Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
Мариано Сигман и Дан Арили: Как могат групите да взимат добри решения?
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
collective decisions
колективни решения,
we make decisions in groups,
решения като група,
when there's independent thinking.
когато има независимо мислене
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
бъде унищожена с натиск от връстниците,
that influence how people think.
повлияват на мисленето на хората.
a group could exchange knowledge,
групата може да обмени знания,
help or hinder collective decision-making?
пречи на колективното вземане на решения?
by performing experiments
чрез извършване на експерименти
to reach better decisions.
за да достигнат по-добри решения.
if they debated in small groups
ако обсъждат на малки групи
and reasonable exchange of information.
разумно обменяне на информация.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
в Буенос Айрес, Аржентина,
participants in a TEDx event.
в TEDx събития.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
into groups of five,
на групи по петима
to come up with a group answer.
с групов отговор
the answers of the groups
на групите
all the individual opinions
на всички индивидуални мнения
на този експеримент,
with others in small groups,
с други в малки групи,
come up with better judgments.
измислят по-добри преценки.
for getting crowds to solve problems
за даване на тълпите да взимат решения
the results of debates in small groups
на резултата от дебати на малки групи
on social and political issues
на социални и политически въпроси
at the TED conference
на конференцията на TED
to you two moral dilemmas
морални дилеми
in a very near future.
в близкото бъдеще.
for each of these dilemmas
дилемите
they're acceptable or not.
is working on an AI
изкуствен интелект,
човешки мисли.
at the end of each day,
изкуствения интелект.
do not restart me."
"Моля те не ме рестартирай."
has developed self-consciousness
е развил самосъзнание
decides to follow the protocol
решава да следва протокола
to individually judge
индивидуално да решат
in each of the dilemmas
във всяка от дилемите
they were on their answers.
са уверени в отговора си.
that takes a fertilized egg
което взима оплодено яйце
with slight genetic variations.
с леки генетични вариации.
to select their child's height,
височината на тяхното дете
социална компетентност
здравето характеристики.
to completely unacceptable,
неприемливо,
in your confidence.
увереността.
that when one person is convinced
че когато един човек е убеден,
that it's completely right.
че е напълно прав.
when it comes to morality.
когато става дума за морал.
we found a trend.
разнообразие открихме тенденция.
thought that it was acceptable
решиха, че е приемливо
and shut it down,
интелект и да го изключат
to play with our genes
that aren't related to health.
които не са свързани със здравето.
to gather into groups of three.
да се съберат на групи по трима.
with the gong.
reached a consensus
са стигнали до консенсус
with completely opposite views.
с напълно противоположни гледни точки.
that reached a consensus
които постигна консенсус
extreme opinions
крайни мнения
closer to the middle
близо до средата
something is right or wrong,
нещо е правилно или не,
somewhere in the middle.
някъде посредата.
are folks who understand
са хора, които разбират
that the moral dilemma faces
дилема
противоположни аргумента.
that include highly confident grays
които включват силно уверени (grays)
to understand why and how
разберем защо и как
their moral standings
тяхното морално класиране
is that it's just the average
че това е просто средната стойност
weighs the strength of each vote
силата на всеки вот
of the person expressing it.
is a member of your group.
от твоята група.
"Yesterday" is repeated,
"Вчера" се повтаря,
че последователно,
in different experiments --
and statistically sound procedure
и статистически стабилна процедура
of the Eiffel Tower,
of 300 million meters.
300 милиона метра.
would inaccurately skew the results.
би изкривила неправилно резултатите.
where the group largely ignores
където групата пренебрегва
to the vote of the people in the middle.
до гласуването на хората в средата.
to the outliers,
на крайните,
turned out to be a robust average
се оказва стабилна средна стойност
behavior of the group.
поведение на групата.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
намеци за постигането на консенсус.
but we already have some insights.
но вече имаме някои прозрения.
require two components:
изискват два компонента:
make our voice heard in many societies
че гласът ни да бъде чут в много общества
thoughtful debates.
смислени дебати.
различен метод,
these two goals at the same time,
на тези две цели в същото време,
that converge to a single decision
които се сближават с едно решение
diversity of opinions
разнообразие от мнения,
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
за височината на Айфеловата кула
and ideological issues.
и идеологически проблеми.
the world's problems are more complex
проблемите на света са по-сложни
how we interact and make decisions
ни помогне да разберем
интересни нови начини
to construct a better democracy.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com