TEDxManhattan
Britta Riley: A garden in my apartment
布丽塔･莱利：公寓花园
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布丽塔･莱利想在（她狭小的公寓里）种出她自己的食物。她和朋友开发出了一套系统在废塑料瓶里种植物，并通过社交媒体来研究测试和调整这套系统。她每次测试很多不同的设计，在很短时间内就找到了最佳方案。她称之为分摊DIY。成果呢？非常可口。
Britta Riley - Artist, urban farmer
Britta Riley designs and builds urban farms and other participatory artworks that explore the city. Full bio
Britta Riley designs and builds urban farms and other participatory artworks that explore the city. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I, like many of you,
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我和你们许多人一样
00:17
am one of the two billion people on Earth
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是地球20亿城市居民的
00:22
who live in cities.
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其中一个
00:24
And there are days -- I don't know about the rest of you guys --
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有些时候－不知道你们是否也有这种感觉
00:27
but there are days when I palpably feel
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我会觉得
00:31
how much I rely on other people
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我的生活里几乎每一样东西
00:33
for pretty much everything in my life.
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都得依赖他人
00:36
And some days, that can even be a little scary.
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有时候，真有点吓人
00:39
But what I'm here to talk to you about today
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今天要介绍的
00:41
is how that same interdependence
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就是这种相互依存关系
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is actually an extremely powerful social infrastructure
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实际上是一种极为给力的社会基础
00:48
that we can actually harness
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借助于它
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to help heal some of our deepest civic issues,
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我们能够进行开源合作开放
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if we apply open source collaboration.
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从而解决一些很深刻的城市问题
00:59
A couple of years ago,
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几年前
01:01
I read an article by New York Times writer Michael Pollan
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我从《纽约时报》读到迈克尔･坡伦的文章
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in which he argued that growing even some of our own food
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他讲到亲手种植自身消费的食物
01:08
is one of the best things
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是我们能为环境做的
01:10
that we can do for the environment.
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最好的事情之一
01:12
Now at the time that I was reading this,
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我读到这篇文章的时候
01:14
it was the middle of the winter
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正是大冬天
01:16
and I definitely did not have room for a lot of dirt
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我那纽约小小的公寓里
01:19
in my New York City apartment.
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自然没有摆放大片土壤的空间
01:22
So I was basically just willing to settle
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我基本上就打算不理这茬儿了
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for just reading the next Wired magazine
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打算接着读读下一期的《连线》
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and finding out how the experts were going to figure out
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看看专家们对这些未来的问题
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how to solve all these problems for us in the future.
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都有什么解决方案
01:31
But that was actually exactly the point
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但这恰是迈克尔･坡伦
01:34
that Michael Pollan was making in this article --
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在那篇文章里要指出来的－
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was it's precisely when we hand over
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如果我们把这些问题的责任
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the responsibility for all these things to specialists
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都转交给专家来解决的话
01:41
that we cause the kind of messes
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就正好导致了诸如我们所见到的现在食品系统里
01:44
that we see with the food system.
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这样的混乱局面
01:47
So, I happen to know a little bit from my own work
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我当时刚好因为工作的缘故
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about how NASA has been using hydroponics
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对美国宇航局在太空尝试用水培法
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to explore growing food in space.
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种植物的事有所了解
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And you can actually get optimal nutritional yield
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优质的液体土壤
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by running a kind of high-quality liquid soil
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流经植物的根系可以
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over plants' root systems.
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保证最优的营养吸收
02:08
Now to a vegetable plant,
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对蔬菜植物来说
02:10
my apartment has got to be
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我的公寓就跟外太空一样
02:12
about as foreign as outer space.
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不是它们的宜居地
02:14
But I can offer some natural light
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但是我能提供一些自然光
02:17
and year-round climate control.
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和全年稳定的气温
02:19
Fast-forward two years later:
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2年后
02:21
we now have window farms,
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我们有了窗户农场
02:23
which are vertical, hydroponic platforms
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这是垂直的水培平台
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for food-growing indoors.
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可以在室内种食物
02:28
And the way it works is that there's a pump at the bottom,
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系统通过底部的水泵运转
02:31
which periodically sends some of this liquid nutrient solution up to the top,
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水泵定期将营养液运输到顶部
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which then trickles down through plants' root systems
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然后一点一滴流经植物根系
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that are suspended in clay pellets --
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根长在黏土颗粒中－
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so there's no dirt involved.
