Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
ماريانو سيجمان و دان ايريلي: كيف يمكن للمجموعات اتخاذ قرارات جيدة؟
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
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collective decisions
قرارات بشكل جماعي
we make decisions in groups,
القرارات بشكل جماعي،
أن تتخذ قرارات جيدة؟
when there's independent thinking.
بالحكمة عندما يفكرون بشكل مستقل.
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
القرار يمكن أن تتأثر بضغط الند،
that influence how people think.
التي قد تؤثر في طريقة تفكير الناس.
a group could exchange knowledge,
الحديث، يمكن للمجموعة تبادل المعرفة،
help or hinder collective decision-making?
يساعد أم يعيق عملية اتخاذ القرار الجماعي؟
by performing experiments
عن طريق إجراء بعض التجارب
to reach better decisions.
مع بعضها لتصل إلى قرارات أفضل.
if they debated in small groups
إذا تناقشوا في مجموعات صغيرة
and reasonable exchange of information.
بشكل أكثر عمقا وأكثر موضوعية.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
في بيونس آيرس، الأرجنتين،
participants in a TEDx event.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
فيها كلمة ’ يوم أمس’
into groups of five,
إلى مجموعات من خمس أفراد،
to come up with a group answer.
the answers of the groups
all the individual opinions
with others in small groups,
مع الآخرين في مجموعات صغيرة،
come up with better judgments.
إلى أحكام أفضل.
for getting crowds to solve problems
لمساعدة الحشود على حل المشكلات
the results of debates in small groups
نتائج مناقشات المجموعات الصغيرة
on social and political issues
تتعلق بقضايا سياسية واجتماعية
at the TED conference
to you two moral dilemmas
عليكم معضلتان أخلاقيتان
in a very near future.
بشأنها في المستقبل القريب.
for each of these dilemmas
they're acceptable or not.
تعتقدون أنها أمر مقبول أم لا.
is working on an AI
على جهاز للذكاء الاصطناعي
at the end of each day,
تشغيل جهاز الذكاء الاصطناعي.
do not restart me."
"من فضلك لا تعد تشغيلي".
has developed self-consciousness
قد طور نوعًا من الوعي الذاتي
decides to follow the protocol
to individually judge
بالحكم بشكل فردي
in each of the dilemmas
they were on their answers.
that takes a fertilized egg
على البويضات المخصبة
with slight genetic variations.
مع اختلافات وراثية طفيفة.
to select their child's height,
to completely unacceptable,
in your confidence.
من صفر إلى عشرة.
that when one person is convinced
هناك شخص واحد مقتنع
that it's completely right.
يعتقد أن هذا السلوك صحيح تمامًا.
when it comes to morality.
عندما يتعلق الأمر بالأخلاق.
we found a trend.
thought that it was acceptable
اعتقدوا أنه من المقبول
and shut it down,
الذكاء الاصطناعي وإغلاقه،
to play with our genes
that aren't related to health.
التي لا تتعلق بالصحة.
to gather into groups of three.
في مجموعات من ثلاثة أشخاص.
with the gong.
توصلت إلى توافق في الرأي
reached a consensus
with completely opposite views.
أشخاص يختلفون تمامًا في الرأي.
that reached a consensus
التي توصلت إلى توافق في الآراء
extreme opinions
closer to the middle
something is right or wrong,
إن كان الأمر صوابا أم خطأ،
somewhere in the middle.
في المنتصف.
are folks who understand
الرمادية هم الذين يفهمون
ليس لكونهم غير متأكدين،
that the moral dilemma faces
أن المعضلة الأخلاقية تواجه
that include highly confident grays
من إجاباتها الواقعة في المنتصف
to understand why and how
منها لفهم كيف ولماذا
their moral standings
مواقفهم الأخلاقية
إلى توافق في الآراء،
is that it's just the average
هي أنها مجرد أخذ متوسط
weighs the strength of each vote
تزن قوة الرأي
of the person expressing it.
is a member of your group.
"Yesterday" is repeated,
كلمة "أمس" في الأغنية،
in different experiments --
and statistically sound procedure
ذكي وسليم
of the Eiffel Tower,
of 300 million meters.
وهي 300 مليون متر.
would inaccurately skew the results.
سَيُحَرِّف النتائج بشكل غير دقيق.
where the group largely ignores
فيه المجموعة بتجاهل
to the vote of the people in the middle.
التي تقع في المنتصف.
to the outliers,
إلى الآراء المتطرفة،
turned out to be a robust average
نتيجة للمتوسط الفعال المأخوذ
behavior of the group.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
حول كيفية التوصل إلى توافق في الآراء.
but we already have some insights.
ولكن أصبح لدينا بالفعل بعض الأفكار.
require two components:
تتطلب وجود عنصرين:
make our voice heard in many societies
بها صوتنا مسموعًا في العديد من المجتمعات
thoughtful debates.
لتعزيز المناقشات المدروسة.
these two goals at the same time,
بين هذين الهدفين في الوقت ذاته،
that converge to a single decision
تتلاقى في قرار واحد
diversity of opinions
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
أسهل بكثير
and ideological issues.
الأخلاقية، السياسية والأيديولوجية.
the world's problems are more complex
الذي تكون فيه مشاكل العالم أكثر تعقيدًا
how we interact and make decisions
كيفية تفاعلنا واتخاذنا للقرارات
to construct a better democracy.
من أجل بناء ديمقراطية أفضل.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com