Dambisa Moyo: Economic growth has stalled. Let's fix it
Dambisa Moyo: El crecimiento económico se ha estancado. Arreglémoslo.
Dambisa Moyo is an international economist who analyzes the macroeconomy and global affairs. Full bio
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un crecimiento en la economía
and sustain economic growth
and pandemics,
las enfermedades y las pandemias,
el terrorismo radicalizado.
solve the economic growth challenge,
hacer crecer la economía
that I've just elucidated.
que he mencionado.
el crecimiento de la economía
long-term economic growth,
sustentable a largo plazo,
that continue to pervade the globe today,
afectan al mundo entero,
education or economic development.
la educación o la economía.
en la economía,
like the United States and across Europe
como en Estados Unidos y Europa
after the financial crisis?
después de la crisis financiera?
key drivers of economic growth:
del desarrollo de la economía:
continue to see debts and deficits,
aún poseen deudas y déficit,
of both the quality and quantity of labor
y la cantidad del empleo
economic growth in the emerging markets,
en los mercados emergentes,
of the world's population lives
de la población mundial
is under the age of 25?
es menor de 25 años?
at a minimum of seven percent a year
al menos un 7 % al año
in one generation.
en una misma generación.
50 million people --
50 millones de personas,
that seven percent magic mark.
por alcanzar ese 7 %.
South Africa, Brazil and even China
Sudáfrica, Brasil y China
that seven percent number
enter into a virtuous cycle
ingresan en un ciclo virtuoso
and improved living standards.
de oportunidad y mejores niveles de vida.
countries contract and atrophy,
se contraen y se atrofian,
of economic statistics
de estadísticas económicas
and how lives are lived.
la vida y en cómo es vivida.
powerfully for the individual.
afecta profundamente al individuo.
and social instability rises,
política y social,
coarser and smaller.
se vuelven vulgares y empequeñecen.
rates as developed countries.
que los países desarrollados.
find this to be a risky proposition.
le parecerá una proposición riesgosa.
and be quite disillusioned
to economic growth.
overpopulation of the planet.
la superpoblación del planeta.
recent statistics and projections
estadísticas de la ONU
11 billion people on the planet
de personas en el mundo
to natural resources --
puede afectar a los recursos naturales
energy and minerals.
energía y minerales.
the degradation of the environment.
degradación del medio ambiente
that economic growth
que el crecimiento económico
of changes in living standards
en los estándares de vida
that has been driven by capitalism.
conducido por el capitalismo.
very simply put,
sencillamente,
capital and labor,
el capital y el empleo,
of the private sector and not the state.
y no en el Estado.
that we understand
is not for economic growth per se
no es a la economía y su crecimiento
economic growth over the long term,
en la economía a largo plazo,
with a better form of economic stance.
con una mejor postura económica.
necesita al capitalismo,
has been defined by private actors.
ha sido definido por el sector privado.
is a very simplistic dichotomy.
el no capitalismo es malo.
more state capitalism,
el capitalismo de estado,
like the Unites States
the capitalist system, however,
el sistema capitalista
on countries like China
not blatantly market capitalism.
capitalistas de mercado.
a real reason and real concern
y una preocupación
on purer forms of capitalism,
más puras de capitalismo,
by the United States.
been afforded the critique
at the expense of the many.
se benefician a expensas de la mayoría.
that we need to address
que debemos abordar son:
el crecimiento de la economía
can help to address social ills.
los problemas sociales?
we have to ask ourselves,
tenemos que preguntarnos,
of an individual utility maximizer --
la utilidad individual;
who goes after what he or she wants.
va detrás de lo que quiere.
maximized their utility
haya aumentado,
to other social contracts.
governments do tax,
cobran impuestos,
to fund social programs,
para financiar programas sociales,
is not just regulation
no es solo la regulación
de los bienes sociales.
improve the capitalist model.
el modelo capitalista.
two sides to this challenge.
en este desafío.
we can improve capitalism.
like conditional transfers,
transferencias condicionales,
for doing the things
a personas por hacer cosas
can help enhance economic growth.
a hacer crecer la economía.
inoculated or immunized,
vacunados e inmunes,
we should be paying people
que deberían hacer,
is that pay for performance
pagar por lo producido
on left-leaning policies.