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这样系统不需要泥土
02:42
Now light and temperature vary
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光照和气温令
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with each window's microclimate,
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每个窗户的微气候都不同
02:46
so a window farm
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所以有一个窗户农场
02:48
requires a farmer,
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就得有一个窗户农场主
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and she must decide
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来决定
02:52
what kind of crops she is going to put in her window farm,
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在窗户农场里种什么粮食
02:55
and whether she is going to feed her food organically.
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以及怎么有机栽培
02:59
Back at the time, a window farm was no more
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那时候，窗户农场只是一个
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than a technically complex idea
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技术上有点儿复杂的想法
03:04
that was going to require a lot of testing.
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需要很多测试
03:07
And I really wanted it to be an open project,
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我很想把它做成一个开放计划
03:09
because hydroponics
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因为水培法现在
03:11
is one of the fastest growing areas of patenting
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是美国专利申请里
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in the United States right now
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最快速增长的领域之一
03:15
and could possibly become
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也许这会成为
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another area like Monsanto,
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下一个孟山都
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where we have a lot of corporate intellectual property
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他们持有大量的公司所有知识产权
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in the way of people's food.
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反而阻碍了粮食的发展
03:25
So I decided that, instead of creating a product,
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于是我决定，与其做一个产品
03:28
what I was going to do
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不如将其
03:30
was open this up to a whole bunch of co-developers.
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向所有共同开发者开放
03:34
The first few systems that we created, they kind of worked.
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我们开发的头几个系统 都还可以
03:37
We were actually able to grow about a salad a week
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能在一个纽约公寓的窗户上
03:39
in a typical New York City apartment window.
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一周种出一份沙拉来
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And we were able to grow cherry tomatoes and
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我们能种出小蕃茄和
03:43
cucumbers, all kinds of stuff.
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黄瓜 各种各样的蔬菜
03:45
But the first few systems
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但之前这几个系统
03:47
were these leaky, loud power-guzzlers
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都漏水而且是噪声大耗能多
03:50
that Martha Stewart would definitely never have approved.
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玛莎·斯图尔特（家政女皇）看到肯定要抓狂了
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(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:55
So to bring on more co-developers,
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为了召集更多的合作开发者
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what we did was we created a social media site
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我们建了一个社交网站
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on which we published the designs,
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可以把设计公布在上面
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we explained how they worked,
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说明工作原理
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and we even went so far
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甚至连同
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as to point out everything that was wrong with these systems.
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系统里的一切弊端都指了出来
04:10
And then we invited people all over the world
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我们邀请了世界各地的人们
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to build them and experiment with us.
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来建造，并和我们一起试验
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So actually now on this website,
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现在这个网站上
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we have 18,000 people.
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有一万八千人
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And we have window farms
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世界各地
04:23
all over the world.
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都有窗户农场
04:25
What we're doing
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现在我们做的是
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is what NASA or a large corporation
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美国宇航局或者大公司里面
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would call R&D, or research and development.
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叫研发（R&D)的工作
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But what we call it is R&D-I-Y,
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而我们叫它R&D-I-Y，研发DIY
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or research and develop it yourself.
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研究和自己开发
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So for example,
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比如
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Jackson came along and suggested
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杰克逊来提了个建议
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that we use air pumps instead of water pumps.
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用气泵而不是水泵
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It took building a whole bunch of systems to get it right,
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我们试了几个系统后终于搞定了
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but once we did, we were able
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这样一来
04:49
to cut our carbon footprint nearly in half.
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我们把碳足迹降低了接近一半
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Tony in Chicago has been taking on growing experiments,
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芝加哥的托尼在持续着种植试验
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like lots of other window farmers,
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其他很多窗户农场主也是
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and he's been able to get his strawberries to fruit
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他成功地在低光照度的条件下
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for nine months of the year in low-light conditions
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在一年中的九个月里都能培育出草莓果实
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by simply changing out the organic nutrients.
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他仅仅是调整了有机养料
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And window farmers in Finland
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芬兰的窗户农场主
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have been customizing their window farms
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为了让他们的窗户农场
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for the dark days of the Finnish winters
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能度过芬兰的冬天而定制了
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by outfitting them with LED grow lights
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带生长光照的LED灯的窗户农场
05:16
that they're now making open source and part of the project.
