Jim Yong Kim: Doesn't everyone deserve a chance at a good life?
ג'ים יונג קים: האם לא מגיע לכל אחד סיכוי לחיים טובים?
Jim Yong Kim is leading a global effort to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. Full bio
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over the last five years
countries in the world.
I see all the time everywhere,
are looking at a smartphone,
in even the poorest countries.
אפילו במדינות העניות ביותר.
all over the world.
that there's a convergence of aspirations.
to actually look into this.
all around the world?
about satisfaction in life
על שביעות רצון בחיים
that if you have access to the internet,
that's very important:
of a nation, for example,
have to go up at least five percent
צריכות לעלות לפחות ב 5 אחוזים
level of satisfaction.
into the lower percentiles of income,
הנמוכים יותר,
goes up 10 percent,
are linked to opportunity
in the country I was born in, in Korea?
going to meet frustration?
because between 2012 and 2015,
increased by 74 percent.
went up 150 percent.
of fragility, conflict, violence,
of the world's poor
of fragility, conflict and violence.
about meeting these aspirations?
to meet these aspirations?
I'm extremely worried.
because of access to the internet.
הגישה לאינטרנט.
my own personal story.
scholarships to go to New York City.
לנסוע לניו-יורק.
and got married in New York City.
in the northern part of the country,
and living in New York,
at Patricia Murphy's restaurant.
to live in a place like New York City
and they came back to Korea,
as kind of an idyllic life,
in Korea at that time
of the poorest in the world
the street from our house all the time,
against the military government.
the organization I lead now,
הארגון שאני מוביל עכשיו,
find it difficult without foreign aid
מאוד, ללא עזרה מבחוץ
than the bare necessities of life.
צורכיהם הבסיסיים.
Korea is in a tough position,
what life is like in the United States.
My brother was born there.
to give us an opportunity
to the United States.
all over again.
moving to Iowa, of all places.
through the whole course.
something that I'll never forget,
after my sophomore year in college,
השנייה שלי במכללה,
what are your aspirations?
What do you want to do?"
and had filled us with ideas
ומילאה אותנו ברעיונות
political science and philosophy,
מדע המדינה ופילוסופיה,
part of a political movement."
over to the side of the road --
you can study anything you want."
ותוכל ללמוד כל מה שתרצה".
to a mostly Asian audience before.
קהל אסייתי ברובו.
my father died at a young age,
of my medical and graduate studies --
הרפואה שלי ולימודי התואר השני -
by doing medicine and anthropology.
לימוד רפואה ואנתרופולוגיה
I met these two people,
שני האנשים האלה,
getting our PhD's in anthropology.
באנתרופולוגיה.
some pretty fundamental questions.
of studying medicine and anthropology --
ללמוד רפואה ואנתרופולוגיה -
in a bus in a swamp in Florida.
elaborate educations,
עד לכדי גיחוך, שקיבלנו,
of our responsibility to the world?
to start an organization.
there's a movie made about that.
that was just a brilliant movie
called "Bending the Arc."
who made it happen.
about what it would take for us
reach the level
communities in the world.
to Haiti in 1988,
a sort of mission statement,
a preferential option for the poor
אופציה מועדפת עבור העניים
were graduate students in anthropology.
באנתרופולוגיה.
and down the other.
of how are we going to structure our work?
העבודה שלנוו?
about a preferential option for the poor
for your own sense of heroism.
תחושת הגבורה שלכם.
how to lift the poor out of poverty.
for your own organization.
for your poor.
מבחינת עלות-תועלת
and maybe a feeding program.
was a hospital.
with the opportunities
from others, relatives, for example,
of opportunities as my parents did.
We built hospitals.
to try to give them opportunities.
על מנת לתת להם הזדמנויות.
in this community, Carabayllo,
to people's homes and talking to people,
of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
שעמידה להרבה תרופות.
he was about 18 years old,
of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
של שחפת עמידה לתרופות.
the global health gurus,
הבריאות העולמית,
to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis.
לטפל בשחפת עמידה לתרופות.
they were getting angry at us,
we would have done it.
were the World Health Organization
היו מארגון הבריאות העולמי
we fought with most
to take his medicines,
לקחת את התרופות,
did Melquiades's family ever say,
is just not cost-effective.
פשוט לא משתלם מבחינת עלות-תועלת..
and treat somebody else?"
for about 10 years
our annual meetings in Lima, Peru
because he goes to the film openings,
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis --
in the early 2000s about HIV.
בתחילת שנות ה -2000.
people in the world said
בעולם אמרו
to treat HIV in poor countries.
you can't do it.
that he was not cost-effective.
שהוא לא חולה לא משתלם מבחינת עלות-תועלת.
and this is what he looked like.
of HIV treatment.
a few months later.
that kept saying it's not cost-effective.
מבחינת עלות-תועלת.
requires us to raise our aspirations
אותנו להעלות את שאיפותינו
but it's just not cost-effective.
אבל לא משתלם כלכלית.
that we have operated Partners in Health,
basically, the World Bank.
on just economic growth
have to shrink their budgets
in health, education and social welfare --
החינוך והרווחה החברתית -
to be President of the World Bank.
with President Obama's team,
עם הצוות של הנשיא
and they had read every page.
שהם קראו מילה במילה.
of the World Bank Group in July of 2012,
הבנק העולמי ביולי 2012.
