TED2017
David Miliband: The refugee crisis is a test of our character
大卫·米利班德: 难民危机是对我们人性的考验
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6500万人在2016年因冲突和灾难被迫离开家园。“这不仅是一场危机，更是对我们自身认知及价值取向的考验。”大卫·米利班德说道。“我们每一个人都有义务去帮助解决这个危机。”在这个必看的演讲中，米利班德为我们提供了明确而清晰的方法去帮助难民，并把同情心和利他主义转化为实际行动。
David Miliband - Refugee advocate
As president of the International Rescue Committee, David Miliband enlists his expert statesmanship in the fight against the greatest global refugee crisis since World War II. Full bio
As president of the International Rescue Committee, David Miliband enlists his expert statesmanship in the fight against the greatest global refugee crisis since World War II. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm going to speak to you
about the global refugee crisis
about the global refugee crisis
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我想跟大家讲讲全球性的难民危机，
00:16
and my aim is to show you that this crisis
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我的目标是让大家明白，
这场危机是可控的，不是无解的，
00:20
is manageable, not unsolvable,
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00:23
but also show you that this is
as much about us and who we are
as much about us and who we are
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同时也让大家看到，
这关系到我们的本性，
这关系到我们的本性，
而不仅仅是对难民，
对我们而言也是一次考验。
对我们而言也是一次考验。
00:29
as it is a trial of the refugees
on the front line.
on the front line.
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00:33
For me, this is not
just a professional obligation,
just a professional obligation,
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对我而言，这不仅是我的职责，
00:36
because I run an NGO supporting refugees
and displaced people around the world.
and displaced people around the world.
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因为我运营着一家非政府组织，
专门支持世界各地的难民和无家可归的人。
专门支持世界各地的难民和无家可归的人。
00:41
It's personal.
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而且是我的个人选择。
00:43
I love this picture.
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我喜欢这张照片。
00:45
That really handsome guy on the right,
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右边那位帅哥，
00:48
that's not me.
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并不是我。
00:49
That's my dad, Ralph, in London, in 1940
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是我的父亲，拉尔夫，
那是在1940年的伦敦，
那是在1940年的伦敦，
00:53
with his father Samuel.
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旁边是他的父亲塞缪尔。
00:55
They were Jewish refugees from Belgium.
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他们是来自比利时的犹太难民。
00:58
They fled the day the Nazis invaded.
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他们在纳粹入侵的那天逃离了。
01:02
And I love this picture, too.
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我也很喜欢这张照片。
01:04
It's a group of refugee children
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那是一群难民小孩，
01:07
arriving in England in 1946 from Poland.
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在1946年从波兰来到英格兰。
01:11
And in the middle is my mother, Marion.
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站在中间的是我们的母亲，玛丽恩。
01:14
She was sent to start a new life
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她被送到一个新的国家
01:17
in a new country
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开始新生活，
01:19
on her own
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自力更生，
01:20
at the age of 12.
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那年她12岁。
01:22
I know this:
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我知道的是，
01:24
if Britain had not admitted refugees
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如果英国在40年代
01:27
in the 1940s,
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不接纳难民，
01:29
I certainly would not be here today.
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我今天就不会站在这里了。
01:34
Yet 70 years on,
the wheel has come full circle.
the wheel has come full circle.
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然而70年过去了，
情况发生了逆转，
情况发生了逆转，
01:38
The sound is of walls being built,
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舆论之墙高耸，
01:41
vengeful political rhetoric,
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政客危言耸听，
01:44
humanitarian values and principles on fire
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人道主义价值和原则被丢弃，
01:48
in the very countries
that 70 years ago said never again
that 70 years ago said never again
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这一切就发生在英国，
在这个曾在70年前发出呐喊，
在这个曾在70年前发出呐喊，
01:52
to statelessness and hopelessness
for the victims of war.
for the victims of war.
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不要再有绝望的、无家可归的
战争受害者的国家。
战争受害者的国家。
01:58
Last year, every minute,
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去年，平均每一分钟
02:02
24 more people were displaced
from their homes
from their homes
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就有24个人因冲突、暴力和迫害
02:05
by conflict, violence and persecution:
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流离失所：
02:09
another chemical weapon attack in Syria,
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发生在叙利亚的又一次化学武器袭击，
02:11
the Taliban on the rampage in Afghanistan,
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塔利班在阿富汗肆意妄为，
02:15
girls driven from their school
in northeast Nigeria by Boko Haram.
in northeast Nigeria by Boko Haram.
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“博科圣地”组织在尼日利亚
东北部劫持女学生。
东北部劫持女学生。
02:21
These are not people
moving to another country
moving to another country
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这些难民并不是移居到别的国家
02:25
to get a better life.
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去过更好的生活。
02:27
They're fleeing for their lives.
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而是为了求生。
02:31
It's a real tragedy
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令人悲伤的是
02:33
that the world's most famous refugee
can't come to speak to you here today.
can't come to speak to you here today.
