Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
馬利安諾席格曼及丹艾瑞里: 團體要如何做出好的決策?
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
collective decisions
we make decisions in groups,
when there's independent thinking.
有獨立思考的情況下會比較明智。
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
名聲、社群媒體給摧毀,
that influence how people think.
能左右人們思考的簡單談話所摧毀。
a group could exchange knowledge,
透過交談來交換知識、
help or hinder collective decision-making?
或是會妨礙集體決策呢?
by performing experiments
to reach better decisions.
才能達成更好的決策。
if they debated in small groups
是讓群眾更明智的方式,
and reasonable exchange of information.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
布宜諾斯艾利斯做實驗,
participants in a TEDx event.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
這首歌曲中出現了幾次?」
into groups of five,
to come up with a group answer.
the answers of the groups
all the individual opinions
with others in small groups,
come up with better judgments.
for getting crowds to solve problems
the results of debates in small groups
整合辯論結果的程序,
on social and political issues
社會與政治議題呢?
at the TED conference
舉辦的 TED 大會上,
to you two moral dilemmas
給各位未來會遇到的
in a very near future.
for each of these dilemmas
they're acceptable or not.
is working on an AI
at the end of each day,
do not restart me."
「請不要重新啟動我。」
has developed self-consciousness
已發展出了自我意識,
decides to follow the protocol
to individually judge
in each of the dilemmas
they were on their answers.
答案的信心度做評分。
that takes a fertilized egg
有些微差異的胚胎。
with slight genetic variations.
to select their child's height,
to completely unacceptable,
in your confidence.
that when one person is convinced
that it's completely right.
堅信該行為是完全對的。
when it comes to morality.
我們找到了一個趨勢。
we found a trend.
thought that it was acceptable
並將之關機是可以接受的,
and shut it down,
to play with our genes
that aren't related to health.
表面改變,則是錯的。
to gather into groups of three.
with the gong.
reached a consensus
有許多小組達成了共識,
with completely opposite views.
有完全相反的觀點。
that reached a consensus
小組之間的差異是什麼?
extreme opinions
closer to the middle
something is right or wrong,
somewhere in the middle.
接近中間值的答案。
are folks who understand
that the moral dilemma faces
兩種對立論點都有根據。
that include highly confident grays
更有可能會達成共識。
to understand why and how
their moral standings
is that it's just the average
weighs the strength of each vote
of the person expressing it.
is a member of your group.
"Yesterday" is repeated,
in different experiments --
and statistically sound procedure
且有統計根據的程序,
of the Eiffel Tower,
300 公尺、400 公尺,
of 300 million meters.
would inaccurately skew the results.
會讓結果有不正確的偏差。
where the group largely ignores
to the vote of the people in the middle.
to the outliers,
turned out to be a robust average
behavior of the group.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
要如何達成共識。
but we already have some insights.
已經有了一些洞見。
require two components:
make our voice heard in many societies
在許多社會中被聽見,
每個人都能表達心聲。
thoughtful debates.
these two goals at the same time,
that converge to a single decision
diversity of opinions
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
and ideological issues.
意識形態的議題容易多了。
the world's problems are more complex
how we interact and make decisions
我們如何互動並做決策,
to construct a better democracy.
來建立更好的民主。
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com