TED2015
Dame Stephanie Shirley: Why do ambitious women have flat heads?
黛姆·斯蒂芬妮·雪莉: 为什么有事业雄心的女人，头顶都是平的？
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Readability: 4
2,164,868 views
虽然你没有听说过黛姆·斯蒂芬妮·雪莉，但她曾在科技行业取得了最为瞩目的成就。在上世纪六十年代，她在英国创立了一家只有女性员工的企业，该企业在行业中处于领军地位，市值最高达到30亿美金，70位员工成为百万富翁。在这个坦诚而幽默的演讲中，她向我们讲述一段段故事，为什么自称为“史蒂夫”，如何颠覆当时人们的观念，而且她还分享了一些识别有事业心的女性的方法。
Dame Stephanie Shirley - Entrepreneur and philanthropist
In 1962, Dame Stephanie "Steve" Shirley founded Freelance Programmers, a software firm with innovative work practices -- and (mainly) women employees. Full bio
In 1962, Dame Stephanie "Steve" Shirley founded Freelance Programmers, a software firm with innovative work practices -- and (mainly) women employees. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I wrote my memoir,
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当我写回忆录时，
00:14
the publishers were really confused.
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出版人感到非常困惑。
我的故事究竟是讲了一个
童年时身为难民的经历？
童年时身为难民的经历？
00:18
Was it about me as a child refugee,
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还是在上世纪六十年代创立高科技软件公司，
00:22
or as a woman who set up a high-tech
software company back in the 1960s,
software company back in the 1960s,
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00:28
one that went public
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上市后雇员发展到
00:30
and eventually employed over 8,500 people?
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超过8500——的女强人？
00:34
Or was it as a mother
of an autistic child?
of an autistic child?
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还是身为一个自闭症孩子的母亲？
还是慷慨奉献大量财产的慈善家？
00:39
Or as a philanthropist that's
now given away serious money?
now given away serious money?
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好吧，事实上，这些全都是我。
00:43
Well, it turns out, I'm all of these.
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那么，就让我来给你们讲述我的故事吧。
00:46
So let me tell you my story.
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00:51
All that I am stems from when
I got onto a train in Vienna,
I got onto a train in Vienna,
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一切都从我坐上一列
前往维也纳的火车开始。
前往维也纳的火车开始。
这列火车是Kindertransport营救行动的一部分，
从纳粹手中拯救了
从纳粹手中拯救了
00:58
part of the Kindertransport that saved
nearly 10,000 Jewish children
nearly 10,000 Jewish children
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01:03
from Nazi Europe.
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近万名犹太儿童。
01:05
I was five years old, clutching the hand
of my nine-year-old sister
of my nine-year-old sister
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当时5岁的我，紧紧抓着9岁姐姐的手，
01:09
and had very little idea as to
what was going on.
what was going on.
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对发生的事茫然无知。
01:13
"What is England and
why am I going there?"
why am I going there?"
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"英国是什么？我为什么要去那？"
01:18
I'm only alive because so long ago,
I was helped by generous strangers.
I was helped by generous strangers.
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我能活下来，完全是因为很久很久之前，
热心的陌生人帮助了我。
热心的陌生人帮助了我。
01:26
I was lucky, and doubly lucky
to be later reunited
to be later reunited
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我很幸运。更幸运的是，
后来我跟亲生父母重聚了。
01:30
with my birth parents.
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01:32
But, sadly, I never bonded
with them again.
with them again.
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但不幸的是，后来就再也没有相聚过。
01:39
But I've done more in the seven decades
since that miserable day
since that miserable day
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但是，自我母亲把我送上火车起，这70年间，
我做过的事情之多，
01:43
when my mother put me on the train
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远远超乎所想。
01:45
than I would ever have dreamed possible.
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01:48
And I love England, my adopted country,
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我爱英国，这个接纳我的国家，
01:51
with a passion that perhaps only someone
who has lost their human rights can feel.
who has lost their human rights can feel.