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全世界最著名的一位难民
无法来到现场。
无法来到现场。
02:39
Many of you will know this picture.
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许多人都见过这张照片。
02:41
It shows the lifeless body
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照片上这个失去生命的小身体，
02:44
of five-year-old Alan Kurdi,
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是5岁的阿兰·库尔迪，
02:46
a Syrian refugee who died
in the Mediterranean in 2015.
in the Mediterranean in 2015.
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他是一名叙利亚难民，
在2015年死于地中海。
在2015年死于地中海。
02:51
He died alongside 3,700 others
trying to get to Europe.
trying to get to Europe.
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他是3700名试图
进入欧洲的死难者之一。
进入欧洲的死难者之一。
02:56
The next year, 2016,
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之后的2016年，
02:58
5,000 people died.
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有5000人丧生。
03:02
It's too late for them,
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对他们而言已经太晚了，
03:05
but it's not too late
for millions of others.
for millions of others.
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但还有数百万人来得及。
03:08
It's not too late
for people like Frederick.
for people like Frederick.
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弗雷德里克还有希望。
03:10
I met him in the Nyarugusu
refugee camp in Tanzania.
refugee camp in Tanzania.
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我是在坦桑尼亚的
尼亚如古苏难民营遇到他的。
尼亚如古苏难民营遇到他的。
03:14
He's from Burundi.
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他来自布隆迪。
03:15
He wanted to know
where could he complete his studies.
where could he complete his studies.
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他想知道自己能否完成学业。
03:18
He'd done 11 years of schooling.
He wanted a 12th year.
He wanted a 12th year.
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他已经上了11年学，
还想继续学下去。
还想继续学下去。
03:21
He said to me, "I pray
that my days do not end here
that my days do not end here
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他对我说，“我祈祷自己的人生
不会止步于这个难民营。”
03:26
in this refugee camp."
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03:28
And it's not too late for Halud.
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哈露德也还有希望。
03:31
Her parents were Palestinian refugees
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她的父母是巴勒斯坦难民，
03:34
living in the Yarmouk refugee camp
outside Damascus.
outside Damascus.
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生活在大马士革城外的亚蒙克难民营。
03:37
She was born to refugee parents,
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她出生在难民家庭，
03:39
and now she's a refugee
herself in Lebanon.
herself in Lebanon.
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如今她自己也是黎巴嫩难民。
03:42
She's working for the International
Rescue Committee to help other refugees,
Rescue Committee to help other refugees,
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她在国际救援委员会工作，
为难民提供帮助，
为难民提供帮助，
03:46
but she has no certainty at all
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但她对自己的未来
03:49
about her future,
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也完全不确定，
03:52
where it is or what it holds.
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不知该何去何从。
03:54
This talk is about Frederick, about Halud
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今天的演讲是
关于弗里德里克，关于哈露德，
关于弗里德里克，关于哈露德，
03:58
and about millions like them:
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关于数百万像他们一样的人：
04:00
why they're displaced,
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为什么他们会无家可归，
04:02
how they survive, what help they need
and what our responsibilities are.
and what our responsibilities are.
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他们如何生存，需要什么帮助，
我们的责任是什么。
我们的责任是什么。
04:07
I truly believe this,
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我坚信一点，
04:10
that the biggest question
in the 21st century
in the 21st century
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21世纪最大的问题，
04:13
concerns our duty to strangers.
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是我们对陌生人该承担何种责任。
04:17
The future "you" is about your duties
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你如何对待陌生人，
04:20
to strangers.
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将定义未来的“你”。
04:22
You know better than anyone,
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我们都很清楚，
04:23
the world is more connected
than ever before,
than ever before,
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世界各地正前所未有的紧密联系着，
04:28
yet the great danger
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而危险在于，
04:30
is that we're consumed by our divisions.
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我们被分歧吞噬。
04:34
And there is no better test of that
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我们对待难民的态度，
04:36
than how we treat refugees.
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就是最好的测试。
04:38
Here are the facts: 65 million people
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数据显示：去年一年，
04:41
displaced from their homes
by violence and persecution last year.
by violence and persecution last year.
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有6500万人因为
暴力和迫害背井离乡。
暴力和迫害背井离乡。
04:45
If it was a country,
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如果这些人组成一个国家，
04:46
that would be the 21st
largest country in the world.
largest country in the world.
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将会是世界上第21大国家。
04:50
Most of those people, about 40 million,
stay within their own home country,
stay within their own home country,
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这其中一大部分，大约4000万人，
留在自己的国家，
留在自己的国家，
04:55
but 25 million are refugees.
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但有2500万人成为了难民。
04:57
That means they cross a border
into a neighboring state.
into a neighboring state.
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也就是说他们跨过边境，进入了邻国。
05:01
Most of them are living in poor countries,
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大部分人生活在贫穷国家，
05:05
relatively poor or lower-middle-income
countries, like Lebanon,
countries, like Lebanon,
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相对贫穷国家或者
中低收入国家，比如黎巴嫩，
中低收入国家，比如黎巴嫩，
05:08
where Halud is living.
