Jim Yong Kim: Doesn't everyone deserve a chance at a good life?
짐 김용: 짐 김용 TED2017 강연
Jim Yong Kim is leading a global effort to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
over the last five years
이야기를 나눌까 합니다.
돌아본 뜻깊은 시간이었습니다.
countries in the world.
I see all the time everywhere,
보는 장면입니다.
are looking at a smartphone,
in even the poorest countries.
큰 영향을 끼치고 있습니다.
all over the world.
일어나는 거라고 말했습니다.
that there's a convergence of aspirations.
to actually look into this.
all around the world?
about satisfaction in life
같은 것을 살펴봤습니다.
that if you have access to the internet,
that's very important:
다른 것도 있습니다.
of a nation, for example,
10%가 올라 간다면
국민의 소득은 적어도
have to go up at least five percent
만족도가 유지됩니다.
level of satisfaction.
into the lower percentiles of income,
더 증가해야 합니다.
goes up 10 percent,
are linked to opportunity
in the country I was born in, in Korea?
그런 상황말이죠.
going to meet frustration?
because between 2012 and 2015,
74% 증가했기 때문입니다.
increased by 74 percent.
went up 150 percent.
150%까지 늘었습니다.
of fragility, conflict, violence,
상황에 놓여 있습니다.
of the world's poor
60%이상의 사람들이
of fragility, conflict and violence.
상황 속에 살게 됩니다.
about meeting these aspirations?
어떻게 해야 할까요?
to meet these aspirations?
I'm extremely worried.
너무나 걱정이 됩니다.
because of access to the internet.
그 어떤 때보다 높아지고 있습니다.
모두들 알고 있습니다.
함께 생겼습니까?
my own personal story.
이야기를 들려드릴까 합니다.
어린 동생을 등에 업고
서울을 떠나 피난하셨습니다.
scholarships to go to New York City.
장학금을 받으셨습니다.
and got married in New York City.
결혼하셨습니다.
in the northern part of the country,
and living in New York,
at Patricia Murphy's restaurant.
식당의 종업원이셨죠.
to live in a place like New York City
사는 것이 어떤 건지 이해하셨죠.
and they came back to Korea,
as kind of an idyllic life,
시골 생활을 했습니다.
in Korea at that time
of the poorest in the world
the street from our house all the time,
항상 시위가 있었고
against the military government.
the organization I lead now,
find it difficult without foreign aid
than the bare necessities of life.
제공 못할 거라 생각했습니다.
Korea is in a tough position,
어려운 상황에 있었습니다.
what life is like in the United States.
My brother was born there.
거기서 동생도 태어났고요.
to give us an opportunity
열망에 맞는 기회를 주기 위해서
to the United States.
한다고 생각하셨습니다.
all over again.
moving to Iowa, of all places.
이사가게 되었습니다.
through the whole course.
완전한 경로를 거쳤습니다.
something that I'll never forget,
잊지 못할 일이 생겼는데
after my sophomore year in college,
아버지께서 저를 차에 태우고
what are your aspirations?
What do you want to do?"
and had filled us with ideas
생각하도록 해주셨습니다.
political science and philosophy,
철학을 공부할 거예요.
part of a political movement."
참여할 거예요."라고 했습니다.
over to the side of the road --
바라보시면서 말씀하셨죠.
하고 싶은 거 다 해라."
you can study anything you want."
to a mostly Asian audience before.
아시아인들에게 얘기했었거든요.
그저 고개만 끄덕여요.
my father died at a young age,
젊은 나이에 돌아가셨습니다.
of my medical and graduate studies --
하는 와중에 돌아가셨죠.
by doing medicine and anthropology.
돌려가며 공부했습니다.
I met these two people,
이 두 사람을 만나게 됩니다.
하고 있었습니다.
getting our PhD's in anthropology.
some pretty fundamental questions.
질문을 하기 시작했습니다.
of studying medicine and anthropology --
엄청난 특권을 가진 사람들에게는...
in a bus in a swamp in Florida.
진흙탕 속 버스에서 자랐습니다.
즐겨 불렀어요.
elaborate educations,
of our responsibility to the world?
책임의 본질은 무엇일까?
to start an organization.
생각했습니다.
there's a movie made about that.
그것에 대한 영화도 있습니다.
that was just a brilliant movie
called "Bending the Arc."
영화제에 출품했습니다.
who made it happen.
about what it would take for us
가장 빈곤한 지역의 수준으로
reach the level
communities in the world.
to Haiti in 1988,
아이티에 방문했고
a sort of mission statement,
a preferential option for the poor
우선사항으로 삼는 것입니다.
were graduate students in anthropology.
인류학 전공 대학원생이었죠.
and down the other.
of how are we going to structure our work?
결론을 내려야 했죠.
라고 불렀습니다.
우선사항이란 뜻이죠.
about a preferential option for the poor
우선사항에서 제일 중요한 건
for your own sense of heroism.
우선사항이 있어선 안되죠.
how to lift the poor out of poverty.
우선사항이 아닙니다.
for your own organization.
우선사항이 아닙니다.
for your poor.
우선사항이 아닙니다.
비용효과가 큰 것은
and maybe a feeding program.
급식 프로그램이라고 했습니다.
was a hospital.
with the opportunities
기회를 주길 원했습니다.
from others, relatives, for example,
사람들에게서 들은 기회죠.
of opportunities as my parents did.
똑같은 기회를 원했습니다.
We built hospitals.
to try to give them opportunities.
모든 것을 했습니다.
in this community, Carabayllo,
"건강의 동반자"인데요.
to people's homes and talking to people,
집으로 가서 이야기하면서
of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
결핵이 만연함을 알게 됐습니다.
he was about 18 years old,
18살 정도의 환자였는데
of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
결핵을 앓고 있었습니다.
the global health gurus,
보건 전문가들이 말하길
to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis.
비용효율이 없다고 했습니다.
될 수가 없다고 했습니다.
they were getting angry at us,
we would have done it.
were the World Health Organization
세계보건기구 사람들이었고
we fought with most
있는 일을 다 했어요.
to take his medicines,
did Melquiades's family ever say,
한 번도 이런 말을 안 했어요.
is just not cost-effective.
and treat somebody else?"
for about 10 years
10년은 보지 못했는데
our annual meetings in Lima, Peru
because he goes to the film openings,
반박 의견을 이겼죠.
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis --
결핵을 치료해야 합니다.
in the early 2000s about HIV.
똑같은 얘기를 들었습니다.
people in the world said
보건 전문가가 말했습니다.
to treat HIV in poor countries.
불가능하다고요.
you can't do it.
할 수 없다고요.
that he was not cost-effective.
없다고 말한 적이 없어요.
and this is what he looked like.
지금은 이렇습니다.
of HIV treatment.
나사로 효과라고 부릅니다.
a few months later.
that kept saying it's not cost-effective.
requires us to raise our aspirations
열망을 충족시켜야 한다고 했습니다.
but it's just not cost-effective.
비용 효율이 없다고 했습니다.
that we have operated Partners in Health,
건강의 동반자를 운영했고
basically, the World Bank.
너무 집중하고 있고
on just economic growth
have to shrink their budgets
in health, education and social welfare --
줄여야 한다고 하기 때문에
잘못이라고 생각했습니다.
일이 벌어졌습니다.
to be President of the World Bank.
세계은행 총재로 지명한 겁니다.
with President Obama's team,
검증 과정을 위해 갔을 때
and they had read every page.
책을 모두 읽었습니다.
of the World Bank Group in July of 2012,
문을 열고 걸어들어 가자
"Our dream is a world free of poverty."
"우리의 꿈은 빈곤없는 세상이다."
we actually turned it into a goal:
그것을 목표로 했습니다.
at the World Bank Group.
그 일을 하고 있습니다.
the preferential option for the poor
우선사항을 도입한 것 같습니다.
with you some concerns,
so much better than I do,
You've all heard that.
모든 일자리의 3분의 2인
that two thirds of all jobs,
in developing countries,
to make up for those jobs
into a formal labor force.
전환하는 겁니다.
and as people have formal work,
사람들이 정규직을 갖게 되면
훈련시킬 수 있게 됩니다.
that you add to it
소프트 스킬을 훈련시켜서
that will have a huge impact,
that grows the most.
큰 분야일 겁니다.
that bothers me:
걱정스러운 것이 있는데요.
that the jobs of the future
확실해 보이고
in childhood stunting.
who shared these with us
on the one side, on the left side,
not adequate stimulation.
of course, is a normal child,
has all of these neuronal connections.
모두 되어 있습니다.
are important,
the definition of human capital.
can reduce these rates.
있음을 우리는 압니다.
of childhood stunting quickly,
감소시킬 수 있지만
with 38 percent childhood stunting,
아무 일도 안하면
in the economy of the future
어떻게 경쟁하겠습니까.
cannot achieve educationally
교육을 못 받으면요.
about achieving economically
the country as a whole grow.
수 있을까 걱정합니다.
is the size of the global economy.
in negative interest rate bonds.
마이너스 금리 국채에 묶여있습니다.
the German central bank your money
독일 중앙은행에 돈을 줬는데
돈을 지불한다는 뜻입니다.
