Jim Yong Kim: Doesn't everyone deserve a chance at a good life?
جيم يونغ كيم: ألا يستحق الجميع فرصة لحياة جيدة؟
Jim Yong Kim is leading a global effort to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
over the last five years
countries in the world.
أينما ذهبت
I see all the time everywhere,
are looking at a smartphone,
in even the poorest countries.
حتى في أفقر الدول.
all over the world.
في كل بقاع الأرض.
that there's a convergence of aspirations.
بالتقارب مع بعضها.
to actually look into this.
البحث في ذلك
all around the world?
حول العالم؟
about satisfaction in life
من طرف مؤسسة غالوب حول الرضا بالحياة
that if you have access to the internet,
إلى تصفّح الانترنت
that's very important:
شيء مهمٌ جدّاً
مدى رضاكم عن دخلكم
of a nation, for example,
لمواطني دولة ما
have to go up at least five percent
level of satisfaction.
into the lower percentiles of income,
goes up 10 percent,
are linked to opportunity
in the country I was born in, in Korea?
going to meet frustration?
because between 2012 and 2015,
فبين عامي 2012 و2015،
increased by 74 percent.
went up 150 percent.
بنسبة 150٪
of fragility, conflict, violence,
والصراعات والعنف
of the world's poor
اللذين يعيشون
of fragility, conflict and violence.
about meeting these aspirations?
to meet these aspirations?
I'm extremely worried.
because of access to the internet.
لم يسبق له مثيل بسبب الانترنت.
my own personal story.
scholarships to go to New York City.
في نيويورك.
and got married in New York City.
في مدينة نيويورك وتزوجا.
in the northern part of the country,
في سن التاسعة عشرة
and living in New York,
at Patricia Murphy's restaurant.
باتريشيا ميرفي.
to live in a place like New York City
مثل نيويورك
and they came back to Korea,
as kind of an idyllic life,
in Korea at that time
of the poorest in the world
the street from our house all the time,
against the military government.
الحكومة العسكرية.
the organization I lead now,
التي أترأسها الآن
find it difficult without foreign aid
سيصعب على كوريا
than the bare necessities of life.
احتياجات الحياة الأساسية.
Korea is in a tough position,
what life is like in the United States.
الحياة في الولايات المتحدة
My brother was born there.
to give us an opportunity
to the United States.
all over again.
شهادة طب الأسنان مرة أخرى
moving to Iowa, of all places.
through the whole course.
something that I'll never forget,
after my sophomore year in college,
كان والدي
what are your aspirations?
What do you want to do?"
ما مجال العمل الذي تريده؟
and had filled us with ideas
فكراً مشبعاً بالعدالة الاجتماعية
political science and philosophy,
part of a political movement."
over to the side of the road --
you can study anything you want."
يمكنك دراسة ما تشاء"
to a mostly Asian audience before.
لجمهور من أغلبية أسيوية
هزّوا رؤوسهم فقط
my father died at a young age,
وهو ما يزال صغير السن
في السابعة والخمسين من العمر،
of my medical and graduate studies --
by doing medicine and anthropology.
من خلال دراسة الطب وعلم الإنسان معا
I met these two people,
تعرفت على هذين الشخصين
getting our PhD's in anthropology.
في علم الإنسان.
some pretty fundamental questions.
of studying medicine and anthropology --
دراسة الطب وعلم الإنسان...
in a bus in a swamp in Florida.
elaborate educations,
of our responsibility to the world?
to start an organization.
there's a movie made about that.
that was just a brilliant movie
called "Bending the Arc."
"انحناء القوس"
في يناير الماضي.
who made it happen.
about what it would take for us
reach the level
communities in the world.
الأكثر فقراً في العالم.
to Haiti in 1988,
a sort of mission statement,
حددنا ما يشبه بيان أهداف المنظمة،
a preferential option for the poor
were graduate students in anthropology.
طلاب دراسات عليا في علم الإنسان.
and down the other.
of how are we going to structure our work?
about a preferential option for the poor
for your own sense of heroism.
بأنك بطل
how to lift the poor out of poverty.
for your own organization.
for your poor.
and maybe a feeding program.
تنظيم برنامج غذاء.
was a hospital.
كان مشفى.
with the opportunities
from others, relatives, for example,
من أقربائهم، مثلاً،
of opportunities as my parents did.
