiny
fraction分数 of the total,
83
274346
3401
总数的一小部分,
也就是大约10的180次方分之一。
04:37
namely亦即, one trillion trillion trillion
trillion trillion trillion trillion
84
277771
3477
04:41
trillion trillion trillion trillion
trillion trillion trillion trillionth万亿.
85
281272
4736
即便是这个数字,
04:46
(Laughter笑声)
86
286421
1313
04:47
But even that number
is minuscule微不足道 compared相比 to another另一个 number:
87
287758
4465
相比另一个数字也是小数目:
无限。
04:53
infinity无穷.
88
293012
1008
部分物理学家认为时空连续到几乎是无限的
04:54
Some physicists物理学家 think the space-time时空
continuum连续 is literally按照字面 infinite无穷
89
294488
3191
它包括了无限的所谓的子宇宙
04:57
and that it contains包含 an infinite无穷 number
of so-called所谓 pocket口袋 universes宇宙
90
297703
3377
和所有的可能。
05:01
with varying不同 properties性能.
91
301104
1143
你的大脑现在怎么样了?
05:03
How's怎么样 your brain doing?
92
303107
1129
量子理论给了我们一个全新的视野。
05:05
Quantum量子 theory理论 adds增加 a whole整个 new wrinkle皱纹.
93
305061
1915
05:07
I mean, the theory's理论的 been proven证明
true真正 beyond all doubt怀疑,
94
307000
2652
我的意思是,这个理论证明了所有的疑惑,
但是证明和解释起来却非常的困难,
05:09
but interpreting解读 it is baffling莫名其妙,
95
309676
2209
有些物理学家认为要解释疑惑就
05:11
and some physicists物理学家 think
you can only un-baffle联合国挡板 it
96
311909
3097
必须要你想象世界上有无数的平行宇宙
05:15
if you imagine想像 that huge巨大 numbers数字
of parallel平行 universes宇宙
97
315030
2602
在每个瞬间都在像产卵一样分化,
05:17
are being存在 spawned催生 every一切 moment时刻,
98
317656
2581
这些宇宙中有许多会跟我们所在的世界很相似,
05:20
and many许多 of these universes宇宙 would actually其实
be very like the world世界 we're in,
99
320261
3524
并且会有多个你这个人的副本。
05:23
would include包括 multiple copies副本 of you.
100
323809
2152
在这些宇宙中,你会以荣誉学位毕业
05:25
In one such这样 universe宇宙,
you'd graduate毕业 with honors荣誉
101
325985
2506
并且嫁给一位梦中情人,
05:28
and marry结婚 the person of your dreams,
and in another另一个, not so much.
102
328515
4052
而在另一个宇宙中的你,活的不那么好。
好吧,仍然会有一些科学家会说,这是废话。
05:33
Well, there are still some scientists科学家们
who would say, hogwash泔水.
103
333293
2984
这里唯一有意义的回答:世界上有多少宇宙的答案是一个。
05:36
The only meaningful富有意义的 answer回答 to the question
of how many许多 universes宇宙 there are is one.
104
336301
3905
仅仅一个宇宙。
05:40
Only one universe宇宙.
105
340822
1154
有少部分哲学家和神学家
05:42
And a few少数 philosophers哲学家
and mystics神秘主义者 might威力 argue争论
106
342678
3198
会说即便我们的宇宙也是幻觉, 不真实存在的。
05:45
that even our own拥有 universe宇宙 is an illusion错觉.
107
345900
2649
所以,你可以看到,现在
05:49
So, as you can see, right now
108
349672
1381
世界上没有对于这个问题的统一回答,甚至还没有可以回答的迹象
05:51
there is no agreement协议
on this question, not even close.
109
351077
3671
我们只知道这个答案介于0到无穷大之间。
05:54
All we know is the answer回答 is somewhere某处
between之间 zero and infinity无穷.
110
354772
3487
让我们来说一下另一件事。
05:59
Well, I guess猜测 we know one other thing.
