Dambisa Moyo: Economic growth has stalled. Let's fix it
دامبيسا مويو: النموّ الإقتصادي في تدهور، فلنقم بإصلاحه
Dambisa Moyo is an international economist who analyzes the macroeconomy and global affairs. Full bio
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and sustain economic growth
من النمو الإقتصادي الدائم
and pandemics,
والأوبئة،
solve the economic growth challenge,
that I've just elucidated.
ذكرتها سابقا.
long-term economic growth,
that continue to pervade the globe today,
وما تزال تسود العالم،
education or economic development.
أو النمو الإقتصادي.
like the United States and across Europe
الولايات المتحدة وعبر أوروبا
after the financial crisis?
بعد الأزمة المالية؟
key drivers of economic growth:
الثلاث للنمو الإقتصادي:
continue to see debts and deficits,
ديونًا وعجزًا،
of both the quality and quantity of labor
كميّة العمل ونوعيّته
economic growth in the emerging markets,
على مستوى الأسواق الناشئة،
of the world's population lives
is under the age of 25?
at a minimum of seven percent a year
على الأقل 7% في السنة
in one generation.
في جيل واحد.
الناشئة -
50 million people --
شخص -
that seven percent magic mark.
السحري 7%.
South Africa, Brazil and even China
الجنوبية والبرازيل وحتى الصين
that seven percent number
enter into a virtuous cycle
في سلسلة من
and improved living standards.
وتحسيين مستوى العيش.
countries contract and atrophy,
سوف تضمحلّ البلدان،
of economic statistics
الإقتصادية
and how lives are lived.
powerfully for the individual.
بالنسبة للفرد.
and social instability rises,
coarser and smaller.
ورديئة وصغيرة.
rates as developed countries.
البلدان المتقدمة.
find this to be a risky proposition.
يرون هذا الإقتراح محفوفا بالمخاطر.
and be quite disillusioned
to economic growth.
إلى النمو الإقتصادي.
overpopulation of the planet.
السكان على كوكب الأرض.
recent statistics and projections
الأخيرة للولايات المتحدة
11 billion people on the planet
على هذا الكوكب
to natural resources --
على الموارد الطبيعية --
energy and minerals.
الصالحة للشراب والطاقة والمعادن.
the degradation of the environment.
that economic growth
بأن النمو الإقتصادي
of changes in living standards
على مستوى المعيشة
أنحاء العالم.
that has been driven by capitalism.
المُتأثّر بالرأسمالية.
very simply put,
capital and labor,
ورأس المال والعمل،
of the private sector and not the state.
وليس الدولة.
that we understand
هنا
is not for economic growth per se
للنمو الإقتصادي في حدّ ذاته
economic growth over the long term,
على المدى الطويل،
with a better form of economic stance.
إقتصادية أفضل.
has been defined by private actors.
على القطاعات الخاصّة.
is a very simplistic dichotomy.
يوجد انقسام بسيط.
النظام غير الرأسمالي: غير جيد.
more state capitalism,
like the Unites States
the capitalist system, however,
on countries like China
not blatantly market capitalism.
القائمة على الرأسمالية.
a real reason and real concern
on purer forms of capitalism,
أنقى من الرأسمالية،
by the United States.
من قبل الولايات المتحدة.
been afforded the critique
عدم المساواة في الدخل --
at the expense of the many.
على حساب الأكثرية.
that we need to address
can help to address social ills.
القضايا الإقتصادية.
we have to ask ourselves,
يجب أن نسأل أنفسنا،
الرأسمالية؟
of an individual utility maximizer --
القُصوى للفرد --
who goes after what he or she wants.
خلف ما يُريده.
maximized their utility
to other social contracts.
governments do tax,
تدفع الحكومات الضرائب،
to fund social programs,
لتمويل البرامج الإجنماعية،
is not just regulation
على التنظيم
الإجتماعية.
improve the capitalist model.
النموذج الرأسمالي.
two sides to this challenge.
we can improve capitalism.
الرأسمالية.
like conditional transfers,
التحويلات المشروطة،
for doing the things
لقيامهم بأشياء
can help enhance economic growth.
النمو الإقتصادي.
inoculated or immunized,
من القيام بذلك.
we should be paying people
في أي حال،
is that pay for performance
النتائج الإيجابية
on left-leaning policies.