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这种热爱，或许只有那些
丧失过人权的人，才可以感受到。
丧失过人权的人，才可以感受到。
我决定要度过有意义的一生，
不能辜负救下我性命的人。
不能辜负救下我性命的人。
01:57
I decided to make mine a life
that was worth saving.
that was worth saving.
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02:04
And then, I just got on with it.
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而后，我确实做到了。
02:07
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:11
Let me take you back to the early 1960s.
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让我们把思绪拉回到上世纪六十年代。
02:15
To get past the gender issues of the time,
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为了对抗当时的性别歧视问题，
02:19
I set up my own software house at one
of the first such startups in Britain.
of the first such startups in Britain.
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作为英国软件行业第一批企业家之一，
我创立了自己的软件公司。
我创立了自己的软件公司。
02:26
But it was also a company of women,
a company for women,
a company for women,
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这同时也是一家只有女雇员，
只为女性提供机会的
只为女性提供机会的
早期社会企业。
02:32
an early social business.
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02:35
And people laughed at the very idea
because software, at that time,
because software, at that time,
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人们对此嗤之以鼻，因为在那时，
02:39
was given away free with hardware.
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软件是随硬件免费赠送的，
02:41
Nobody would buy software,
certainly not from a woman.
certainly not from a woman.
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没人会掏钱买软件，当然也不会从女人手里买。
02:45
Although women were then coming out
of the universities with decent degrees,
of the universities with decent degrees,
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尽管那时的女性读过大学，有了像样的文凭，
她们的职业道路上，依然充满了无形的壁障。
02:51
there was a glass ceiling to our progress.
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02:56
And I'd hit that glass ceiling too often,
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我为冲破这些壁障不断努力，
03:00
and I wanted opportunities for women.
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我想为职场女性创造机会。
03:04
I recruited professionally qualified women
who'd left the industry on marriage,
who'd left the industry on marriage,
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我招募那些拥有优秀职业技能
却在婚后离开工作岗位的女性，
却在婚后离开工作岗位的女性，
还为那些准备生第一个孩子的女性
03:09
or when their first child was expected
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提供可以在家里完成的工作。
03:11
and structured them into a
home-working organization.
home-working organization.
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03:16
We pioneered the concept of women
going back into the workforce
going back into the workforce
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我们引领了“让暂离工作岗位的女性重返职场的
03:21
after a career break.
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理念。
03:23
We pioneered all sorts of
new, flexible work methods:
new, flexible work methods:
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我们是倡导各种新颖而灵活的商业模式的先锋：
03:27
job shares, profit-sharing,
and eventually, co-ownership
and eventually, co-ownership
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股票分红，利润分红，还有共同所有权——
03:32
when I took a quarter of the company
into the hands of the staff
into the hands of the staff
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我把公司股权的四分之一交给员工，
03:36
at no cost to anyone but me.
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而这只减少了我个人的一些收入而已。
03:41
For years, I was the first woman this,
or the only woman that.
or the only woman that.
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多年以来，我是第一位
也是唯一一个这样做的女性。
也是唯一一个这样做的女性。
03:47
And in those days, I couldn't work
on the stock exchange,
on the stock exchange,
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在那个年代，我无法进行证券交易，
03:51
I couldn't drive a bus or fly an airplane.
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我不能开公交或者驾驶飞机。
03:55
Indeed, I couldn't open a bank account
without my husband's permission.
without my husband's permission.
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而且，没有我丈夫的批准，
我是不能开通银行账户的。
我是不能开通银行账户的。
04:01
My generation of women fought
the battles for the right to work
the battles for the right to work
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我们那个时代的女性，要为工作的权利
和薪酬平等的权利而抗争。
04:05
and the right for equal pay.
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没有人会对职场或社会中的
女性有什么真正的期望，
女性有什么真正的期望，
04:10
Nobody really expected much
from people at work or in society
from people at work or in society
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04:14
because all the expectations then
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因为那时对女性所有的期望就是
04:16
were about home and
family responsibilities.
family responsibilities.