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哈露德就生活在那儿。
05:10
In Lebanon, one
in four people is a refugee,
in four people is a refugee,
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在黎巴嫩，每4个人
中就有1个难民，
中就有1个难民，
05:15
a quarter of the whole population.
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占总人口的四分之一。
05:18
And refugees stay for a long time.
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而且难民停留的时间都很长。
05:20
The average length of displacement
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平均长度
05:23
is 10 years.
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是10年。
05:25
I went to what was the world's
largest refugee camp, in eastern Kenya.
largest refugee camp, in eastern Kenya.
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我去过全球最大的难民营，
位于肯尼亚东部，
位于肯尼亚东部，
05:30
It's called Dadaab.
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叫做达达阿布。
05:31
It was built in 1991-92
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于1991-1992年建成，
05:33
as a "temporary camp"
for Somalis fleeing the civil war.
for Somalis fleeing the civil war.
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当时是为逃离内战的
索马里人建立的“临时营地”。
索马里人建立的“临时营地”。
05:37
I met Silo.
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我遇见了希洛。
05:39
And naïvely I said to Silo,
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我天真的问她，
05:42
"Do you think you'll ever
go home to Somalia?"
go home to Somalia?"
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“你觉得你会回到家乡索马里吗？”
05:45
And she said, "What do you mean, go home?
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她说，“你说回到家乡是什么意思？
05:48
I was born here."
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我是在这里出生的。”
05:50
And then when I asked the camp management
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我问难民营的管理人员，
05:52
how many of the 330,000 people
in that camp were born there,
in that camp were born there,
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住在那里的33万人中
有多少是在那里出生的，
有多少是在那里出生的，
05:56
they gave me the answer:
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他们给我的答案是：
05:59
100,000.
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10万。
06:01
That's what long-term displacement means.
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这就是我刚刚提到的
停留时间很长。
停留时间很长。
06:05
Now, the causes of this are deep:
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导致这一切的原因很深刻：
06:07
weak states that can't
support their own people,
support their own people,
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弱国无法养活自己的人民，
06:10
an international political system
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而国际政治体系
06:13
weaker than at any time since 1945
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处于1945年后最弱的时期，
06:16
and differences over theology, governance,
engagement with the outside world
engagement with the outside world
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穆斯林世界的不同地区，
在神学、统治方式、与其他国家的交流方式上
在神学、统治方式、与其他国家的交流方式上
06:20
in significant parts of the Muslim world.
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存在巨大的差异。
06:24
Now, those are long-term,
generational challenges.
generational challenges.
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这些都是长期的、
需要几代人来解决的挑战。
需要几代人来解决的挑战。
06:27
That's why I say that this refugee crisis
is a trend and not a blip.
is a trend and not a blip.
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因此我才会说难民危机
是一种趋势而不是暂时性的问题。
是一种趋势而不是暂时性的问题。
06:32
And it's complex, and when you have
big, large, long-term, complex problems,
big, large, long-term, complex problems,
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它很复杂，当遇到
巨大、长期、复杂的问题时，
巨大、长期、复杂的问题时，
06:36
people think nothing can be done.
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人们往往会认为没办法解决。
06:40
When Pope Francis went to Lampedusa,
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到方济各教皇前往兰佩杜萨时，
那是意大利海岸的一个岛，
在2014年，
在2014年，
06:43
off the coast of Italy, in 2014,
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06:44
he accused all of us
and the global population
and the global population
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他指责了我们和全世界所有人，
06:48
of what he called
"the globalization of indifference."
"the globalization of indifference."
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他称之为“全球化冷漠”。
这话让人久久不能忘怀。
06:52
It's a haunting phrase.
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06:54
It means that our hearts
have turned to stone.
have turned to stone.
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他是说我们都变成了铁石心肠。
06:58
Now, I don't know, you tell me.
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我不确定，你们大家来说说。
07:00
Are you allowed to argue with the Pope,
even at a TED conference?
even at a TED conference?
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你们是不是有权跟教皇争论呢？
即便是在TED大会上？
即便是在TED大会上？
07:04
But I think it's not right.
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但我认为他说得不对。
07:06
I think people do want
to make a difference,
to make a difference,
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我相信人们是想要改变的，
07:08
but they just don't know whether
there are any solutions to this crisis.
there are any solutions to this crisis.
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只是他们不知道
这场危机是不是能解决
这场危机是不是能解决
07:12
And what I want to tell you today
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而我今天想告诉大家的是，
07:14
is that though the problems are real,
the solutions are real, too.
the solutions are real, too.
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尽管问题真实存在，
解决方案也是有的。
解决方案也是有的。
07:17
Solution one:
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方案一：
07:19
these refugees need to get into work
in the countries where they're living,
in the countries where they're living,
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难民需要在避难的国家工作，
而接收难民的这些国家
需要巨大的经济支持。
需要巨大的经济支持。
07:22
and the countries where they're living
need massive economic support.
need massive economic support.