111
359173
1974
这是一个非常有趣的学习物理的机会。
06:01
This is a pretty漂亮 cool time
to be studying研究 physics物理.
112
361782
3194
06:05
We just might威力 be undergoing经历
the biggest最大 paradigm范例 shift转移 in knowledge知识
113
365000
3653
我们可能正在经历人类史上
最大的知识范例变动。
06:08
that humanity人性 has ever seen看到.
114
368677
1811
06:10
(Music音乐)
115
370512
2699
(音乐)为什么我们看不到外星人的迹象?
06:14
[Why can't we see evidence证据 of alien外侨 life?]
116
374609
2800
在浩瀚宇宙的某一处,
06:17
Somewhere某处 out there in that vast广大 universe宇宙
117
377704
3149
肯定会有个地方会有无数的星球在大量的孕育出生命。
06:20
there must必须 surely一定 be countless无数
other planets行星 teeming丰富的 with life.
118
380877
3060
但是为什么我们就看不到那些迹象呢?
06:23
But why don't we see any evidence证据 of it?
119
383961
2015
这个著名问题在1950年由Enrico Fermi提出:
06:27
Well, this is the famous著名 question
asked by Enrico恩里科 Fermi费米 in 1950:
120
387265
3000
其他生命到底在哪里?
06:30
Where is everybody每个人?
121
390289
1478
阴谋论的理论家认为不明飞行物经常飞到地球来
06:33
Conspiracy阴谋 theorists理论家 claim要求 that UFOs不明飞行物
are visiting访问 all the time
122
393006
3814
并且有关的报告被隐藏了,但是说实话,这个并不能令人信服。
06:36
and the reports报告 are just being存在 covered覆盖 up,
123
396844
2146
06:39
but honestly老老实实, they aren't very convincing使人信服.
124
399014
2844
但这就留下了一个谜。
06:41
But that leaves树叶 a real真实 riddle谜语.
125
401882
1429
在过去的时间里,开普勒空间瞭望台
06:44
In the past过去 year,
the Kepler开普勒 space空间 observatory天文台
126
404330
2690
发现了几百颗行星在恒星附近环绕。
06:47
has found发现 hundreds数以百计 of planets行星
just around nearby附近 stars明星.
127
407044
2881
如果外推一下这个数据,
06:50
And if you extrapolate推断 that data数据,
128
410580
1731
这好像是有5000亿个行星
06:52
it looks容貌 like there could
be half a trillion planets行星
129
412335
3362
在银河系中。
06:55
just in our own拥有 galaxy星系.
130
415721
1365
如果有万分之一的行星有条件
06:58
If any one in 10,000 has conditions条件
131
418267
2087
孕育生命,这依然有
07:00
that might威力 support支持 a form形成 of life,
132
420378
2598
07:03
that's still 50 million百万 possible可能
life-harboring窝藏生命的 planets行星
133
423000
2976
五千万适合生命的行星。
07:06
right here in the Milky乳白色 Way.
134
426000
1515
这仅仅是在银河系。
所以这个谜就是:我们地球的存在
07:08
So here's这里的 the riddle谜语:
135
428551
1688
07:10
our Earth地球 didn't form形成
136
430263
1636
是在大爆炸的九十亿年之后。
07:11
until直到 about nine billion十亿 years年份
after the Big Bang.
137
431923
2593
无数的银河系内其他行星会在地球之前形成
07:15
Countless无数 other planets行星 in our galaxy星系
should have formed形成 earlier,
138
435685
3408
并且让生命可以进化。
07:19
and given特定 life a chance机会 to get underway进行
139
439117
2318
它们要比地球早几十亿年,或者最起码早几百万年
07:21
billions数十亿, or certainly当然 many许多 millions百万
of years年份 earlier than happened发生 on Earth地球.
