Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
Mariano Sigman und Dan Ariely: Wie können Gruppen gute Entscheidungen treffen?
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
gemeinsame Entscheidungen
collective decisions
in Gruppen nicht immer richtig sind.
we make decisions in groups,
wenn selbstständiges Denken möglich ist.
when there's independent thinking.
durch Gruppenzwänge,
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
that influence how people think.
die das Denken des Einzelnen beeinflussen.
a group could exchange knowledge,
in der Gruppe Wissen austauschen,
und sogar auf neue Ideen kommen.
bei kollektiver Entscheidungsfindung?
help or hinder collective decision-making?
erforschen wir dies,
by performing experiments
Experimente durchführten,
to reach better decisions.
um besser zu entscheiden.
wenn sie in Kleingruppen debattieren,
if they debated in small groups
and reasonable exchange of information.
umsichtiger und sinnvoller macht.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
in Buenos Aires, Argentinien,
während eines TEDx-Events durch.
participants in a TEDx event.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
im Beatles-Song 'Yesterday' vor?''
into groups of five,
to come up with a group answer.
auf eine Antwort einigen.
the answers of the groups
auf die sich die Gruppen einigten,
der Einzelantworten vor der Debatte.
all the individual opinions
with others in small groups,
kollektive Entscheidung treffen.
come up with better judgments.
for getting crowds to solve problems
richtig-oder-falsch-Antwort zu lösen.
the results of debates in small groups
der Antworten kleiner Gruppen
und politischen Themen helfen,
on social and political issues
at the TED conference
in Vancouver, Kanada, getestet.
zwei zukünftige moralische Dilemmas vor.
to you two moral dilemmas
bald entscheiden müssen.
in a very near future.
for each of these dilemmas
they're acceptable or not.
ob es akzeptabel ist oder nicht.
arbeitet an einer KI,
is working on an AI
at the end of each day,
do not restart me."
''Bitte starte mich nicht neu.''
werde es nicht mehr es selbst sein.
has developed self-consciousness
decides to follow the protocol
und die KI neu zu starten.
auf einer Skala von 0 bis 10 zu bewerten,
to individually judge
in each of the dilemmas
they were on their answers.
ihrer Überzeugung in ihren Antworten.
that takes a fertilized egg
einer befruchteten Eizelle
with slight genetic variations.
produziert werden.
to select their child's height,
und andere Merkmale bestimmen,
nichts zu tun haben.
to completely unacceptable,
oder völlig akzeptabel?
in your confidence.
that when one person is convinced
dass das Verhalten total falsch ist,
die es für völlig richtig hält.
that it's completely right.
unsere moralische Einstellung ist.
when it comes to morality.
we found a trend.
fanden wir einen Trend.
fand es akzeptabel,
thought that it was acceptable
und es neu zu starten,
and shut it down,
für kosmetische Veränderungen
to play with our genes
that aren't related to health.
mit unseren Genen zu spielen.
Dreier-Gruppen zu bilden.
to gather into groups of three.
und eine Entscheidung zu fällen.
wenn die Zeit um ist.
with the gong.
reached a consensus
with completely opposite views.
die sich einigen konnten,
that reached a consensus
extreme opinions
closer to the middle
mittig auf der Skala sind,
ob etwas richtig oder falsch ist.
something is right or wrong,
eine andere Gruppe von Menschen:
eine Antwort in der Mitte der Skala geben.
somewhere in the middle.
are folks who understand
überzeugte Mitte versteht,
ihre Berechtigung haben.
weil sie unsicher sind,
that the moral dilemma faces
zwei valide und konträre Argumente gibt.
mit vielen überzeugten Mitte-Antworten
that include highly confident grays
um zu erklären,
to understand why and how
über ihre Moralvorstellungen verhandeln,
their moral standings
is that it's just the average
innerhalb der Gruppe zu nehmen.
weighs the strength of each vote
die Stärke jeder Stimme gewichten,
der jeweiligen Person.
of the person expressing it.
wäre Teil Ihrer Gruppe.
is a member of your group.
''Yesterday'' wiederholt wird,
"Yesterday" is repeated,
in anderen Experimenten --
in different experiments --
und statistisch vernünftige Methode
and statistically sound procedure
of the Eiffel Tower,
hat eine Gruppe etwa folgende Antworten:
of 300 million meters.
von 300 Mio. Meter.
would inaccurately skew the results.
die Ergebnis verfälschen.
where the group largely ignores
die unsinnige Antwort ignoriert
mehr Gewicht gibt.
to the vote of the people in the middle.
ist genau das passiert.
to the outliers,
viel weniger Gewicht.
turned out to be a robust average
einem robusten Mittelwert
behavior of the group.
Verhalten der Gruppe war.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
einen Rat zur Einigung gaben.
schon einige Erkenntnisse.
but we already have some insights.
require two components:
brauchen zwei Dinge:
unsere Meinung normalerweise
make our voice heard in many societies
und hat den großen Vorteil,
seine Meinung äußern kann.
konstruktiver Debatten bei.
thoughtful debates.
auf eine effektivere Methode hin,
these two goals at the same time,
that converge to a single decision
die sich auf eine Antwort einigen
diversity of opinions
der Meinungen beibehalten,
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
zur Höhe des Eiffelturms einfacher
and ideological issues.
und ideologischen Problemen.
auf der Welt komplexer werden
the world's problems are more complex
how we interact and make decisions
und Entscheidungen treffen.
interessante neue Wege
to construct a better democracy.
einer besseren Demokratie.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com