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2014年，在乌干达开展了一项研究：
07:26
In Uganda in 2014, they did a study:
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07:28
80 percent of refugees
in the capital city Kampala
in the capital city Kampala
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位于首都坎帕拉的难民中有80%
07:31
needed no humanitarian aid
because they were working.
because they were working.
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不需要人道主义救助，
因为他们有自己的工作。
因为他们有自己的工作。
07:34
They were supported into work.
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工作可以养活他们。
07:36
Solution number two:
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方案二：
07:38
education for kids
is a lifeline, not a luxury,
is a lifeline, not a luxury,
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如果要背井离乡这么长时间，
那么教育是孩子们的必需品，
那么教育是孩子们的必需品，
07:42
when you're displaced for so long.
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而不是奢侈品。
07:45
Kids can bounce back when they're given
the proper social, emotional support
the proper social, emotional support
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孩子们如果得到恰当的
社会和情感支持，再加上基础教育，
社会和情感支持，再加上基础教育，
07:49
alongside literacy and numeracy.
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他们很快就能恢复活力。
07:51
I've seen it for myself.
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我自己就是个很好的例子。
07:54
But half of the world's refugee children
of primary school age
of primary school age
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但全世界小学年龄的难民中
07:58
get no education at all,
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有一半根本没有学上，
08:00
and three quarters of secondary school age
get no education at all.
get no education at all.
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四分之三的中学年龄难民
无法接受教育。
无法接受教育。
08:03
That's crazy.
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这太疯狂了。
08:05
Solution number three:
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方案三：
08:08
most refugees are in urban areas,
in cities, not in camps.
in cities, not in camps.
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大部分难民都生活在城市中，
而不是在难民营。
而不是在难民营。
08:11
What would you or I want
if we were a refugee in a city?
if we were a refugee in a city?
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假设你或我是生活在城市里的难民，
那我们需要的是什么呢？
那我们需要的是什么呢？
08:14
We would want money
to pay rent or buy clothes.
to pay rent or buy clothes.
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我们需要钱，付房租或者买衣服。
08:18
That is the future
of the humanitarian system,
of the humanitarian system,
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这是人道主义援助系统的未来，
或者说非常重要的一部分：
08:20
or a significant part of it:
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让难民有钱花，
这样可以激发难民的能量，
这样可以激发难民的能量，
08:22
give people cash so that
you boost the power of refugees
you boost the power of refugees
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也可以提振当地经济。
08:24
and you'll help the local economy.
160
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08:26
And there's a fourth solution, too,
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还有第四种方案，
08:28
that's controversial
but needs to be talked about.
but needs to be talked about.
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它富有争议，但是值得我们讨论。
08:31
The most vulnerable refugees
need to be given a new start
need to be given a new start
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那些最弱势的难民需要一个新的开始，
08:35
and a new life in a new country,
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在新的国家开始新生活，
08:38
including in the West.
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包括在西方国家。
08:40
The numbers are relatively small,
hundreds of thousands, not millions,
hundreds of thousands, not millions,
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数量相对较少，
几万人，而不是几百万，
几万人，而不是几百万，
08:44
but the symbolism is huge.
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但它的象征意义很大。
08:47
Now is not the time
to be banning refugees,
to be banning refugees,
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现在还不是对难民下禁令的时候，
08:50
as the Trump administration proposes.
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就像特朗普当局所做的那样。
08:52
It's a time to be embracing people
who are victims of terror.
who are victims of terror.
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现在应该是拥抱这些
恐怖活动受害者的时候
恐怖活动受害者的时候
08:56
And remember --
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要记住——
08:57
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:04
Remember, anyone who asks you,
"Are they properly vetted?"
"Are they properly vetted?"
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记住，要是有人问你，
“他们经过合适的审查了吗？”
“他们经过合适的审查了吗？”
09:08
that's a really sensible
and good question to ask.
and good question to ask.
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这是一个明智的好问题。
09:12
The truth is, refugees
arriving for resettlement
arriving for resettlement
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事实上，寻求重新安置的难民们，
09:16
are more vetted than any other population
arriving in our countries.
arriving in our countries.
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远比其他来到我们国家的人
更经得起审查。
更经得起审查。
09:20
So while it's reasonable
to ask the question,
to ask the question,
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因此提出刚刚那个问题很正常，
但是把难民等同于
恐怖分子就说不过去了。
恐怖分子就说不过去了。
09:22
it's not reasonable to say that refugee
is another word for terrorist.
is another word for terrorist.
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09:27
Now, what happens --
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那么，有什么后果……
09:28
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:31
What happens when refugees can't get work,
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难民没有工作会有什么后果呢，
09:34
they can't get their kids into school,
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他们没法让孩子上学，
赚不到钱，通过合法途径
他们没有希望。
他们没有希望。
09:36
they can't get cash,
they can't get a legal route to hope?
they can't get a legal route to hope?