140
441459
4801
就已经出现了。
如果只有一少部分生命进化出了有智慧的
07:27
If just a few少数 of them
had spawned催生 intelligent智能 life
141
447268
2709
和可以创造科技的生命,
07:30
and started开始 creating创建 technologies技术,
142
450001
2544
那些科技将会有几百万年的时间
07:32
those technologies技术 would have
had millions百万 of years年份
143
452569
3240
去发展出对应的复杂度和能力。
07:35
to grow增长 in complexity复杂 and power功率.
144
455833
2004
在地球上,
07:39
On Earth地球,
145
459166
1579
我们见证了科技在仅仅100年内
07:40
we've我们已经 seen看到 how dramatically显着
technology技术 can accelerate加速
146
460769
2871
是怎样急剧发展的。
07:43
in just 100 years年份.
147
463664
1361
在数百万年内,一个有智慧的外星文明
07:46
In millions百万 of years年份,
an intelligent智能 alien外侨 civilization文明
148
466407
3569
肯定可以轻易地发展到银河系的每一个角落,
07:50
could easily容易 have spread传播 out
across横过 the galaxy星系,
149
470000
2707
或许发明了巨型能源捕获机这样的东西。
07:52
perhaps也许 creating创建 giant巨人
energy-harvesting能量收集 artifacts文物
150
472731
3383
或者是殖民飞行舰队
07:56
or fleets车队 of colonizing殖民 spaceships飞船
151
476138
2401
或者是充满了夜晚天空的辉煌艺术作品。
07:59
or glorious辉煌 works作品 of art艺术
that fill the night sky天空.
152
479104
2635
至少你想它们也会
08:03
At the very least最小, you'd think
they'd他们会 be revealing揭示 their presence存在,
153
483000
3129
把它们的存在,有意或无意的,
08:06
deliberately故意 or otherwise除此以外,
154
486153
1330
通过一种或其他的电磁信号告诉我们。
08:07
through通过 electromagnetic电磁 signals信号
of one kind or another另一个.
155
487507
2953
但是现在没有充分证据显示有任何一种文明。
08:11
And yet然而 we see no convincing使人信服
evidence证据 of any of it.
156
491271
2509
为什么呢?
08:13
Why?
157
493804
1012
08:16
Well, there are numerous众多 possible可能 answers答案,
some of them quite相当 dark黑暗.
158
496000
4639
这里会有很多可能的答案,
其中有些相当消极。
可能一个非常有智能的文明
08:21
Maybe a single,
superintelligent超智 civilization文明
159
501331
2645
08:24
has indeed确实 taken采取 over the galaxy星系
160
504000
3101
已经占领了整个银河系并且故意把辐射波屏蔽了,
08:27
and has imposed征收 strict严格 radio无线电 silence安静
161
507125
2522
因为它们害怕潜在的竞争对手。
08:29
because it's paranoid偏执
of any potential潜在 competitors竞争对手.
162
509671
2570
他们可能就坐等去消灭
08:32
It's just sitting坐在 there
ready准备 to obliterate
163
512926
2901
任何可能成为隐患的东西。
08:35
anything that becomes a threat威胁.
164
515851
1717
或者它们还不够聪明,
08:39
Or maybe they're not that intelligent智能,
165
519010
1966
或者可能在进化出一个
08:42
or perhaps也许 the evolution演化
of an intelligence情报
166
522299
2652
能够创造复杂科技的智能生物
08:44
capable of creating创建
sophisticated复杂的 technology技术
167
524975
2048
是远比我们想象的要难。总而言之,
08:47
is far rarer罕见的 than we've我们已经 assumed假定.
168
527047
1970
08:49
After all, it's only happened发生 once一旦
on Earth地球 in four billion十亿 years年份.
169
529041
4783
在40亿年智能生物至此只在地球发生过一次。
或许这是巧合的巧合。
08:53
Maybe even that was incredibly令人难以置信 lucky幸运.
170
533848
2128
或许我们是银河系内第一个有如此程度文明的。
08:56
Maybe we are the first
such这样 civilization文明 in our galaxy星系.
