TEDGlobal 2012
Beau Lotto + Amy O'Toole: Science is for everyone, kids included
Beau Lotto + Amy O’Toole: Znanost je za svakoga, uključujući djecu
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Što je zajedničko znanosti i igranju? Neuroznanstvenik Beau Lotto misli kako svi ljudi (uključujući djecu) trebaju sudjelovati u znanosti i, procesom otkrivanja, promijeniti percepciju. Podupire ga i dvanaestogodišnja Amy O'Toole, koja je, zajedno s 25 učenika iz svojeg razreda, objavila prvi recenzirani članak koji su napisala školska djeca, Projekt blackawtonskih pčela. On počinje ovako: "Bilo jednom davno…"
Beau Lotto - Neuroscientist, Artist
Beau Lotto is founder of Lottolab, a hybrid art studio and science lab. With glowing, interactive sculpture -- and old-fashioned peer-reviewed research--he's illuminating the mysteries of the brain's visual system. Full bioAmy O'Toole - Student
Amy O'Toole is a 12-year-old student who helped run a science experiment inspired by Beau Lotto's participative science approach. At age 10 she became one of the youngest people ever to publish a peer-reviewed science paper. Full bio
Beau Lotto is founder of Lottolab, a hybrid art studio and science lab. With glowing, interactive sculpture -- and old-fashioned peer-reviewed research--he's illuminating the mysteries of the brain's visual system. Full bioAmy O'Toole - Student
Amy O'Toole is a 12-year-old student who helped run a science experiment inspired by Beau Lotto's participative science approach. At age 10 she became one of the youngest people ever to publish a peer-reviewed science paper. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
Beau Lotto: So, this game is very simple.
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Beau Lotto: Ova je igra vrlo jednostavna.
00:19
All you have to do is read what you see. Right?
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Samo morate pročitati ono što vidite. U redu?
00:23
So, I'm going to count to you, so we don't all do it together.
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Brojit ću vam, tako da to ne činimo svi zajedno.
00:26
Okay, one, two, three.Audience: Can you read this?
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U redu, jedan, dva, tri.
Publika: Možete li ovo pročitati?
Publika: Možete li ovo pročitati?
00:29
BL: Amazing. What about this one? One, two, three.Audience: You are not reading this.
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BL: Odlično. A ovo? Jedan, dva, tri.
Publika: Vi ne čitate ovo.
Publika: Vi ne čitate ovo.
00:33
BL: All right. One, two, three. (Laughter)
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BL: U redu. Jedan, dva, tri. (Smijeh)
00:38
If you were Portuguese, right? How about this one? One, two, three.
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Da ste Portugalci, zar ne? A ovo? Jedan, dva, tri.
00:43
Audience: What are you reading?
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Publika: Što to čitate?
00:45
BL: What are you reading? There are no words there.
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BL: Što čitate? Ovdje nema riječi.
00:49
I said, read what you're seeing. Right?
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Rekao sam da čitate što vidite. Zar ne?
00:51
It literally says, "Wat ar ou rea in?" (Laughter) Right?
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Doslovno piše: "Št čtaš?" (Smijeh) Zar ne?
00:55
That's what you should have said. Right? Why is this?
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To je ono što ste trebali reći. Zašto je tako?
00:59
It's because perception is grounded in our experience.
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To je zato što se percepcija
temelji na našem iskustvu.
temelji na našem iskustvu.
01:02
Right? The brain takes meaningless information
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Mozak uzima informacije bez značenja
01:05
and makes meaning out of it, which means we never see
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i iz njih stvara značenje,
što znači da mi nikad ne vidimo
što znači da mi nikad ne vidimo
01:08
what's there, we never see information,
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ono što postoji, nikad ne vidimo informaciju,
01:11
we only ever see what was useful to see in the past.
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već samo ono što je bilo korisno vidjeti u prošlosti.
01:14
All right? Which means, when it comes to perception,
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U redu? To znači da smo, kad je riječ o percepciji,
01:17
we're all like this frog.
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poput ove žabe.