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09:39
What happens is they take risky journeys.
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于是他们会铤而走险。
09:42
I went to Lesbos, this beautiful
Greek island, two years ago.
Greek island, two years ago.
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2年前，我去了希腊
一个非常漂亮的岛，叫莱斯沃斯。
一个非常漂亮的岛，叫莱斯沃斯。
09:47
It's a home to 90,000 people.
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那里生活着9万人。
09:49
In one year, 500,000 refugees
went across the island.
went across the island.
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在1年时间里，50万难民
从岛上经过。
从岛上经过。
09:53
And I want to show you what I saw
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当我开车穿过岛的北部时，
09:55
when I drove across
to the north of the island:
to the north of the island:
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看到的是下面的情景：
09:58
a pile of life jackets
of those who had made it to shore.
of those who had made it to shore.
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那些成功上岸的人
留下了堆积如山的救生衣。
留下了堆积如山的救生衣。
10:02
And when I looked closer,
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走近点看，
10:04
there were small
life jackets for children,
life jackets for children,
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还有许多小的救生衣，孩子用的，
10:06
yellow ones.
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黄颜色。
10:08
And I took this picture.
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我拍了这张照片。
10:10
You probably can't see the writing,
but I want to read it for you.
but I want to read it for you.
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可能大家看不清楚，
我读给你们听。
我读给你们听。
“警告：不能防止溺水。”
10:13
"Warning: will not
protect against drowning."
protect against drowning."
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10:17
So in the 21st century,
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在21世纪，
10:20
children are being given life jackets
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孩子们穿着救生衣，
10:22
to reach safety in Europe
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逃向安全的欧洲，
10:24
even though those jackets
will not save their lives
will not save their lives
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3336
而这些救生衣，
在他们落水的时候
却不能救他们一命
却不能救他们一命
10:28
if they fall out of the boat
that is taking them there.
that is taking them there.
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2600
10:32
This is not just a crisis, it's a test.
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这不仅仅是一场危机，
更是一场考验。
更是一场考验。
10:37
It's a test that civilizations
have faced down the ages.
have faced down the ages.
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是人类文明几个世纪以来
一直面对的考验。
一直面对的考验。
10:41
It's a test of our humanity.
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考验的是我们的人性。
10:44
It's a test of us in the Western world
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2296
考验的是我们西方社会
10:46
of who we are and what we stand for.
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2200
对于自我以及价值取向的认同。
考验的不仅仅是我们的政策，
更是我们的人品。
更是我们的人品。
10:51
It's a test of our character,
not just our policies.
not just our policies.
207
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10:54
And refugees are a hard case.
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难民是个棘手的问题。
10:57
They do come from faraway
parts of the world.
parts of the world.
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他们来自遥远的他乡。
11:00
They have been through trauma.
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经历了创伤。
11:02
They're often of a different religion.
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信仰着不同的宗教。
11:04
Those are precisely the reasons
we should be helping refugees,
we should be helping refugees,
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3176
这些恰恰都是我们
应该帮助他们的原因，
应该帮助他们的原因，
11:07
not a reason not to help them.
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1440
而不是拒绝帮助的理由。
11:09
And it's a reason to help them
because of what it says about us.
because of what it says about us.
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3200
帮助他们能让我们更好地认清自己
11:14
It's revealing of our values.
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能展示我们的价值。
11:17
Empathy and altruism are two
of the foundations of civilization.
of the foundations of civilization.
216
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4960
同理心和利他主义
是文明的两大基石
是文明的两大基石
11:23
Turn that empathy and altruism into action
217
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2416
将同理心和利他主义付诸行动，
11:25
and we live out a basic moral credo.
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2240
就实现了基本的道德信条。
11:28
And in the modern world,
we have no excuse.
we have no excuse.
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2256
在现代世界，我们没有借口。
我们不能借口说
不知道在南苏丹的朱巴
不知道在南苏丹的朱巴
11:31
We can't say we don't know
what's happening in Juba, South Sudan,
what's happening in Juba, South Sudan,
220
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11:35
or Aleppo, Syria.
221
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1576
或者叙利亚的阿勒颇发生了什么。
11:36
It's there, in our smartphone
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事实就是事实，就在我们的手机里，
11:39
in our hand.
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1376
在我们手中。
11:41
Ignorance is no excuse at all.
224
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不能把不知情当作借口。
11:43
Fail to help, and we show
we have no moral compass at all.
we have no moral compass at all.
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4400
不提供帮助，就显得我们
根本没有道德准则。
根本没有道德准则。
11:49
It's also revealing about
whether we know our own history.
whether we know our own history.
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它还能揭露我们是否了解自己的历史。
11:52
The reason that refugees
have rights around the world
have rights around the world
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难民之所以在全世界都享有权利，
是由我们杰出的西方领导层，
11:55
is because of extraordinary
Western leadership
Western leadership
228
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2776
11:58
by statesmen and women
after the Second World War
after the Second World War
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2336
由政治家组成的领导层，在二战之后
12:00
that became universal rights.