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承担家庭责任，操持家务。
04:20
And I couldn't really face that,
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我实在无法接受，
04:23
so I started to challenge
the conventions of the time,
the conventions of the time,
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所以我向这个社会习俗发起挑战，
04:29
even to the extent of changing my name
from "Stephanie" to "Steve"
from "Stephanie" to "Steve"
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我甚至还在发展业务的信件上
把名字由“斯蒂芬妮”改为“史蒂夫”，
04:35
in my business development letters,
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04:36
so as to get through the door
before anyone realized
before anyone realized
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以便于在别人看出“他”其实是“她”之前，
04:39
that he was a she.
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敲开投资者的门。
04:40
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:44
My company, called Freelance Programmers,
and that's precisely what it was,
and that's precisely what it was,
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我的公司叫Freelance Programmers
（自由职业程序员），顾名思义，
（自由职业程序员），顾名思义，
不能再寒酸了：创立于餐桌，
04:51
couldn't have started smaller:
on the dining room table,
on the dining room table,
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04:56
and financed by the equivalent
of 100 dollars in today's terms,
of 100 dollars in today's terms,
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注册资金仅相当于今天的100美金，
05:01
and financed by my labor and
by borrowing against the house.
by borrowing against the house.
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——这些资金其实是来自我的劳动报酬、
和用房屋抵押借来的钱。
和用房屋抵押借来的钱。
我的兴趣是科学技术。
可惜市场是商业化的——
可惜市场是商业化的——
05:08
My interests were scientific,
the market was commercial --
the market was commercial --
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05:14
things such as payroll,
which I found rather boring.
which I found rather boring.
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人们更关注工资单之类的东西，
尽管我觉得那很无聊。
尽管我觉得那很无聊。
05:18
So I had to compromise with
operational research work,
operational research work,
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因此我不得不在研发工作上做出让步。
放弃那些吸引我的、充满智慧的挑战性课题，
05:23
which had the intellectual challenge
that interested me
that interested me
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05:27
and the commercial value
that was valued by the clients:
that was valued by the clients:
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转而寻求客户所看重的商业价值：
05:34
things like scheduling freight trains,
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如货车时刻表，
05:40
time-tabling buses, stock control,
lots and lots of stock control.
lots and lots of stock control.
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公交车时间编排，股票控制，
许多许多的股票控制。
许多许多的股票控制。
05:46
And eventually, the work came in.
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最后，订单终于来了。
我以固定的产品定价来掩盖
公司设立在家中、员工都是兼职的这些事实，
公司设立在家中、员工都是兼职的这些事实，
05:50
We disguised the domestic and
part-time nature of the staff
part-time nature of the staff
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05:54
by offering fixed prices,
one of the very first to do so.
one of the very first to do so.
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这样的做法在行业内也少见先例。
有谁能想到协和超音速飞机上，
05:59
And who would have guessed
that the programming
that the programming
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进行飞行纪录的黑匣子程序，
06:02
of the black box flight recorder
of Supersonic Concord
of Supersonic Concord
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是出自一群在家中兼职的女性呢？
06:06
would have been done by a bunch
of women working in their own homes.
of women working in their own homes.
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06:11
(Applause)
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（掌声）
06:19
All we used was a simple
"trust the staff" approach
"trust the staff" approach
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支撑我们完成这些的，只有一个简单的理念：
“相信员工”，
“相信员工”，
以及一台普通的电话机。
06:24
and a simple telephone.
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我们甚至还问前来申请工作的人：
“你家里有电话吗？”
“你家里有电话吗？”
06:26
We even used to ask job applicants,
"Do you have access to a telephone?"
"Do you have access to a telephone?"
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06:34
An early project was to develop
software standards
software standards
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我们早期的一个项目是开发一个
06:37
on management control protocols.