اليسارية.
expand its role and responsibility
ومسؤوليّتها
much more of an arbiter
مسيطرة أكثر
with the success of China.
في نجاح الصين.
from just being a profit motive
in the delivery of social programs.
في تقديم البرامج الإجتماعية.
social responsibility programs,
المشتركة،
have also tended to blur the lines
إلى خلق نوع من التشويش
NGOs and private sector.
والقطاع الخاص.
are the 19th-century United States,
بالولايات المتحدة،
public-private partnerships.
الخاصّ والعام.
has also proven to the world
for the betterment of society.
العمل معا لتحسين المجتمع.
هي الآتي:
the world economic growth challenges
المتعلقة بالنمو الإقتصادي العالمي
and being unnecessarily ideological.
long-term economic growth
المستمرّ
that continue to plague the world today,
التي مازال يُعاني منها العالم،
more broad-minded
على أوسع نطاق
that ideology is the enemy of growth.
هي عدوّ النمو.
a couple of questions, Dambisa,
بعض الأسئلة دمبيسا،
to your last sentence
لك
هو إيديولوجيا،
ideology of our times.
في عصرنا.
to those who react that way?
completely legitimate,
مُباح تماما،
having that discussion.
going on around happiness
بخصوص السعادة
for measuring people's success
لقياس مدى نجاح الأشخاص
منفتحين
in people's living standards
على مستوى المعيشة
poverty around the world.
for rehabilitating growth,
إلى إعادة تأهيل النمو،
the capacity of the earth,
from the underlying use of resources.
الضمني للموارد.
about human ability and ingenuity.
تفاؤلا حول قدرة الإنسان وبراعته.
and depleting resources
about the way the world is.
العالم.
running out of resources,
that those things are not valid.
ونُنفي صحتها.
we could see desalination,
الإبداع يمكن تحلية المياه.
في مجال الطاقة،
get better outcomes.
أفضل في الواقع.
about what humans can do.
يمكن أن يقوم به البشر.
for rehabilitating growth
النموّ
to fix capitalism with more capitalism --
بالرأسمالية --
on good behavior as incentive
كدافع
for business in social issues.
مع القضايا الاجتماعية.
we have to be open-minded.
we would like them to.
economy in the world, the United States,
هو بالولايات المتحدة
as it's core political stance
لموقفها السياسي
في الأسواق الحرة
as its economic stance.
هي أساس الموقف الإقتصادي.
which is a completely different model.
للرأسمالية.
completely different political models
income inequality number
في الدخل
we should have,
في مناقشات من هذا النوع،
إلى مزيد من الحوار
much more discourse
about what we know and what we don't know.
The COP21 is going on in Paris.
مؤتمر الأطراف الدورة الحادية والعشرون
and heads of delegations there,
ورؤساء الوفود هناك،
about being open-minded.
الانفتاح.
the environmental concerns
'72 in Stockholm --
a fundamental agreement,
اتفاقية أساسية،
ما تُريده
countries believe and want
to continue to create economic growth
الاقتصادي المستمر
uncertainty in the those countries.
الثقة على المستوى السياسي في تلك الدول
important responsibility
their CO2 emissions
والعشرون
that they're contributing to the world,
على المستوى الدولي،
to the table as well.
to the emerging markets
الناشئة
at what they're doing
in developed markets.
في الأسواق المتطورة.
DM: Thank you very much.
دمبيسا: شكرا لك.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dambisa Moyo - Global economistDambisa Moyo is an international economist who analyzes the macroeconomy and global affairs.
Why you should listen
Dambisa Moyo's work examines the interplay between rapidly developing countries, international business, and the global economy -- while highlighting opportunities for investment. She has travelled to more than 60 countries over the past decade, studying the political, economic and financial workings of emerging economies, in particular the BRICs and the frontier economies in Asia, South America, Africa and the Middle East. Her latest book, Winner Take All: China’s Race for Resources and What It Means for the World, looks at how commodities markets influence much more than the global economy -- and examines the possible consequences of China's unprecedented rush for commodities such as oil, minerals, water, and food, including the looming specter of commodity-driven conflict.
She is the author of the brilliantly argued Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa and How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly and the Stark Choices Ahead. Previously, she was an economist at Goldman Sachs, where she worked for nearly a decade, and was a consultant to the World Bank in Washington.
Dambisa Moyo | Speaker | TED.com