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708640
1960
赋予难民的，是一项普遍权利。
12:03
Trash the protections of refugees,
and we trash our own history.
and we trash our own history.
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3640
丢弃对难民的保护，
就是丢弃我们自己的历史。
就是丢弃我们自己的历史。
12:08
This is --
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这一点……
12:09
(Applause)
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1696
（掌声）
12:11
This is also revealing
about the power of democracy
about the power of democracy
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它还揭露了一点，
我们可以把民主的力量
我们可以把民主的力量
12:15
as a refuge from dictatorship.
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比作从独裁中逃离的难民。
12:17
How many politicians have you heard say,
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2200
有许多政治家都说过，
12:20
"We believe in the power of our example,
not the example of our power."
not the example of our power."
237
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4320
“我们相信榜样的说服力，
而不是力量的展示。”
而不是力量的展示。”
12:25
What they mean is what we stand for
is more important than the bombs we drop.
is more important than the bombs we drop.
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733600
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他们是想说明，我们所坚信的，
比我们投下的炸弹更重要。
比我们投下的炸弹更重要。
12:30
Refugees seeking sanctuary
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1800
寻求庇护的难民们，
12:32
have seen the West as a source
of hope and a place of haven.
of hope and a place of haven.
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将西方看作希望和避难所。
12:38
Russians, Iranians,
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俄罗斯人，伊朗人，
12:41
Chinese, Eritreans, Cubans,
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中国人，厄立特里亚人，古巴人，
12:43
they've come to the West for safety.
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2600
他们纷纷来到西方寻求安全。
12:47
We throw that away at our peril.
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我们却因为害怕危险而置他们于不顾。
12:50
And there's one other thing
it reveals about us:
it reveals about us:
245
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2256
还有另一件事能揭露我们的本质：
12:52
whether we have any humility
for our own mistakes.
for our own mistakes.
246
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2334
对于我们自己犯下的错误，
我们是否谦虚。
我们是否谦虚。
12:55
I'm not one of these people
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我并不是那种人，
12:57
who believes that all the problems
in the world are caused by the West.
in the world are caused by the West.
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3336
认为世界上所有的问题
都是由西方引起的。
都是由西方引起的。
13:00
They're not.
249
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1216
并不是这样。
13:01
But when we make mistakes,
we should recognize it.
we should recognize it.
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但当我们犯错时，我们就应该承认。
13:04
It's not an accident
that the country which has taken
that the country which has taken
251
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美国是接收难民数量最多的国家，
13:07
more refugees than any other,
the United States,
the United States,
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2256
因此它也接收了最多的越南难民，
13:09
has taken more refugees from Vietnam
than any other country.
than any other country.
253
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3280
这就不是偶发事件了。
13:13
It speaks to the history.
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781960
1200
历史自有评判。
13:16
But there's more recent history,
in Iraq and Afghanistan.
in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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784200
2680
然而在伊拉克和阿富汗
发生的近期历史复杂得多。
发生的近期历史复杂得多。
13:19
You can't make up
for foreign policy errors
for foreign policy errors
256
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3736
你不能用人道主义行动
13:23
by humanitarian action,
257
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来粉饰外交政策的错误，
13:24
but when you break something,
you have a duty to try to help repair it,
you have a duty to try to help repair it,
258
792920
3896
但当你打破了什么东西之后，
你有义务去修复它，
你有义务去修复它，
13:28
and that's our duty now.
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2280
这就是我们现在的职责。
13:33
Do you remember
at the beginning of the talk,
at the beginning of the talk,
260
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2136
你们还记得我在一开始说的话吗，
13:35
I said I wanted to explain
that the refugee crisis
that the refugee crisis
261
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2496
我说我想解释难民危机
13:38
was manageable, not insoluble?
262
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1640
为什么是可控的，不是无解的。
13:41
That's true. I want you
to think in a new way,
to think in a new way,
263
809040
2616
这是事实。我想让大家
换一种方式来思考，
换一种方式来思考，
13:43
but I also want you to do things.
264
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2720
但同时也希望你们付诸行动。
13:47
If you're an employer,
265
815680
2176
如果你是老板，
13:49
hire refugees.
266
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1200
雇一些难民员工。
13:52
If you're persuaded by the arguments,
267
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2816
如果你被说服了，
13:55
take on the myths
268
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1496
那就
13:56
when family or friends
or workmates repeat them.
or workmates repeat them.
269
824800
2240
如果家人、朋友或者同事一再重复的话。
14:00
If you've got money, give it to charities
270
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2256
如果你有钱，捐一些出来，
14:02
that make a difference
for refugees around the world.
for refugees around the world.
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2776
给那些为全世界难民服务的慈善机构。
14:05
If you're a citizen,
272
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1200
如果你是一名公民，
14:08
vote for politicians
273
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2336
投票给那些
愿意将我说过的这些解决方案
付诸实施的政治家们。
付诸实施的政治家们。
14:10
who will put into practice
the solutions that I've talked about.
the solutions that I've talked about.