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管理控制协议的软件标准。
06:39
And software was and still is a
maddeningly hard-to-control activity,
maddeningly hard-to-control activity,
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“软件”曾是，现也依然是
极易失控、令人抓狂的东西，
极易失控、令人抓狂的东西，
因此我们的那个项目价值连城。
06:45
so that was enormously valuable.
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06:47
We used the standards ourselves,
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我们自己也采用了这套标准，
06:49
we were even paid to update
them over the years,
them over the years,
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持续多年对其进行有偿更新，
06:52
and eventually, they were adopted by NATO.
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最终，它被北约采用，作为标准。
我们的程序员——记住，只有女性，
06:58
Our programmers -- remember, only women,
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07:02
including gay and transgender --
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包括同性恋和变性者——
07:05
worked with pencil and paper
to develop flowcharts
to develop flowcharts
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用铅笔在纸上画下那一幅幅流程图，
07:10
defining each task to be done.
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定义每一项需要完成的任务。
07:14
And they then wrote code,
usually machine code,
usually machine code,
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然后她们写代码，通常是写机器代码，
偶尔写二进制代码，
07:18
sometimes binary code,
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这些代码通过邮件，被寄到数据中心，
07:20
which was then sent
by mail to a data center
by mail to a data center
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07:25
to be punched onto
paper tape or card
paper tape or card
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打在纸带或卡片上，
（那时的程序是通过在纸带上的孔来让计算机读取的）
（那时的程序是通过在纸带上的孔来让计算机读取的）
07:29
and then re-punched,
in order to verify it.
in order to verify it.
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反复打孔，确保无误。
07:34
All this, before it ever got
near a computer.
near a computer.
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这一切都是远在近代电脑出现前的做法。
07:37
That was programming in the early 1960s.
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这就是上世纪六十年代的早期编程方式。
07:43
In 1975, 13 years from startup,
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1975年，公司创立后的第13年，
07:48
equal opportunity legislation
came in in Britain
came in in Britain
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英国通过了平等就业法规，
07:51
and that made it illegal to have
our pro-female policies.
our pro-female policies.
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只雇佣女性的做法成了违法的政策。
07:58
And as an example of
unintended consequences,
unintended consequences,
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因此，始料未及地，
08:02
my female company had to let the men in.
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我们的“女性公司”，不得不让男人进来了。
08:06
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:11
When I started my company of women,
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当我创立我的女性公司时，
男人们说“真有趣啊，它之所以没倒闭，
只是因为公司太小了。”
只是因为公司太小了。”
08:13
the men said, "How interesting, because
it only works because it's small."
it only works because it's small."
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08:20
And later, as it became sizable,
they accepted, "Yes, it is sizable now,
they accepted, "Yes, it is sizable now,
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后来，公司规模扩大了，
他们说：“没错，规模是大了，
他们说：“没错，规模是大了，
但没有什么战略利益。”
08:26
but of no strategic interest."
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08:30
And later, when it was a company
valued at over three billion dollars,
valued at over three billion dollars,
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再后来，当这个公司
估值超过三十亿美金时，
估值超过三十亿美金时，
08:37
and I'd made 70 of the staff
into millionaires,
into millionaires,
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我们让70名员工变成了百万富翁，
08:41
they sort of said, "Well done, Steve!"
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他们好像是这么说的：“干得好，史蒂夫！”
08:45
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:49
(Applause)
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（掌声）
你始终可以从头型
来分辨出那些有野心的女人：
来分辨出那些有野心的女人：
08:53
You can always tell ambitious women
by the shape of our heads:
by the shape of our heads:
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08:58
They're flat on top for being
patted patronizingly.
patted patronizingly.
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她们的头顶很平，那是用来
屈尊俯就让别人拍打的。
屈尊俯就让别人拍打的。
09:01
(Laughter) (Applause)
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（笑声）（掌声）
09:07
And we have larger feet to stand
away from the kitchen sink.
away from the kitchen sink.