01:23
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:24
Right? It's getting information. It's generating behavior
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Ona dobiva informacije.
Proizvodi ponašanje
Proizvodi ponašanje
01:28
that's useful. (Laughter)
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koje je korisno. (Smijeh)
01:32
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:39
(Video) Man: Ow! Ow! (Laughter) (Applause)
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(Video) Čovjek: Au! Au! (Smijeh) (Pljesak)
01:45
BL: And sometimes, when things don't go our way,
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BL: A ponekad, kad stvari ne idu
kako bismo mi željeli,
kako bismo mi željeli,
01:48
we get a little bit annoyed, right?
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naljutimo se, zar ne?
01:50
But we're talking about perception here, right?
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Ali govorimo o percepciji.
01:53
And perception underpins everything we think, we know,
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A percepcija naglašava sve što mislimo, znamo,
01:57
we believe, our hopes, our dreams, the clothes we wear,
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vjerujemo, naše nade,
naše snove, odjeću koju nosimo,
naše snove, odjeću koju nosimo,
02:00
falling in love, everything begins with perception.
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zaljubljivanje, sve počinje opažanjem.
02:04
Now if perception is grounded in our history, it means
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Ako se percepcija temelji
na našoj povijesti, to znači
na našoj povijesti, to znači
02:07
we're only ever responding according to what we've done before.
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da mi uvijek reagiramo u skladu
s onime što smo činili prije.
s onime što smo činili prije.
02:10
But actually, it's a tremendous problem,
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Ali to je zapravo golem problem,
02:13
because how can we ever see differently?
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jer kako ćemo onda ikad moći vidjeti drukčije?
02:17
Now, I want to tell you a story about seeing differently,
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Želim vam ispričati priču o gledanju na drugi način,
02:21
and all new perceptions begin in the same way.
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a sve nove percepcije počinju na isti način.
02:25
They begin with a question.
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Počinju pitanjem.
02:28
The problem with questions is they create uncertainty.
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Problem je što pitanja stvaraju nesigurnost.
02:31
Now, uncertainty is a very bad thing. It's evolutionarily
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Nesigurnost je vrlo loša. Evolucijski je loša.
02:34
a bad thing. If you're not sure that's a predator, it's too late.
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Ako niste sigurni je li to grabežljivac, prekasno je.
02:37
Okay? (Laughter)
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Zar ne? (Smijeh)
02:39
Even seasickness is a consequence of uncertainty.
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Čak je i morska bolest posljedica nesigurnosti.
02:42
Right? If you go down below on a boat, your inner ears
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Ako se spuštate na brodu, vaše unutarnje uho
02:44
are you telling you you're moving. Your eyes, because
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govori vam da se krećete. A vaše oči,
02:46
it's moving in register with the boat, say I'm standing still.
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jer se pomiču u skladu s brodom,
govore: "Stojim na mjestu."
govore: "Stojim na mjestu."
02:48
Your brain cannot deal with the uncertainty of that information, and it gets ill.
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Vaš mozak ne može se nositi
s nesigurnošću te informacije pa oboli.
s nesigurnošću te informacije pa oboli.
02:53
The question "why?" is one of the most dangerous things you can do,
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Pitanje "Zašto?" jedna je od
najopasnijih stvari koje možete učiniti,
najopasnijih stvari koje možete učiniti,
02:57
because it takes you into uncertainty.
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jer vas vodi u nesigurnost.
03:00
And yet, the irony is, the only way we can ever
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Ipak, ironično je da je jedini način
03:03
do anything new is to step into that space.
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da učinimo nešto novo
to da zakoračimo u taj prostor.
to da zakoračimo u taj prostor.
03:06
So how can we ever do anything new? Well fortunately,
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Pa kako onda ikad možemo
učiniti nešto novo? Na sreću,
učiniti nešto novo? Na sreću,
03:10
evolution has given us an answer, right?
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evolucija nam je dala odgovor, zar ne?
03:13
And it enables us to address even the most difficult
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On nam omogućuje suočavanje i s najtežim pitanjima.