171
536452
3127
或者,可能
09:01
Or, perhaps也许 civilization文明 carries携带 with it
the seeds种子 of its own拥有 destruction毁坏
172
541042
5458
文明携带毁灭自己文化的种子
这些种子通过以不能控制自己科技进步的方式衍生着。
09:06
through通过 the inability无力 to control控制
the technologies技术 it creates创建.
173
546524
2858
但这里有更多充满希望的答案。
09:11
But there are numerous众多
more hopeful有希望 answers答案.
174
551478
2122
作为开始,我们没有努力去搜索它们,我们只是花了很少一部分钱而已。
09:13
For a start开始, we're not looking that hard,
175
553624
1997
09:15
and we're spending开支
a pitiful可怜 amount of money on it.
176
555645
2381
仅仅是银河系中的很小一部分行星
09:18
Only a tiny fraction分数
of the stars明星 in our galaxy星系
177
558547
3300
被我们仔细研究了它们的使我们感兴趣的信号。
09:21
have really been looked看着 at closely密切
for signs迹象 of interesting有趣 signals信号.
178
561871
3191
或许我们没有找对方向。
09:26
And perhaps也许 we're not looking
the right way.
179
566144
2118
可能一个文明发展得
09:29
Maybe as civilizations文明 develop发展,
180
569000
1976
09:31
they quickly很快 discover发现
communication通讯 technologies技术
181
571000
2286
太快以致于它们使用一些
比电磁波更加复杂有用的信号。
09:33
far more sophisticated复杂的 and useful有用
than electromagnetic电磁 waves波浪.
182
573310
3666
可能所有的活动都是在谜一般的
09:38
Maybe all the action行动 takes place地点
inside the mysterious神秘
183
578183
3300
最近发现的暗物质里发生的。
09:41
recently最近 discovered发现 dark黑暗 matter,
184
581507
2017
或者是揭示了宇宙大部分质量的暗能量,
09:43
or dark黑暗 energy能源, that appear出现 to account帐户
for most of the universe's宇宙 mass.
185
583548
3789
或者
可能我们找错了大小范围。
09:49
Or, maybe we're looking
at the wrong错误 scale规模.
186
589348
2628
09:52
Perhaps也许 intelligent智能
civilizations文明 come to realize实现
187
592000
2976
可能智能文明意识到了
09:55
that life is ultimately最终
just complex复杂 patterns模式 of information信息
188
595000
2810
生命最终不过是复杂的信息模式
互相以一种美丽的方式作用于其他个体,
09:57
interacting互动 with each other
in a beautiful美丽 way,
189
597834
2204
它们可能在更小的情况下表现的更加有效率。
10:00
and that that can happen发生 more
efficiently有效率的 at a small scale规模.
190
600062
2777
所以,就像笨重的音响系统变小了,
10:03
So, just as on Earth地球,
clunky笨重 stereo立体声 systems系统 have shrunk压缩
191
603379
2597
10:06
to beautiful美丽, tiny iPodsiPod播放器,
maybe intelligent智能 life itself本身,
192
606000
2976
变成精致小巧的ipods;或者是智能生物本身变小,
10:09
in order订购 to reduce减少 its footprint脚印
on the environment环境,
193
609000
2724
这样可以减少在环境中留下的足迹,让他们变成微观物体。
10:11
has turned转身 itself本身 microscopic显微.
194
611748
1943
所以,在太阳系可能充满了外星人,只不过我们没发现而已。
10:13
So the Solar太阳能 System系统
might威力 be teeming丰富的 with aliens外星人,
195
613715
2309
10:16
and we're just not noticing注意到 them.
196
616048
1605
可能我们脑中的那个想法就是一种外星生命的形式。
10:17
Maybe the very ideas思路 in our heads
are a form形成 of alien外侨 life.
197
617677
2999
好吧,真是一个疯狂的想法。
10:21
Well, okay, that's a crazy thought.
198
621580
2670
外星人让我说的。
10:24
The aliens外星人 made制作 me say it.
