TEDxManhattan
Britta Riley: A garden in my apartment
Britta Riley: un xardín no meu apartamento
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Britta Riley quería cultivar os seus propios alimentos (no seu pequeno apartamento), así que cos seus amigos desenvolveu un sistema de cultivo de plantas en botellas desbotadas de plástico. Fíxoo investigando, probando e tanteando o sistema co uso dos medios de comunicación social, experimentando con moitas alternativas ao mesmo tempo e chegando rapidamente ao sistema óptimo. Chamouno bricolaxe distribuido. E os resultados: deliciosos.
Britta Riley - Artist, urban farmer
Britta Riley designs and builds urban farms and other participatory artworks that explore the city. Full bio
Britta Riley designs and builds urban farms and other participatory artworks that explore the city. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I, like many of you,
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Eu, como moitos de vostedes,
00:17
am one of the two billion people on Earth
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son un dos dous millóns de humanos na Terra
00:22
who live in cities.
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que vive nunha cidade.
00:24
And there are days -- I don't know about the rest of you guys --
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E algúns días (e non sei a cantos de vós lles pasa isto)
00:27
but there are days when I palpably feel
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algúns días sinto moi de cerca
00:31
how much I rely on other people
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o moito que confío noutras persoas
00:33
for pretty much everything in my life.
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en numerosas ocasións durante a miña vida.
00:36
And some days, that can even be a little scary.
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Hai días nos que isto aínda pode dar un pouco de medo.
00:39
But what I'm here to talk to you about today
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Mais hoxe quérovos falar
00:41
is how that same interdependence
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de como esa mesma interdependencia
00:44
is actually an extremely powerful social infrastructure
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de feito é unha infraestrutura social con moita forza
00:48
that we can actually harness
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que nós podemos aproveitar
00:51
to help heal some of our deepest civic issues,
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para contribuír ao alivio dalgúns dos nosos maiores problemas cívicos
00:55
if we apply open source collaboration.
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se poñemos en práctica a colaboración de código aberto.
00:59
A couple of years ago,
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Hai un par de anos,
01:01
I read an article by New York Times writer Michael Pollan
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lin un artigo de Michael Pollan no New York Times
01:04
in which he argued that growing even some of our own food
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no que argumentaba que con cultivar algo da nosa propia comida
01:08
is one of the best things
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xa estamos facendo unha das mellores cousas
01:10
that we can do for the environment.
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que podemos facer polo medio ambiente.
01:12
Now at the time that I was reading this,
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Cando eu lin este artigo
01:14
it was the middle of the winter
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estaba en medio do inverno
01:16
and I definitely did not have room for a lot of dirt
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e desde logo non tiña espazo para emporcar con terra
01:19
in my New York City apartment.
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no meu apartamento de Nova York.
01:22
So I was basically just willing to settle
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Así que eu o que quería era conformarme
01:24
for just reading the next Wired magazine
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con ler a seguinte publicación da revista Wired
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and finding out how the experts were going to figure out
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para descubrir como os expertos se llas ían enxeñar
01:28
how to solve all these problems for us in the future.
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para resolver todos estes problemas por nós no futuro.
01:31
But that was actually exactly the point
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Pero precisamente a isto se refería
01:34
that Michael Pollan was making in this article --
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Michael Pollan no seu artigo:
01:36
was it's precisely when we hand over
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que precisamente cando relegamos
01:38
the responsibility for all these things to specialists
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aos especialistas a responsabilidade por todas estas cousas
01:41
that we cause the kind of messes
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é cando causamos os líos
01:44
that we see with the food system.
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que podemos ver no sistema alimentario.
01:47
So, I happen to know a little bit from my own work
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Pois ben, resulta que do meu propio traballo sei
01:50
about how NASA has been using hydroponics
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como a NASA utilizou cultivos hidropónicos
01:54
to explore growing food in space.
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para experimentar o cultivo de alimentos no espazo.