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而且我们还有足够大的脚，
足以走出厨房那一小块空间。
足以走出厨房那一小块空间。
09:12
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
09:13
Let me share with you
two secrets of success:
two secrets of success:
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我来跟你们分享两个成功的秘密：
09:17
Surround yourself with first-class people
and people that you like;
and people that you like;
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让自己周围都是精英，和自己喜欢的人；
09:23
and choose your partner
very, very carefully.
very, very carefully.
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然后谨慎、再谨慎地，挑选自己的搭档。
因为有一天，当我说，”我的丈夫是个天使。“
09:30
Because the other day when I said,
"My husband's an angel,"
"My husband's an angel,"
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09:33
a woman complained --
"You're lucky," she said,
"You're lucky," she said,
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一个女人抱怨道——“你真幸运，”她说，
09:35
"mine's still alive."
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“我的丈夫还活着。”
09:37
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
09:45
If success were easy,
we'd all be millionaires.
we'd all be millionaires.
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如果成功很容易，那我们都早成百万富翁了。
09:51
But in my case, it came in the midst
of family trauma and indeed, crisis.
of family trauma and indeed, crisis.
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但对我而言，我的成功是伴随着
家庭的“创伤”的，甚至是“危机”。
家庭的“创伤”的，甚至是“危机”。
10:01
Our late son, Giles, was an only child,
a beautiful, contented baby.
a beautiful, contented baby.
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我老来得子。Giles，是我唯一的孩子，
一个美丽的、令人心满意足的孩子。
一个美丽的、令人心满意足的孩子。
10:09
And then, at two and a half,
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后来，两岁半的时候，
10:13
like a changeling in a fairy story,
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就像童话故事里被仙女偷换了一样，
10:16
he lost the little speech that he had
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他不再言语，
10:20
and turned into a wild,
unmanageable toddler.
unmanageable toddler.
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变成了焦躁、不听话的小孩。
10:25
Not the terrible twos;
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不是普通两岁小孩的那种“糟糕状态”，
10:27
he was profoundly autistic
and he never spoke again.
and he never spoke again.
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而是严重的自闭症，他再也没张口说过话。
Giles是我为自闭症患者开创的
第一所慈善机构的
第一所慈善机构的
10:36
Giles was the first resident in the first
house of the first charity that I set up
house of the first charity that I set up
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第一位入住者。
10:41
to pioneer services for autism.
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10:45
And then there's been
a groundbreaking Prior's Court school
a groundbreaking Prior's Court school
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后来，我前所未有地创立了
专为自闭症儿童
专为自闭症儿童
设立的特殊学校，
10:48
for pupils with autism
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以及医学研究慈善机构，
也是专为自闭症患者设立的。
也是专为自闭症患者设立的。
10:50
and a medical research charity,
again, all for autism.
again, all for autism.
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10:54
Because whenever I found a gap
in services, I tried to help.
in services, I tried to help.
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因为每当我发现现有服务的不足，
我就尽自己的力量去填补。
我就尽自己的力量去填补。
11:01
I like doing new things
and making new things happen.
and making new things happen.
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我喜欢做新鲜的事，
让创新成为现实。
让创新成为现实。
11:06
And I've just started a three-year
think tank for autism.
think tank for autism.
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最近我刚为自闭症患者
建立了三年智囊团服务。
建立了三年智囊团服务。
11:13
And so that some of my wealth does go back
to the industry from which it stems,
to the industry from which it stems,
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我的部分财富回馈到了我获取财富的行业，
11:18
I've also founded
the Oxford Internet Institute
the Oxford Internet Institute
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我还建立了牛津互联网研究院
11:22
and other IT ventures.
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和其他的一些IT企业。
11:24
The Oxford Internet Institute
focuses not on the technology,
focuses not on the technology,
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牛津互联网研究院不仅仅关注技术，
11:28
but on the social, economic, legal
and ethical issues of the Internet.
and ethical issues of the Internet.