199
624274
1325
但这个好想法的确有自己的一套生命的解释
10:26
But it is cool that ideas思路 do seem似乎
to have a life all of their own拥有
200
626445
3778
而且它们比它们的创造者活得更久。
10:30
and that they outlive活得比 their creators创作者.
201
630247
2471
可能生命体只是一个转瞬即逝的阶段。
10:33
Maybe biological生物 life
is just a passing通过 phase.
202
633724
3323
好吧,在未来的15年内,
10:39
Well, within the next下一个 15 years年份,
203
639459
1517
10:41
we could start开始 seeing眼看
real真实 spectroscopic光谱 information信息
204
641000
2976
我们可以开始看到真正的光谱学信息
10:44
from promising有希望 nearby附近 planets行星
205
644000
1810
从附近有希望的行星开始去揭示一个星球有多适合居住。
10:45
that will reveal揭示 just
how life-friendly生活友好 they might威力 be.
206
645834
2536
另一方面,有个叫做"搜寻外星智能生物"的组织,也叫SETI,
10:48
And meanwhile与此同时, SETISETI, the Search搜索
for Extraterrestrial外星人 Intelligence情报,
207
648394
3582
10:52
is now releasing释放 its data数据 to the public上市
208
652000
1976
现在把自己的数据公之于众,
10:54
so that millions百万 of citizen公民 scientists科学家们,
maybe including包含 you,
209
654000
2976
这样成百万计的科学家,可能也包括你,
10:57
can bring带来 the power功率 of the crowd人群
to join加入 the search搜索.
210
657000
2477
可以发动群众的力量去加入这个搜索。
并且在地球,人们在做一种神奇的实验
11:00
And here on Earth地球, amazing惊人 experiments实验
211
660582
2014
去寻找随机创造出生命,
11:02
are being存在 doneDONE to try
to create创建 life from scratch,
212
662620
2356
11:05
life that might威力 be very different不同
from the DNA脱氧核糖核酸 forms形式 we know.
213
665000
3694
而且它们的DNA会跟我们有很大不同。
所有的这些会让我们了解
11:09
All of this will help us understand理解
whether是否 the universe宇宙 is teeming丰富的 with life
214
669320
4656
这个宇宙是不是充满了生命
11:14
or whether是否, indeed确实, it's just us.
215
674000
3828
或者,真的,只有我们。
任何一个答案,就它们本身而言,
11:19
Either answer回答, in its own拥有 way,
216
679823
2485
都是令人惊讶的,
11:22
is awe-inspiring凛然,
217
682332
1846
因为即便只有我们存在,
11:25
because even if we are alone单独,
218
685407
1569
11:27
the fact事实 that we think and dream梦想
and ask these questions问题
219
687000
4531
这些思考与梦想,这些疑问本身,
可能会变成宇宙中最重要的事实之一。
11:31
might威力 yet然而 turn out to be
220
691555
1592
11:33
one of the most important重要 facts事实
about the universe宇宙.
221
693171
2381
我还有一个好消息给你。
11:36
And I have one more piece
of good news新闻 for you.
222
696347
2734
对知识的渴望不会让你生活乏味,
11:39
The quest寻求 for knowledge知识
and understanding理解 never gets得到 dull平淡.
223
699105
2826
不但不会,还会反过来。
11:41
It doesn't. It's actually其实 the opposite对面.
224
701955
2021
11:44
The more you know,
the more amazing惊人 the world世界 seems似乎.
225
704000
2976
你知道的越多,对你来说这个世界就越神奇。
还有这些疯狂的可能性还有没回答的问题,
11:47
And it's the crazy possibilities可能性,
the unanswered悬而未决 questions问题,
226
707758
3433
它们使我们向前。
11:51
that pull us forward前锋.
227
711215
1237
11:52
So stay curious好奇.
228
712476
2853
Translated by Binglin Qi
Reviewed by Jing Peng

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee