Jim Yong Kim: Doesn't everyone deserve a chance at a good life?
Jim Yong Kim: Nem érdemel mindenki esélyt egy jobb életre?
Jim Yong Kim is leading a global effort to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. Full bio
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over the last five years
tett utazásaim során.
countries in the world.
I see all the time everywhere,
megpillanthatjuk a világban:
are looking at a smartphone,
országokban is nagy hatásuk van.
in even the poorest countries.
egyre többre vágynak az emberek.
all over the world.
that there's a convergence of aspirations.
to actually look into this.
hogy vizsgálják ezt meg.
tartanak világszerte?
all around the world?
mint a Gallup közvéleménykutatásokat,
about satisfaction in life
elégedettek az életünkkel.
that if you have access to the internet,
that's very important:
of a nation, for example,
have to go up at least five percent
level of satisfaction.
fennmaradjon.
into the lower percentiles of income,
goes up 10 percent,
esetén.
are linked to opportunity
és gazdasági növekedéssel jár.
in the country I was born in, in Korea?
going to meet frustration?
because between 2012 and 2015,
mert 2012 és 2015 között
increased by 74 percent.
went up 150 percent.
150%-kal növekedtek.
of fragility, conflict, violence,
of the world's poor
of fragility, conflict and violence.
és veszélyes körülmények között élni.
about meeting these aspirations?
ezeket az igényeket?
to meet these aspirations?
I'm extremely worried.
because of access to the internet.
növekednek az internet-hozzáférés miatt.
my own personal story.
megosztani.
a háború alatt.
scholarships to go to New York City.
ösztöndíjjal New Yorkba,
and got married in New York City.
in the northern part of the country,
északi részén élő családját,
and living in New York,
at Patricia Murphy's restaurant.
a Patricia Murphy's-nél.
to live in a place like New York City
and they came back to Korea,
visszaköltöztek Koreába.
as kind of an idyllic life,
in Korea at that time
of the poorest in the world
the street from our house all the time,
a házunk közelében.
a katonai kormányzat ellen.
against the military government.
koreai tevékenysége –
the organization I lead now,
find it difficult without foreign aid
than the bare necessities of life.
alapvető javakkal sem.
Korea is in a tough position,
what life is like in the United States.
az Egyesült Államokban.
My brother was born there.
testvérem is ott született.
to give us an opportunity
hogy esélyt adjanak nekünk,
to the United States.
all over again.
fogorvosi végzettségét.
moving to Iowa, of all places.
through the whole course.
something that I'll never forget,
after my sophomore year in college,
másodikos főiskolás koromban,
what are your aspirations?
What do you want to do?"
and had filled us with ideas
és teletömte a fejünket,
szóló ötleteivel.
political science and philosophy,
és filozófiát akarok tanulni,
part of a political movement."
over to the side of the road --
you can study anything you want."
annak tanulsz, aminek akarsz"
to a mostly Asian audience before.
meséltem el ezt a történetet.
Csak rázták a fejüket.
my father died at a young age,
of my medical and graduate studies --
by doing medicine and anthropology.
és antropológiára is.
I met these two people,
getting our PhD's in anthropology.
some pretty fundamental questions.
kezdtük feltenni.
of studying medicine and anthropology --
és antropológusnak tanuljanak.
in a bus in a swamp in Florida.
egy floridai mocsárban.
elaborate educations,
kidolgozott képzésünket tekintve,
of our responsibility to the world?
to start an organization.
there's a movie made about that.
that was just a brilliant movie
called "Bending the Arc."
a Sundance filmfesztiválon.
who made it happen.
about what it would take for us
reach the level
communities in the world.
to Haiti in 1988,
készült 1988-ban.
a sort of mission statement,
egyfajta küldetéstudatot,
a preferential option for the poor
teremtsünk
were graduate students in anthropology.
végzősök lettünk antropológiából.
and down the other.
of how are we going to structure our work?
hogyan építsük fel a munkánkat?
about a preferential option for the poor
for your own sense of heroism.
a saját hősiességedre.
how to lift the poor out of poverty.
a szegények felemeléséért.
for your own organization.
saját szervezetedért.
for your poor.
lehetőség az anyagiakért.
a szegényekért.
hogy a legköltséghatékonyabb dolog lenne
and maybe a feeding program.
koncentrálni.
was a hospital.
with the opportunities
akartak adni a gyerekeiknek,
from others, relatives, for example,
of opportunities as my parents did.
mint a szüleim.
We built hospitals.
to try to give them opportunities.
nekik ezeket a lehetőségeket.
in this community, Carabayllo,
tényleg csak bekopogtunk az emberekhez,
to people's homes and talking to people,
of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
tuberkulózis járványt.
he was about 18 years old,
of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
egy igen súlyos formájában szenvedett.
egészségügy guruja – azt mondta:
the global health gurus,
to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis.
tuberkulózis kezelése.
nem lehet megcsinálni.
they were getting angry at us,
we would have done it.
ők már megcsinálták volna.
were the World Health Organization
we fought with most
szedje a gyógyszereit,
to take his medicines,
és a kezelés alatt
did Melquiades's family ever say,
is just not cost-effective.
nem valami költséghatékony.
and treat somebody else?"
for about 10 years
our annual meetings in Lima, Peru
mentünk Limába, Peruba
because he goes to the film openings,
mivel ő megy a filmmegnyitókra,
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis --
a multidrog-rezisztens tuberkulózist.
in the early 2000s about HIV.
2000 körül a HIV-ről is.
people in the world said
mind azt mondták:
to treat HIV in poor countries.
a szegény országokban,
you can't do it.
kezelésével ellentétben
that he was not cost-effective.
hogy nem volt költséghatékony.
and this is what he looked like.
of HIV treatment.
Lazarus-hatásának.
amikor hozzánk került.
a few months later.
hogy azok ellen folyik,
that kept saying it's not cost-effective.
nem költséghatékony.
requires us to raise our aspirations
megköveteli erőfeszítéseink növelését,
meg tudjunk felelni.
but it's just not cost-effective.
csak nem költséghatékony.
that we have operated Partners in Health,
ahogy a Partners in Health-t működtettük,
lényegében a Világbank ellen.
basically, the World Bank.
on just economic growth
koncentrált,
have to shrink their budgets
csökkenteniük kell a költségvetésüket,
in health, education and social welfare --
és jóléti kiadásaikat.
to be President of the World Bank.
a Világbank elnökének.
with President Obama's team,
átvilágításán estem át,
egy példányát,
and they had read every page.
of the World Bank Group in July of 2012,
beléptem a Világbank ajtaján.
"Our dream is a world free of poverty."
"Álmunk egy szegénység nélküli világ."
we actually turned it into a goal:
at the World Bank Group.
the preferential option for the poor
a Világbankba hoztam volna
a szegényekért" elvet.
with you some concerns,
so much better than I do,
You've all heard that.
that two thirds of all jobs,
a fejlődő országokban lévő
in developing countries,
az elvesztett állásokat.
to make up for those jobs
into a formal labor force.
hivatásos munkaerővé tesszük.
and as people have formal work,
és az embereknek hivatásos munkájuk lesz,
olyan "soft-skill"-ekkel,
that you add to it
that will have a huge impact,
that grows the most.
that bothers me:
that the jobs of the future
ismereteket követelnek,
in childhood stunting.
válsága.
who shared these with us
osztotta meg velünk
on the one side, on the left side,
not adequate stimulation.
nincs elegendő stimuláció.
of course, is a normal child,
gyermek látható.
has all of these neuronal connections.
az idegi összeköttetései.
are important,
the definition of human capital.
can reduce these rates.
visszamaradottság arányai
of childhood stunting quickly,
with 38 percent childhood stunting,
pl. India a 38%-os arányával
in the economy of the future
gazdaságilag a jövőben,
cannot achieve educationally
nem boldogul az oktatásban?
about achieving economically
the country as a whole grow.
is the size of the global economy.
a világgazdaság mérete.
in negative interest rate bonds.
kamatú kötvényekben van.
the German central bank your money
Központi Bankba teszik a pénzüket,
in very low-earning government bonds.
államkötvényekben van.
in the hands of rich people
a gazdagok kezében,
is now use our own tools --
first-loss risk debt instruments,
hiteltermékekről beszélünk.
blended finance,
finanszírozásról beszélünk.
political risk insurance,
at the World Bank Group
to make themselves richer,
minden napot arra használnak,
on behalf of the poor
vonjuk be ezt a tőkét.
private-sector players into a country
tényleg be lehet vonni,
kiszerelésű megoldása,
from the World Bank
and we do all the things you need
from having a cost of electricity
doing the auction,
a kilowatt-hour. It's possible.
Lehetséges.
literally are rocket scientists.
how to use drones in Rwanda.
drónokat Ruandában.
indítok el Ruandában,
anywhere in the country
huge amounts of money for Rwanda.
and we need that from all of you.
a little bit of time in your brains
hogy szánjatok rá egy kis időt,
that you work on,
azon a technológián,
the design that you do.
of extraordinary win-win solutions.
helyzetekkel!
with one final story.
szeretnék elmesélni:
and I was in a classroom.
of 11-year-olds.
egy osztályteremnyi 11 évessel.
és azt mondták:
of the World Bank."
and their teachers laughed.
és a tanárok is nevettek.
"El szeretnék mesélni egy történetet!"
this is what it looked like.
mikor megszülettem.
the President of the World Bank,
a Világbank akkori elnöke
and come to my classroom,
of the World Bank
President of the World Bank.
még egy gondolatot.
ami egykor a legszegényebb volt.
that was the poorest in the world.
pull up the ladder behind me.
those Zipline-type solutions
megoldásokat találni,
leapfrog into a better world,
egy jobb világba lépni,
until we work together.
amíg össze nem fogunk.
and especially for your children --
and compassion we bring
és együttérzést
provides equality of opportunity
egyenlő esélyeket teremtsen
to hear a talk like this
hallanak egy ilyen beszédet.
a javaslataidat illetően.
a little more specific on your proposal.
entrepreneurs in this room.
What's your proposal?
bonyolultabb dolgokról?
for just a second.
JYK: A következőt tettük.
JYK: So here's what we did.
fejlődő országok infrastruktúrájába,
in developing country infrastructure,
they can't take the risk.
akik fizetnek a biztosításért.
for people who pay for insurance.
International Development Association
Development Association"
more money, a hundred million,
100 millióra növelnünk.
meaning if this thing goes bad,
a veszteség tíz százaléka a miénk,
a 90-percent chunk, tranche
so the insurance companies invested.
így a biztosítók is befektettek.
is taking our public money
specific instruments
a befektetések kockázatát,
on trillions of dollars of cash,
looking for are investment proposals
azok befektetési javaslatok,
a fejlődő országokban.
in the developing world.
in infrastructure that brings energy,
mint az energiatermelés,
are necessary to create jobs,
you're working on
vagy üzlet, amelyen dolgozol,
in the developing world,
of the technology.
with the Rwandans early
completely on their own.
önállóan repülnek.
We will make the introductions.
We will help you do that.
is the World Bank willing to deploy
to try to do something like this.
akarsz rávenni.
JYK: Következőt tesszük:
JYK: So here's what we're going to do.
a fejlődő országokba,
that we're investing in poor countries,
over the next three years,
more effectively.
hatékonyabban ezt az összeget.
It depends on the quality of the ideas.
minden az ötletektől fog függeni.
is going to be the problem.
nem jelentenek majd gondot.
from the man himself.
hallottátok.
JYK: Köszönöm, köszönöm.
JYK: Thank you. Thank you.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jim Yong Kim - President, World Bank GroupJim Yong Kim is leading a global effort to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity.
Why you should listen
Jim Yong Kim is the 12th president of the World Bank Group. Soon after he assumed his position in July 2012, the organization established two goals to guide its work: to end extreme poverty by 2030 and to boost shared prosperity, focusing on the bottom 40 percent of the population in developing countries. In September 2016, the World Bank Group Board unanimously reappointed Kim to a second five-year term as president.
During his first term, the World Bank Group supported the development priorities of countries at levels never seen outside a financial crisis and, with its partners, achieved two successive, record replenishments of the World Bank Group’s fund for the poorest. The institution also launched several innovative financial instruments, including facilities to address infrastructure needs, prevent pandemics and help the millions of people forcibly displaced from their homes by climate shocks, conflict, and violence.
Kim's career has revolved around health, education and delivering services to the poor. In 1987, he co-founded Partners In Health, a nonprofit medical organization that works in poor communities on four continents. He has received a MacArthur "genius" grant, was recognized as one of America's "25 Best Leaders" by U.S. News & World Report and was named one of TIME magazine's "100 Most Influential People in the World.
Jim Yong Kim | Speaker | TED.com