las políticas de la izquierda.
expand its role and responsibility
expandir su rol y responsabilidad
much more of an arbiter
with the success of China.
con el éxito de China.
from just being a profit motive
solo obtener ganancia
in the delivery of social programs.
a programas sociales.
social responsibility programs,
responsabilidad social empresaria,
have also tended to blur the lines
de izquierda han borrado los límites
NGOs and private sector.
y el sector privado.
are the 19th-century United States,
los Estados Unidos del siglo XIX,
public-private partnerships.
públicas y privadas.
has also proven to the world
ha demostrado al mundo
for the betterment of society.
pueden ayudar juntos a la sociedad.
the world economic growth challenges
resolver los desafíos económicos
and being unnecessarily ideological.
long-term economic growth
de la economía a largo plazo
that continue to plague the world today,
que siguen apoderándose del mundo,
more broad-minded
that ideology is the enemy of growth.
es enemiga del crecimiento.
a couple of questions, Dambisa,
a lo último que dijiste
to your last sentence
la ideología dominante de hoy.
ideology of our times.
to those who react that way?
completely legitimate,
having that discussion.
a la felicidad
going on around happiness
for measuring people's success
para medir el éxito de la gente
in people's living standards
el nivel de vida de las personas
la pobreza en el mundo.
poverty around the world.
que rehabilite,
for rehabilitating growth,
the capacity of the earth,
from the underlying use of resources.
del uso de recursos subyacente.
habilidad y el ingenio humanos.
about human ability and ingenuity.
and depleting resources
about the way the world is.
por cómo es el mundo.
running out of resources,
that those things are not valid.
we could see desalination,
ver la desalinización,
get better outcomes.
about what humans can do.
de la capacidad humana.
for rehabilitating growth
de crecimiento rehabilitador
to fix capitalism with more capitalism --
el capitalismo con más capitalismo,
on good behavior as incentive
comportamiento como incentivo
for business in social issues.
en los asuntos sociales.
we have to be open-minded.
de crecimiento económico
we would like them to.
economy in the world, the United States,
del mundo, la de Estados Unidos,
as it's core political stance
de su posición política
as its economic stance.
como postura económica.
which is a completely different model.
que plantea un modelo distinto.
completely different political models
políticos completamente diferentes
completamente diferentes,
income inequality number
desigualdad en el ingreso
we should have,
much more discourse
about what we know and what we don't know.
lo que sabemos e ignoramos.
The COP21 is going on in Paris.
el COP21 está en París.
and heads of delegations there,
delegaciones que están allí,
about being open-minded.
the environmental concerns
al medio ambiente
'72 in Stockholm --
a fundamental agreement,
countries believe and want
los países desarrollados
de mercados emergentes.
to continue to create economic growth
deben hacer crecer su economía
uncertainty in the those countries.
inseguridad política en esos países.
important responsibility
their CO2 emissions
that they're contributing to the world,
a la que contribuyen en el mundo
marcar tendencia en I+D.
to the table as well.
to the emerging markets
a los mercados emergentes
at what they're doing
in developed markets.
en los mercados desarrollados.
DM: Thank you very much.
DM: Muchas gracias.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dambisa Moyo - Global economistDambisa Moyo is an international economist who analyzes the macroeconomy and global affairs.
Why you should listen
Dambisa Moyo's work examines the interplay between rapidly developing countries, international business, and the global economy -- while highlighting opportunities for investment. She has travelled to more than 60 countries over the past decade, studying the political, economic and financial workings of emerging economies, in particular the BRICs and the frontier economies in Asia, South America, Africa and the Middle East. Her latest book, Winner Take All: China’s Race for Resources and What It Means for the World, looks at how commodities markets influence much more than the global economy -- and examines the possible consequences of China's unprecedented rush for commodities such as oil, minerals, water, and food, including the looming specter of commodity-driven conflict.
She is the author of the brilliantly argued Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa and How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly and the Stark Choices Ahead. Previously, she was an economist at Goldman Sachs, where she worked for nearly a decade, and was a consultant to the World Bank in Washington.
Dambisa Moyo | Speaker | TED.com