274
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3616
14:14
(Applause)
275
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4216
（掌声）
14:18
The duty to strangers
276
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2176
对陌生人的责任，
14:20
shows itself
277
848480
1976
会自己显现，
14:22
in small ways and big,
278
850480
2536
从大事小情中显现。
14:25
prosaic and heroic.
279
853040
1720
从平凡和伟大中显现。
14:27
In 1942,
280
855800
1400
1942年，
14:30
my aunt and my grandmother
were living in Brussels
were living in Brussels
281
858600
2376
我的阿姨和外婆住在布鲁塞尔，
14:33
under German occupation.
282
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1280
当时处于德国占领下。
14:36
They received a summons
283
864000
1600
她们收到传唤，
14:38
from the Nazi authorities
to go to Brussels Railway Station.
to go to Brussels Railway Station.
284
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3840
纳粹当局让她们前往布鲁塞尔火车站。
14:44
My grandmother immediately thought
something was amiss.
something was amiss.
285
872280
3080
我外婆立刻觉得事情有点不对。
14:48
She pleaded with her relatives
286
876720
2496
她苦苦劝说自己的亲戚们
14:51
not to go to Brussels Railway Station.
287
879240
2120
不要去布鲁塞尔火车站。
14:54
Her relatives said to her,
288
882240
1560
她的亲戚们说，
14:57
"If we don't go,
if we don't do what we're told,
if we don't do what we're told,
289
885440
2776
“如果我们不去，不按照他们说的做，
15:00
then we're going to be in trouble."
290
888240
1667
我们会有麻烦的。”
15:02
You can guess what happened
291
890760
1936
你们可以猜到
15:04
to the relatives who went
to Brussels Railway Station.
to Brussels Railway Station.
292
892720
2524
那些去了火车站的人遭遇了什么。
15:08
They were never seen again.
293
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1286
他们一去不复返。
15:10
But my grandmother and my aunt,
294
898160
1640
但我的外婆和阿姨
15:12
they went to a small village
295
900720
2536
跑到了一个小村庄，
15:15
south of Brussels
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在布鲁塞尔南边，
15:17
where they'd been on holiday
in the decade before,
in the decade before,
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十几年前她们曾去那里度过假，
15:21
and they presented themselves
at the house of the local farmer,
at the house of the local farmer,
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她们跑到了当地一个农民家里，
15:24
a Catholic farmer called Monsieur Maurice,
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是一位信奉天主教的农民，
叫莫里斯先生，
叫莫里斯先生，
15:27
and they asked him to take them in.
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她们求他收留。
15:30
And he did,
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他答应了，
15:32
and by the end of the war,
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到战争结束时，
15:34
17 Jews, I was told,
were living in that village.
were living in that village.
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据说有17名犹太人住在这个村子里。
15:40
And when I was teenager, I asked my aunt,
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当我十几岁的时候，我问阿姨，
15:42
"Can you take me to meet
Monsieur Maurice?"
Monsieur Maurice?"
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“你能带我去见见莫里斯先生吗？”
15:45
And she said, "Yeah, I can.
He's still alive. Let's go and see him."
He's still alive. Let's go and see him."
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她说，“没问题啊。
他还健在呢。我们去看望他吧。”
他还健在呢。我们去看望他吧。”
15:48
And so, it must have been '83, '84,
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应该有83岁，84岁了，
15:51
we went to see him.
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我们去看他。
15:52
And I suppose, like only a teenager could,
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作为一个十几岁的孩子，我可能……
15:55
when I met him,
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当我见到他的时候，
15:56
he was this white-haired gentleman,
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他已经是一位满头白发的老先生，
16:00
I said to him,
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我问他，
16:03
"Why did you do it?
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“当初你为什么要这么做？
16:05
Why did you take that risk?"
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为什么要冒那个险？”
16:09
And he looked at me and he shrugged,
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他看着我，耸耸肩，
16:11
and he said, in French,
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用法语说到，
16:13
"On doit."
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“On doit."
16:14
"One must."
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1200
“人必须这么做。”
16:16
It was innate in him.
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是天经地义的。
16:19
It was natural.
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是天性使然。
16:20
And my point to you is it should be
natural and innate in us, too.
natural and innate in us, too.
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我觉得，对我们而言
也应该如此。
也应该如此。
16:24
Tell yourself,
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要告诉自己，
16:27
this refugee crisis is manageable,
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难民危机是可控的，
16:29
not unsolvable,
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1576
不是无解的，
16:31
and each one of us
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我们每一个人
16:33
has a personal responsibility
to help make it so.
to help make it so.
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都有责任助其实现。
16:37
Because this is about the rescue
of us and our values
of us and our values
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4176
因为这关系到拯救我们自己
和我们的价值观，
和我们的价值观，
16:41
as well as the rescue
of refugees and their lives.
of refugees and their lives.