매우 낮은 국채에 있습니다.
in very low-earning government bonds.
in the hands of rich people
is now use our own tools --
괴짜처럼 하는 겁니다.
first-loss risk debt instruments,
채무 방법을 말하는 겁니다.
blended finance,
말씀드리는 겁니다.
political risk insurance,
at the World Bank Group
to make themselves richer,
on behalf of the poor
적극적으로 쓰지 않는다는 겁니다.
private-sector players into a country
from the World Bank
만든 해결방법인데요.
and we do all the things you need
유치에 필요한 걸 다 합니다.
from having a cost of electricity
25센트로 전기를 생산하다가
doing the auction,
a kilowatt-hour. It's possible.
가능합니다.
literally are rocket scientists.
how to use drones in Rwanda.
사용하는 법을 생각해냈습니다.
날리는 장면인데요.
anywhere in the country
huge amounts of money for Rwanda.
and we need that from all of you.
여러분에게서 필요합니다.
a little bit of time in your brains
that you work on,
the design that you do.
설계를 생각해 주세요.
of extraordinary win-win solutions.
생각할 수 있는지 함께 알아봅시다.
with one final story.
하나만 들려드릴게요.
and I was in a classroom.
of 11-year-olds.
교실에 있는 모습인데요.
of the World Bank."
and their teachers laughed.
선생님들도 웃었어요.
this is what it looked like.
이런 상황이었어요.
the President of the World Bank,
조지 데이빗 우즈가
and come to my classroom,
제 교실에 왔다면
총재가 앉아있을 거라고
of the World Bank
President of the World Bank.
말하게 하지 마세요.
한 가지만 말씀드리겠습니다.
that was the poorest in the world.
나라 출신입니다.
pull up the ladder behind me.
치우지도 않을 겁니다.
those Zipline-type solutions
leapfrog into a better world,
발돋움 할 수 있게 도울 수 있지만
until we work together.
and especially for your children --
어린이들을 위해서요.
and compassion we bring
provides equality of opportunity
모든 어린이를 위한
to hear a talk like this
생각하실 겁니다.
제안하시길 바래요.
a little more specific on your proposal.
entrepreneurs in this room.
사업가들이 있으니까요.
어떤 제안을 하실 겁니까?
What's your proposal?
괴짜같이 해도 될까요?
for just a second.
JYK: 저희는 이렇게 했습니다.
JYK: So here's what we did.
인프라에 절대 투자하지 않습니다.
in developing country infrastructure,
they can't take the risk.
사람들을 위해 자금을 보유하죠.
for people who pay for insurance.
International Development Association
1억 달러를 만들었고
more money, a hundred million,
즉 일이 잘못 되면
meaning if this thing goes bad,
a 90-percent chunk, tranche
so the insurance companies invested.
보험회사가 투자했습니다.
is taking our public money
specific instruments
on trillions of dollars of cash,
앉아 계신 분들은
looking for are investment proposals
찾는 투자 제안이
in the developing world.
in infrastructure that brings energy,
인프라 공사에 쓰일 겁니다.
are necessary to create jobs,
you're working on
in the developing world,
않는다고 생각할지 모르나
이루어진 게 아닙니다.
of the technology.
with the Rwandans early
훌륭한 광대역회선이 있습니다.
completely on their own.
We will make the introductions.
저희가 시작하도록 하겠습니다.
We will help you do that.
가능하도록 돕겠습니다.
is the World Bank willing to deploy
to try to do something like this.
이런 걸 하도록 만드시는군요.
JYK: 저희는 이렇게 할 겁니다.
JYK: So here's what we're going to do.
that we're investing in poor countries,
over the next three years,
more effectively.
방법을 생각해야 합니다.
It depends on the quality of the ideas.
수치를 말씀드리진 못합니다.
그러니 아이디어를 주세요.
is going to be the problem.
from the man himself.
JYK: Thank you. Thank you.
JYK: 감사합니다. 감사합니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jim Yong Kim - President, World Bank GroupJim Yong Kim is leading a global effort to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity.
Why you should listen
Jim Yong Kim is the 12th president of the World Bank Group. Soon after he assumed his position in July 2012, the organization established two goals to guide its work: to end extreme poverty by 2030 and to boost shared prosperity, focusing on the bottom 40 percent of the population in developing countries. In September 2016, the World Bank Group Board unanimously reappointed Kim to a second five-year term as president.
During his first term, the World Bank Group supported the development priorities of countries at levels never seen outside a financial crisis and, with its partners, achieved two successive, record replenishments of the World Bank Group’s fund for the poorest. The institution also launched several innovative financial instruments, including facilities to address infrastructure needs, prevent pandemics and help the millions of people forcibly displaced from their homes by climate shocks, conflict, and violence.
Kim's career has revolved around health, education and delivering services to the poor. In 1987, he co-founded Partners In Health, a nonprofit medical organization that works in poor communities on four continents. He has received a MacArthur "genius" grant, was recognized as one of America's "25 Best Leaders" by U.S. News & World Report and was named one of TIME magazine's "100 Most Influential People in the World.
Jim Yong Kim | Speaker | TED.com