"Our dream is a world free of poverty."
הוא עולם ללא עוני".
we actually turned it into a goal:
at the World Bank Group.
the preferential option for the poor
האופציה המועדפת עבור העניים
with you some concerns,
so much better than I do,
You've all heard that.
כולכם שמעתם על כך.
that two thirds of all jobs,
מכלל מקומות העבודה,
in developing countries,
to make up for those jobs
into a formal labor force.
לכוח עבודה רשמי.
and as people have formal work,
תהיה עבודה רשמית,
that you add to it
that will have a huge impact,
that grows the most.
that bothers me:
that the jobs of the future
in childhood stunting.
who shared these with us
on the one side, on the left side,
not adequate stimulation.
of course, is a normal child,
has all of these neuronal connections.
are important,
the definition of human capital.
can reduce these rates.
of childhood stunting quickly,
with 38 percent childhood stunting,
בהודו, יש 38% עיכוב בהתפתחות ילדים.
in the economy of the future
cannot achieve educationally
לא יוכלו לרכוש השכלה
about achieving economically
the country as a whole grow.
is the size of the global economy.
in negative interest rate bonds.
באגרות חוב בתשואה שלילית.
the German central bank your money
לבנק המרכזי הגרמני
in very low-earning government bonds.
עם תשואות נמוכות מאוד.
in the hands of rich people
אנשים עשירים
is now use our own tools --
first-loss risk debt instruments,
blended finance,
political risk insurance,
at the World Bank Group
to make themselves richer,
כדי להיות יותר עשירים,
on behalf of the poor
באגרסיביות מספקת בשם העניים
private-sector players into a country
מהמגזר הפרטי
from the World Bank
and we do all the things you need
from having a cost of electricity
doing the auction,
a kilowatt-hour. It's possible.
לקילוואט שעה. זה אפשרי.
literally are rocket scientists.
how to use drones in Rwanda.
anywhere in the country
huge amounts of money for Rwanda.
and we need that from all of you.
a little bit of time in your brains
that you work on,
the design that you do.
of extraordinary win-win solutions.
שישתלמו לכולם.
with one final story.
and I was in a classroom.
of 11-year-olds.
of the World Bank."
and their teachers laughed.
this is what it looked like.
the President of the World Bank,
נשיא הבנק העולמי,
and come to my classroom,
לכיתה שלי,
of the World Bank
President of the World Bank.
that was the poorest in the world.
pull up the ladder behind me.
those Zipline-type solutions
מסוג זיפליין
leapfrog into a better world,
until we work together.
and especially for your children --
and compassion we bring
האכפתיות והחמלה שאנחנו מביאים
provides equality of opportunity
to hear a talk like this
a little more specific on your proposal.
ספציפי בהצעה שלך.
entrepreneurs in this room.
What's your proposal?
for just a second.
JYK: So here's what we did.
ג'.י.ק.: אז זה מה שעשינו.
in developing country infrastructure,
בתשתית מדינה מתפתחת,
they can't take the risk.
for people who pay for insurance.
עבור ביטוח.
International Development Association
more money, a hundred million,
meaning if this thing goes bad,
כלומר אם הדבר נכשל,
a 90-percent chunk, tranche
so the insurance companies invested.
כך שחב' הביטוח השקיעו.
is taking our public money
את הכסף הציבורי שלנו
specific instruments
on trillions of dollars of cash,
looking for are investment proposals
in the developing world.
in infrastructure that brings energy,
are necessary to create jobs,
you're working on
in the developing world,
of the technology.
with the Rwandans early
עם הרואנדים
completely on their own.
We will make the introductions.
ניזום את ההיכרויות.
We will help you do that.
is the World Bank willing to deploy
to try to do something like this.
לנסות לעשות משהו כזה.
JYK: So here's what we're going to do.
.ג'.י.ק.: אז זה מה שנעשה.
that we're investing in poor countries,
over the next three years,
more effectively.
It depends on the quality of the ideas.
זה תלוי באיכות הרעיונות שלכם.
is going to be the problem.
from the man himself.
JYK: Thank you. Thank you.
.ג'.י.ק.: תודה. תודה.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jim Yong Kim - President, World Bank GroupJim Yong Kim is leading a global effort to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity.
Why you should listen
Jim Yong Kim is the 12th president of the World Bank Group. Soon after he assumed his position in July 2012, the organization established two goals to guide its work: to end extreme poverty by 2030 and to boost shared prosperity, focusing on the bottom 40 percent of the population in developing countries. In September 2016, the World Bank Group Board unanimously reappointed Kim to a second five-year term as president.
During his first term, the World Bank Group supported the development priorities of countries at levels never seen outside a financial crisis and, with its partners, achieved two successive, record replenishments of the World Bank Group’s fund for the poorest. The institution also launched several innovative financial instruments, including facilities to address infrastructure needs, prevent pandemics and help the millions of people forcibly displaced from their homes by climate shocks, conflict, and violence.
Kim's career has revolved around health, education and delivering services to the poor. In 1987, he co-founded Partners In Health, a nonprofit medical organization that works in poor communities on four continents. He has received a MacArthur "genius" grant, was recognized as one of America's "25 Best Leaders" by U.S. News & World Report and was named one of TIME magazine's "100 Most Influential People in the World.
Jim Yong Kim | Speaker | TED.com