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就如同拯救难民的生命一样。
16:44
Thank you very much indeed.
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非常感谢大家。
16:45
(Applause)
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（掌声）
16:57
Bruno Giussani: David, thank you.
David Miliband: Thank you.
David Miliband: Thank you.
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布鲁诺·吉萨尼：谢谢你，大卫。
大卫·米利班德：谢谢你。
大卫·米利班德：谢谢你。
BG：这些建议都很有力，
17:00
BG: Those are strong suggestions
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你对个人责任的号召也同样有力，
17:01
and your call for individual
responsibility is very strong as well,
responsibility is very strong as well,
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3176
但我被一个想法所困扰，那就是，
17:04
but I'm troubled
by one thought, and it's this:
by one thought, and it's this:
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2216
刚刚你说的，“杰出的西方领导层”，
17:07
you mentioned, and these are your words,
"extraordinary Western leadership"
"extraordinary Western leadership"
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17:11
which led 60-something years ago
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主导了60多年前
17:12
to the whole discussion
about human rights,
about human rights,
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关于人权的讨论，
17:15
to the conventions on refugees, etc. etc.
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2720
催生了难民公约等等。
17:19
That leadership
happened after a big trauma
happened after a big trauma
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这个领导层是在
一场大灾难之后形成的，
一场大灾难之后形成的，
17:21
and happened in
a consensual political space,
a consensual political space,
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是在相互妥协的政治空间中形成的，
17:25
and now we are
in a divisive political space.
in a divisive political space.
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2136
现在我们处于一种分裂的政治空间中。
事实上，难民正是导致分歧的原因之一。
17:27
Actually, refugees have become
one of the divisive issues.
one of the divisive issues.
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2736
那么，今天的领导层会从哪里形成？
17:30
So where will leadership come from today?
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1960
17:33
DM: Well, I think that you're right to say
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DM：我觉得你说得对，
17:35
that the leadership forged in war
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在战争中形成的领导层
17:38
has a different temper
and a different tempo
and a different tempo
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2256
有着不同的脾性和节奏，
17:41
and a different outlook
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不同的观点，
17:42
than leadership forged in peace.
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跟和平时期的领导层完全不同。
17:45
And so my answer would be
the leadership has got to come from below,
the leadership has got to come from below,
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因此我的答案是，
领导层必须来自平民阶层，
领导层必须来自平民阶层，
17:49
not from above.
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而不是上层社会。
17:50
I mean, a recurring theme
of the conference this week
of the conference this week
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本次大会反复出现的一个主题
17:54
has been about
the democratization of power.
the democratization of power.
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就是关于民主化的力量。
17:58
And we've got to preserve
our own democracies,
our own democracies,
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2176
我们必须保护我们自己的民主制度，
18:00
but we've got to also activate
our own democracies.
our own democracies.
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2496
必须让它充满活力。
18:02
And when people say to me,
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1816
当人们对我说，
18:04
"There's a backlash against refugees,"
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1856
“对难民的反对很强烈。”
18:06
what I say to them is,
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1256
我的回应是，
18:07
"No, there's a polarization,
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2096
“并没有，它是一种振荡反应，
18:09
and at the moment,
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只不过此时此刻，
18:11
those who are fearful
are making more noise
are making more noise
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2000
担忧的声音
18:13
than those who are proud."
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1081104
1512
盖过了自豪的声音。”
18:14
And so my answer to your question
is that we will sponsor and encourage
is that we will sponsor and encourage
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因此对于你的问题，我的答案是，
我们会支持和鼓励领导层，
我们会支持和鼓励领导层，
18:18
and give confidence to leadership
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通过自发组织和动员，
18:20
when we mobilize ourselves.
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1776
来给予领导层信心。
18:22
And I think that when you are
in a position of looking for leadership,
in a position of looking for leadership,
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3296
我认为，如果你们在寻找领袖，
18:25
you have to look inside
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首先你需要检视自己的内心，
18:26
and mobilize in your own community
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动员社区的力量，
18:28
to try to create conditions
for a different kind of settlement.
for a different kind of settlement.
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1096640
3216
努力创造条件，打造不一样的定居点。
18:31
BG: Thank you, David.
Thanks for coming to TED.
Thanks for coming to TED.
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BG：谢谢你，大卫。
感谢来参加TED大会。
感谢来参加TED大会。
18:34
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Miliband - Refugee advocateAs president of the International Rescue Committee, David Miliband enlists his expert statesmanship in the fight against the greatest global refugee crisis since World War II.
Why you should listen
As the son of refugees, David Miliband has first-hand experience with those fleeing conflict and disaster. In 2013, he abandoned a long political career to take the helm of the International Rescue Committee, an NGO committed to emergency and long-term assistance to refugees (and founded at the call of Albert Einstein in 1933).
As a former UK Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Miliband is no stranger to cross-border politics. He is a leading voice against recent anti-refugee and immigration measures in the US, where the IRC currently runs resettlement programs in 29 cities.
David Miliband | Speaker | TED.com