01:57
And you can actually get optimal nutritional yield
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E en verdade pódese obter un suministro nutricional óptimo
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by running a kind of high-quality liquid soil
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cun tipo de solo líquido de alta calidade
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over plants' root systems.
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que se instala por encima das raíces das plantas.
02:08
Now to a vegetable plant,
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Iso si, para unha planta
02:10
my apartment has got to be
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o meu apartamento debía de ser
02:12
about as foreign as outer space.
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tan extraño como o espazo sideral.
02:14
But I can offer some natural light
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Aínda así, podo ter luz natural
02:17
and year-round climate control.
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e un control climático durante todo o ano.
02:19
Fast-forward two years later:
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Pasamos rapidamente a dous anos máis tarde:
02:21
we now have window farms,
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agora temos granxas verticais nas ventás
02:23
which are vertical, hydroponic platforms
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e plataformas hidropónicas
02:25
for food-growing indoors.
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de cultivo de alimentos de interior.
02:28
And the way it works is that there's a pump at the bottom,
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E funciona cunha bomba no fondo
02:31
which periodically sends some of this liquid nutrient solution up to the top,
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que envía regularmente un pouco da solución nutritiva líquida á parte superior,
02:34
which then trickles down through plants' root systems
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que despois cae gota a gota por entre a raigame das plantas
02:37
that are suspended in clay pellets --
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que están colgadas en boliñas de arxila,
02:39
so there's no dirt involved.
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de modo que non hay suciedade.
02:42
Now light and temperature vary
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A luz e a temperatura varían
02:44
with each window's microclimate,
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co microclima de cada ventá.
02:46
so a window farm
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Así que unha granxa de ventá
02:48
requires a farmer,
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precisa dunha granxeira
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and she must decide
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e esta ten que decidir
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what kind of crops she is going to put in her window farm,
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que tipo de plantas vai ter na súa granxa de ventá
02:55
and whether she is going to feed her food organically.
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e tamén se vai nutrir a súa comida organicamente.
02:59
Back at the time, a window farm was no more
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Daquela, una granxa de ventá non era máis
03:02
than a technically complex idea
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ca unha idea técnicamente complexa
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that was going to require a lot of testing.
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que ía ter que pasar por moitos experimentos.
03:07
And I really wanted it to be an open project,
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Eu quería realmente que fose un proxecto aberto,
03:09
because hydroponics
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porque os hidropónicos
03:11
is one of the fastest growing areas of patenting
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é un dos ámbitos onde cada vez hai máis patentes
03:13
in the United States right now
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nos Estados Unidos neste momento
03:15
and could possibly become
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e poderíanse converter
03:17
another area like Monsanto,
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noutro ámbito como Monsanto,
03:19
where we have a lot of corporate intellectual property
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no que hai moita propriedade intelectual corporativa
03:22
in the way of people's food.
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en forma de alimentación das persoas.
03:25
So I decided that, instead of creating a product,
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Por iso decidín que, en vez de crear un produto,
03:28
what I was going to do
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o que ía facer sería
03:30
was open this up to a whole bunch of co-developers.
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deixar isto aberto a un montón de copromotores.
03:34
The first few systems that we created, they kind of worked.
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Os primeiros sistemas que creamos, que eran poucos, ían funcionando.
03:37
We were actually able to grow about a salad a week
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Podíamos cultivar unha leituga nunha semana, aproximadamente,
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in a typical New York City apartment window.
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na ventá dun típico apartamento de Nova York.
03:41
And we were able to grow cherry tomatoes and
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E podíamos plantar tomates ananos,
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cucumbers, all kinds of stuff.
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cogombros, de todo.
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But the first few systems
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Pero estes primeiros sistemas
03:47
were these leaky, loud power-guzzlers
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pingaban, facían ruído e absorbían enerxía,
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that Martha Stewart would definitely never have approved.
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algo que Martha Stewart xamais aprobaría.