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他们对这个开源计划贡献了自己的力量
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So window farms have been evolving
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窗户农场像软件行业一样
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through a rapid versioning process
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经历了一个急速更新的
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similar to software.
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过程
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And with every open source project,
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每一个开源项目带来的
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the real benefit is the interplay
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实际利益是一个互动的机会
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between the specific concerns
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让人们在为某些特定情况来定制系统的时候
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of people customizing their systems
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可以同时为
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for their own particular concerns
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他们自己特定的环境来考虑
05:36
and the universal concerns.
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也能顾及到一些更普遍的问题
05:38
So my core team and I
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因此我和我的核心团队
05:40
are able to concentrate on the improvements
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致力于真正让每个人受益的
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that really benefit everyone.
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改良
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And we're able to look out for the needs of newcomers.
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我们也考虑到新加入者的需要
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So for do-it-yourselfers,
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对于自己动手的人
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we provide free, very well-tested instructions
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我们提供免费和详细的指导
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so that anyone, anywhere around the world,
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这样世界上的任何人
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can build one of these systems for free.
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都能不花钱地建起这样的系统
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And there's a patent pending on these systems as well
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这些设计系统的专利也是
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that's held by the community.
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由我们社区大家庭持有的
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And to fund the project,
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为了维持此项目
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we partner to create products
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我们也做成品
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that we then sell to schools and to individuals
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出售给学校和个人
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who don't have time to build their own systems.
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如果他们没有时间亲自建造的话（可以来买我们的成品）
06:13
Now within our community,
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如今我们的团队里
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a certain culture has appeared.
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已经产生了一种文化
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In our culture, it is better to be a tester
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在我们的文化里，大家都认为比起提供想法的人
06:19
who supports someone else's idea
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我们更应该做
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than it is to be just the idea guy.
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测试想法的人
06:25
What we get out of this project
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我们项目的成就感来源于
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is we get support for our own work,
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在寻求对我们工作的支持同时
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as well as an experience of actually contributing
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也是对环保运动的
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to the environmental movement
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实际贡献
06:35
in a way other than just screwing in new light bulbs.
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而不仅仅是换几个新式灯泡
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But I think that Eileen expresses best
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我想爱琳说出了
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what we really get out of this,
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我们的想法
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which is the actual joy of collaboration.
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我们享受这样的合作
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So she expresses here what it's like
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她说就像是
06:49
to see someone halfway across the world
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有个人隔着半个世界
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having taken your idea, built upon it
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借助你的想法建造了这个系统
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and then acknowledging you for contributing.
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并感谢你的贡献
06:56
If we really want to see the kind of wide consumer behavior change
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如果我们想真正看到大范围内消费行为的改变
07:00
that we're all talking about
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正如长期以来
07:02
as environmentalists and food people,
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环境保护主义者和食物人强调的（致力于开发食物产品战略的人）
07:04
maybe we just need to ditch the term "consumer"
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也许我们不应该再叫自己“消费者”
07:06
and get behind the people who are doing stuff.
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而是变成劳动者
07:10
Open source projects tend to have a momentum of their own.
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开源计划希望引领人们跟随我们的想法
07:13
And what we're seeing is that R&D-I-Y
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我们的R&D-I-Y
07:15
has moved beyond just window farms and LEDs
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已经从窗户农场和LED灯
07:19
into solar panels and aquaponic systems.
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涉及到太阳能板和养耕共生系统
07:23
And we're building upon innovations
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我们在前人的基础上
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of generations who went before us.
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发明创造
07:27
And we're looking ahead at generations
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并为了后人
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who really need us to retool our lives now.
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重新设计我们现在的生活
07:33
So we ask that you join us
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我邀请诸位加入我们
07:35
in rediscovering the value
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来重新认识联合公民
07:37
of citizens united,
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的价值
07:39
and to declare
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并宣布
07:41
that we are all still pioneers.
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我们都仍然是拓荒者
07:44
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Britta Riley - Artist, urban farmerBritta Riley designs and builds urban farms and other participatory artworks that explore the city.
Why you should listen
Britta Riley is an artist and technologist who makes crowdsourced R&D solutions for environmental issues. Her company, Windowfarms.org was named one of the top 100 businesses to watch in 2010 by Entrepreneur Magazine. Windowfarms makes vertical hydroponic platforms for growing food in city windows, designed in conjunction with a online citizen science web platform for with over 16,000 community members worldwide.
Britta Riley | Speaker | TED.com