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也关注互联网的社会、经济、法律和道德问题。
11:35
Giles died unexpectedly 17 years ago now.
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Giles在17年前突然去世了。
11:42
And I have learned to live without him,
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我已经学会了没有他在身边，
11:46
and I have learned to live
without his need of me.
without his need of me.
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学会了生活在没有他需要的世界里。
11:51
Philanthropy is all that I do now.
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现在我的精力都放在了慈善事业上。
11:54
I need never worry about getting lost
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走在路上我不必担心迷路，
11:57
because several charities
would quickly come and find me.
would quickly come and find me.
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因为许多慈善机构都能快速地找到我。
12:00
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
12:12
It's one thing to have an idea
for an enterprise,
for an enterprise,
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有一个创业的点子是一回事，
12:16
but as many people in this room will know,
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但在座的很多人都知道，
12:19
making it happen is a very difficult thing
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让这个点子变成现实是很难的，
12:22
and it demands extraordinary energy,
self-belief and determination,
self-belief and determination,
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这需要巨大的精力投入，坚定的信念和决心，
12:30
the courage to risk family and home,
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还有承担家庭问题的风险的勇气；
还得每天24小时，一周7天的
扑在自己痴迷的事业上。
扑在自己痴迷的事业上。
12:34
and a 24/7 commitment
that borders on the obsessive.
that borders on the obsessive.
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12:39
So it's just as well
that I'm a workaholic.
that I'm a workaholic.
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没错，我就是个工作狂。
12:43
I believe in the beauty of work when we
do it properly and in humility.
do it properly and in humility.
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我相信，当我们以谦逊的心态做正确的事时，
就能发现工作的美。
就能发现工作的美。
“工作”不是那种
“我明明有别的更好的事可做，却不得不做”的事。
“我明明有别的更好的事可做，却不得不做”的事。
12:50
Work is not just something I do
when I'd rather be doing something else.
when I'd rather be doing something else.
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12:57
We live our lives forward.
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生活需要向前看，
12:59
So what has all that taught me?
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我的这些经历教给了我什么？
13:04
I learned that tomorrow's
never going to be like today,
never going to be like today,
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我学到了：明天永远不会像今天这样，
13:07
and certainly nothing like yesterday.
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当然也不可能像昨天那样。
13:10
And that made me able to cope with change,
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这让我能够适应一切变化，
13:14
indeed, eventually to welcome change,
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最终，切实地拥抱变化，
尽管别人告诉过我，我是个不知满足的人。
13:18
though I'm told I'm still very difficult.
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13:23
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢你们。
13:25
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dame Stephanie Shirley - Entrepreneur and philanthropistIn 1962, Dame Stephanie "Steve" Shirley founded Freelance Programmers, a software firm with innovative work practices -- and (mainly) women employees.
Why you should listen
In the austerity of post-World War II England, jobs were few, and opportunities for women to earn a wage were even fewer. So, on her dining room table, Stephanie Shirley founded the kind of company she'd like to work for -- one that posed challenging, rewarding tasks, built around flexible work rules that made it possible to have a real life. Her software company, Freelance Programmers made her one of the richest women in England (and one of the few to have earned her own money). Initially employing only women -- Shirley often bid for contracts as "Steve" to compete in the male-dominated industry -- the company was eventually valued at $3 billion, while 70 of the staff became millionaires when it floated on the stock market.
But money wasn't Shirley's object. "A lot of people go into business to make money," she told the Guardian. "I really didn't; I went in with a mission for women. Conversely, I was determined never, ever to be poor again." Freelance Programmers became the FI Group became Xansa; it was acquired by Steria in 2007.
Shirley retired in 1993, but she hasn't stopped pushing for progress in the fields she loves. For instance, she works tirelessly to push forward research into autism spectrum disorders, as well as to study and improve the IT industry and the role of the internet in society. She told the Guardian, "I do get committed, and I don't just give my money; I try to give of myself."
Dame Stephanie Shirley | Speaker | TED.com