03:53
(Laughter)
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(gargalladas)
03:55
So to bring on more co-developers,
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Así que para atraer máis copromotores
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what we did was we created a social media site
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creei unha páxina web nos medios sociais
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on which we published the designs,
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na que publicamos os deseños,
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we explained how they worked,
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explicamos como funcionaban
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and we even went so far
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e aínda chegamos ata o punto de
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as to point out everything that was wrong with these systems.
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indicar todo o que non ía ben con estes sistemas.
04:10
And then we invited people all over the world
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Logo invitamos a xente de todo o mundo
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to build them and experiment with us.
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a os construir e experimentar con nós.
04:16
So actually now on this website,
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E agora temos nesta páxina web
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we have 18,000 people.
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18.000 persoas.
04:21
And we have window farms
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E temos granxas de ventá
04:23
all over the world.
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en todo o mundo.
04:25
What we're doing
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O que estamos a facer
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is what NASA or a large corporation
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é o que a NASA ou unha compañía grande
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would call R&D, or research and development.
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chamaría I+D: investigación e desenvolvemento.
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But what we call it is R&D-I-Y,
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Pero nós chamámolo I+D-T-M,
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or research and develop it yourself.
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dito doutro modo: investiga e desenvolve ti mesmo.
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So for example,
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Así, por exemplo,
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Jackson came along and suggested
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Jackson suxeriu
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that we use air pumps instead of water pumps.
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que utilizasemos bombas de aire no canto das de auga.
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It took building a whole bunch of systems to get it right,
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Para que funcionase houbo que construír moitos sistemas,
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but once we did, we were able
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pero unha vez que o fixemos, puidemos
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to cut our carbon footprint nearly in half.
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cortar o refugallo de carbono en case a metade.
04:52
Tony in Chicago has been taking on growing experiments,
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Tony de Chicago estivo experimentando con cultivos
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like lots of other window farmers,
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como moitos outros granxeros de ventás,
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and he's been able to get his strawberries to fruit
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e conseguiu que os amorodos deran froita
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for nine months of the year in low-light conditions
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durante nove meses ao ano en condicións de luz escasa
05:03
by simply changing out the organic nutrients.
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simplemente cambiando os nutrientes orgánicos.
05:07
And window farmers in Finland
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E uns granxeiros de ventá de Finlandia
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have been customizing their window farms
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puxéronse a adaptar as súas granxas
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for the dark days of the Finnish winters
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para os escuros días de inverno fineses
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by outfitting them with LED grow lights
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instalando diodos electroluminiscentes
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that they're now making open source and part of the project.
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que agora puxeron como código aberto e forman parte do proxecto.
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So window farms have been evolving
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Así que as granxas de ventá evolucionaron
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through a rapid versioning process
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pasando rapidamente por moitas versións
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similar to software.
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de maneira similar aos programas informáticos.
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And with every open source project,
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E con cada proxecto de código aberto
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the real benefit is the interplay
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o auténtico beneficio é a interacción
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between the specific concerns
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entre os diferentes asuntos que concernen
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of people customizing their systems
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ás persoas que adaptan os seus sistemas
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for their own particular concerns
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para as súas necesidades particulares
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and the universal concerns.
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e as necesidades universais.
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So my core team and I
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De modo que o meu equipo principal e máis eu
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are able to concentrate on the improvements
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podemos concentrarnos nas melloras
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that really benefit everyone.
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que realmente benefician a todo o mundo.
05:45
And we're able to look out for the needs of newcomers.
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E podemos estar atentos ás necesidades dos que chegan por primeira vez.
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So for do-it-yourselfers,
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Para os amantes da bricolaxe,
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we provide free, very well-tested instructions
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nós proporcionamos instruccións gratuítas, ben probadas
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so that anyone, anywhere around the world,
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para que calquera persoa en calquera parte do mundo
05:56
can build one of these systems for free.
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poida construír gratuitamente uns destes sistemas.