We built hospitals.
to try to give them opportunities.
in this community, Carabayllo,
عندما كنا في هذا المنطقة: كارابايو
في البيرو.
to people's homes and talking to people,
والتحدث مع الناس.
of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
المقاوم للأدوية.
he was about 18 years old,
وكان يبلغ الثامنة عشرة من العمر.
of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
من السل المقاوم للأدوية.
the global health gurus,
خبراء الصحة على المستوى العالمي
to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis.
ليس مجدياً اقتصادياً.
they were getting angry at us,
we would have done it.
were the World Health Organization
منظمة الصحة العالمية
we fought with most
to take his medicines,
did Melquiades's family ever say,
is just not cost-effective.
and treat somebody else?"
for about 10 years
لعشر سنوات تقريباً
our annual meetings in Lima, Peru
في مدينة ليما في البيرو
because he goes to the film openings,
إلى العروض الافتتاحية للفيلم،
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis --
المقاوم للأدوية
in the early 2000s about HIV.
حول مرض نقص المناعة المكتسبة
people in the world said
حول العالم
to treat HIV in poor countries.
المناعة المكتسبة في الدول الفقيرة.
you can't do it.
لا يمكنك علاجه.
that he was not cost-effective.
أنه ليس مجدٍ اقتصادياً
and this is what he looked like.
أصبح بهذا الشكل.
of HIV treatment.
تأثير لازاروس لعلاج الإيدز
a few months later.
that kept saying it's not cost-effective.
في رأيها أن ذلك لم يكن مجدٍ اقتصادياً
requires us to raise our aspirations
منّا أن نرفع سقف طموحاتنا
but it's just not cost-effective.
إلّا أنه ليس مجدياً اقتصادياً.
that we have operated Partners in Health,
في "شركاء في الصحة"
basically, the World Bank.
البنك الدولي نفسه
on just economic growth
have to shrink their budgets
in health, education and social welfare --
والتعليم والرعاية الاجتماعية...
to be President of the World Bank.
لرئاسة البنك الدولي.
with President Obama's team,
مع فريق الرئيس أوباما،
and they had read every page.
النمو" وأحضروا معهم نسخهم
of the World Bank Group in July of 2012,
في تموز من عام 2012،
"Our dream is a world free of poverty."
"حلمنا عالمٌ خالٍ من الفقر"
we actually turned it into a goal:
at the World Bank Group.
في مجموعة البنك الدولي.
the preferential option for the poor
معي شعار الخيار التفضيلي للفقراء
with you some concerns,
so much better than I do,
You've all heard that.
that two thirds of all jobs,
in developing countries,
في الدول النامية،
to make up for those jobs
فرص العمل
into a formal labor force.
المجتمعية جزء من القوة العاملة
and as people have formal work,
وحصول العاملين على عمل رسمي
that you add to it
that will have a huge impact,
that grows the most.
that bothers me:
that the jobs of the future
in childhood stunting.
قصور تطور الدماغ عند الأطفال
who shared these with us
تشارلز نيلسون
on the one side, on the left side,
not adequate stimulation.
وبالتالي التحفيز المناسب.
of course, is a normal child,
دماغ طفل طبيعي
has all of these neuronal connections.
بشكل كامل.
are important,
the definition of human capital.
can reduce these rates.
تقليص تلك النسب
of childhood stunting quickly,
with 38 percent childhood stunting,
فكيف ستنافس الهند مثلاً في اقتصاد المستقبل
in the economy of the future
من قصور نمو الدماغ لدى أطفالها،
cannot achieve educationally
غير قادرة على التحصيل الدراسي
about achieving economically
the country as a whole grow.
is the size of the global economy.
78 تريليون دولار.
in negative interest rate bonds.
سندات مالية ذات فائدة سلبية.
the German central bank your money
للبنك المركزي الألماني
بالفائدة السلبية
in very low-earning government bonds.
حكومية ضئيلة الأرباح.
in the hands of rich people
is now use our own tools --
first-loss risk debt instruments,
مخاطر الديون،
blended finance,
والتمويل المتعدد
political risk insurance,
السياسية،
at the World Bank Group
في مجموعة البنك الدولي
to make themselves richer,
لزيادة ثرواتهم.
on behalf of the poor
بالنيابة عن الفقراء
private-sector players into a country
من القطاع الخاص إلى بلد ما
from the World Bank
من البنك الدولي
and we do all the things you need
from having a cost of electricity
كلفة الكهرباء
doing the auction,
a kilowatt-hour. It's possible.
في الساعة. إنه ممكن.
literally are rocket scientists.
توصلوا لطريقة
how to use drones in Rwanda.
طائرات بلا طيار في روندا.
anywhere in the country
huge amounts of money for Rwanda.
and we need that from all of you.
a little bit of time in your brains
that you work on,
the design that you do.
والتصاميم التي تنتجونها.
of extraordinary win-win solutions.
المفيدة لنا جميعاً.
with one final story.
and I was in a classroom.
of 11-year-olds.
of the World Bank."
and their teachers laughed.
والمدرسين كذلك.
this is what it looked like.
كانت بلدي في هذه الحالة.
the President of the World Bank,
حينها، جورج دايفد ودز
and come to my classroom,
of the World Bank
President of the World Bank.
that was the poorest in the world.
pull up the ladder behind me.
those Zipline-type solutions
ابتكار حلول كزيبلاين
leapfrog into a better world,
إلى عالم أفضل.
until we work together.
and especially for your children --
وخاصة لأطفالك...
and compassion we bring
provides equality of opportunity
سنوفر فرصاً عادلة
to hear a talk like this
خطاب كهذا
a little more specific on your proposal.
بتفاصيل عرضك.
entrepreneurs in this room.
ورواد الأعمال في الحضور.
What's your proposal?
ما هو عرضك لهم؟
for just a second.
الأرقام للحظة؟
JYK: So here's what we did.
جيم: هذا ما أنجزناه.
in developing country infrastructure,
البنية التحتية للدول النامية،
they can't take the risk.
for people who pay for insurance.
الذين يشترون خدمات التأمين.
International Development Association
جمعية سويدش انترناشيونال للتطوير
more money, a hundred million,
مائة مليون دولار
meaning if this thing goes bad,
ففي حال فشل المشروع
a 90-percent chunk, tranche
so the insurance companies invested.
فقامت شركات التأمين بالاستثمار.
is taking our public money
specific instruments
on trillions of dollars of cash,
من الأموال،
looking for are investment proposals
in the developing world.
in infrastructure that brings energy,
التحتية لإنتاج الطاقة،
are necessary to create jobs,
فرص العمل،
you're working on
أن التكنولوجيا التي تطورونها
in the developing world,
of the technology.
with the Rwandans early
completely on their own.
We will make the introductions.
سنعرّفكم بالأشخاص المعنيين.
We will help you do that.
لتنجحوا.
is the World Bank willing to deploy
الذي يمكن أن تقدموه
to try to do something like this.
في هذا الموقف.
JYK: So here's what we're going to do.
جيم: حسناً، هذه خطتنا:
that we're investing in poor countries,
في الدول الفقيرة،
over the next three years,
more effectively.
It depends on the quality of the ideas.
ذلك يعتمد على جودة الأفكار.
is going to be the problem.
from the man himself.
JYK: Thank you. Thank you.
جيم: شكراً، شكراً.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jim Yong Kim - President, World Bank GroupJim Yong Kim is leading a global effort to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity.
Why you should listen
Jim Yong Kim is the 12th president of the World Bank Group. Soon after he assumed his position in July 2012, the organization established two goals to guide its work: to end extreme poverty by 2030 and to boost shared prosperity, focusing on the bottom 40 percent of the population in developing countries. In September 2016, the World Bank Group Board unanimously reappointed Kim to a second five-year term as president.
During his first term, the World Bank Group supported the development priorities of countries at levels never seen outside a financial crisis and, with its partners, achieved two successive, record replenishments of the World Bank Group’s fund for the poorest. The institution also launched several innovative financial instruments, including facilities to address infrastructure needs, prevent pandemics and help the millions of people forcibly displaced from their homes by climate shocks, conflict, and violence.
Kim's career has revolved around health, education and delivering services to the poor. In 1987, he co-founded Partners In Health, a nonprofit medical organization that works in poor communities on four continents. He has received a MacArthur "genius" grant, was recognized as one of America's "25 Best Leaders" by U.S. News & World Report and was named one of TIME magazine's "100 Most Influential People in the World.
Jim Yong Kim | Speaker | TED.com