05:58
And there's a patent pending on these systems as well
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E tamén temos unha patente pendiente con estes sistemas,
06:01
that's held by the community.
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que está en posesión da comunidade.
06:03
And to fund the project,
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E para financiar o proxecto
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we partner to create products
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asociámonos para crear produtos
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that we then sell to schools and to individuals
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que vendemos a escolas e a particulares
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who don't have time to build their own systems.
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que non teñen tempo para construir os seus proprios sistemas.
06:13
Now within our community,
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Podemos dicir que na nosa comunidade
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a certain culture has appeared.
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apareceu unha nova cultura.
06:17
In our culture, it is better to be a tester
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Na nosa cultura é mellor ser alguén que proba
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who supports someone else's idea
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e que apoia a idea doutra persoa
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than it is to be just the idea guy.
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que ser soamente o que tivo a idea.
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What we get out of this project
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O que conseguimos con este proxecto
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is we get support for our own work,
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é ter apoio polo noso propio traballo
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as well as an experience of actually contributing
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así como unha experiencia de contribución
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to the environmental movement
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ao movemento ambiental
06:35
in a way other than just screwing in new light bulbs.
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e isto o facémos non só enroscando lámpadas novas.
06:38
But I think that Eileen expresses best
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Porén, creo que Eileen di mellor
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what we really get out of this,
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o que realmente conseguimos con isto:
06:43
which is the actual joy of collaboration.
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a mesma satisfacción que dá a colaboración.
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So she expresses here what it's like
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Ela expresa o que é
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to see someone halfway across the world
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ver que alguén que vive na outra metade do mundo
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having taken your idea, built upon it
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retoma a túa idea, desenvólvea
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and then acknowledging you for contributing.
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e despois recoñece a túa contribución.
06:56
If we really want to see the kind of wide consumer behavior change
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Se realmente queremos ver ese tipo de cambio amplo no comportamento do consumidor
07:00
that we're all talking about
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do que todos estamos falando
07:02
as environmentalists and food people,
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como ambientalistas e interesados pola alimentación,
07:04
maybe we just need to ditch the term "consumer"
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quizais só teñamos que desfacernos do termo "consumidor"
07:06
and get behind the people who are doing stuff.
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e apoiar a xente que está facendo cousas interesantes.
07:10
Open source projects tend to have a momentum of their own.
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Os proxectos de código aberto adoitan ter un momento propio.
07:13
And what we're seeing is that R&D-I-Y
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E o que estamos a ver é que a I+D-T-M
07:15
has moved beyond just window farms and LEDs
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foi alén das granxas de ventá e diodos luminiscentes
07:19
into solar panels and aquaponic systems.
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ata chegar a sistemas con paneis solares e acuapónicos.
07:23
And we're building upon innovations
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Estamos desenvolvendo innovacións
07:25
of generations who went before us.
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das xeracións anteriores.
07:27
And we're looking ahead at generations
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E temos en vista as xeracións
07:29
who really need us to retool our lives now.
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que realmente necesitan que usemos outras ferramentas nas nosas vidas.
07:33
So we ask that you join us
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Con isto, pedímovos que vos unades a nós
07:35
in rediscovering the value
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para redescubrir o valor
07:37
of citizens united,
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dos cidadáns unidos
07:39
and to declare
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e para declarar
07:41
that we are all still pioneers.
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que todos nós somos aínda os primeiros.
07:44
(Applause)
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(aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Britta Riley - Artist, urban farmerBritta Riley designs and builds urban farms and other participatory artworks that explore the city.
Why you should listen
Britta Riley is an artist and technologist who makes crowdsourced R&D solutions for environmental issues. Her company, Windowfarms.org was named one of the top 100 businesses to watch in 2010 by Entrepreneur Magazine. Windowfarms makes vertical hydroponic platforms for growing food in city windows, designed in conjunction with a online citizen science web platform for with over 16,000 community members worldwide.
Britta Riley | Speaker | TED.com