03:17
of questions. The best questions are the ones that create the most uncertainty.
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Najbolja su pitanja ona koja
stvaraju najviše nesigurnosti.
stvaraju najviše nesigurnosti.
03:22
They're the ones that question the things we think to be true already. Right?
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To su ona koja dovode u pitanje stvari
za koje već mislimo da su istinite.
za koje već mislimo da su istinite.
03:25
It's easy to ask questions about how did life begin,
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Lako je postaviti pitanje o tome kako je počeo život
03:27
or what extends beyond the universe, but to question what you think to be true already
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ili što se nalazi izvan svemira, ali dovesti u pitanje
ono za što već misliš da je istina --
ono za što već misliš da je istina --
03:31
is really stepping into that space.
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to je pravi korak u taj prostor.
03:34
So what is evolution's answer to the problem of uncertainty?
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Pa, koji je odgovor evolucije
na problem nesigurnosti?
na problem nesigurnosti?
03:39
It's play.
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To je igra.
03:40
Now play is not simply a process. Experts in play will tell you
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Igra nije samo proces. Stručnjaci za igru reći će vam
03:45
that actually it's a way of being.
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da je to zapravo način života.
03:47
Play is one of the only human endeavors where uncertainty
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Igra je jedna od rijetkih ljudskih radnji
gdje se nesigurnost
gdje se nesigurnost
03:50
is actually celebrated. Uncertainty is what makes play fun.
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zapravo slavi. Nesigurnost igru čini zabavnom.
03:54
Right? It's adaptable to change. Right? It opens possibility,
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Sposobna je za promjenu. Otvara mogućnosti
03:59
and it's cooperative. It's actually how we do our social bonding,
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i kooperativna je. Tako se
zapravo socijalno zbližavamo,
zapravo socijalno zbližavamo,
04:03
and it's intrinsically motivated. What that means
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i intrinsično je motivirana. To znači
04:04
is that we play to play. Play is its own reward.
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da se igramo kako bismo se igrali.
Igra je sama sebi nagrada.
Igra je sama sebi nagrada.
04:09
Now if you look at these five ways of being,
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Ako pogledate ovih pet načina življenja,
04:13
these are the exact same ways of being you need
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to su upravo isti načini življenja koje trebate
04:16
in order to be a good scientist.
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da biste bili dobar znanstvenik.
04:18
Science is not defined by the method section of a paper.
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Znanost se ne definira metodičnim dijelom rada.
04:21
It's actually a way of being, which is here, and this is true
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Ona je način života koji je ovdje i istinit je
04:24
for anything that is creative.
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za bilo što što je kreativno.
04:27
So if you add rules to play, you have a game.
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Ako dodate pravila za igranje, imate igru.
04:31
That's actually what an experiment is.
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I pokusi su upravo to.
04:34
So armed with these two ideas,
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Naoružani ovim dvjema idejama,
04:35
that science is a way of being and experiments are play,
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da je znanost način života, a da su pokusi igra,
04:40
we asked, can anyone become a scientist?
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pitali smo: Može li bilo tko postati znanstvenik?
04:43
And who better to ask than 25 eight- to 10-year-old children?
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Najbolje je to pitati 25 djece
u dobi od osam do deset godina.
u dobi od osam do deset godina.
04:47
Because they're experts in play. So I took my bee arena
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Jer oni su stručnjaci za igru.
Tako sam odnio svoju pčelinju arenu
Tako sam odnio svoju pčelinju arenu
04:50
down to a small school in Devon, and the aim of this
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u malu školu u Devonu, a cilj toga
04:54
was to not just get the kids to see science differently,
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bio je ne samo pridobiti djecu
da znanost vide drukčije,
da znanost vide drukčije,
04:58
but, through the process of science, to see themselves differently. Right?
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već da, kroz proces znanosti,
vide same sebe drukčije.
vide same sebe drukčije.
05:03
The first step was to ask a question.
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Prvi je korak bio postaviti pitanje.
05:06
Now, I should say that we didn't get funding for this study
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Moram reći da nismo dobili
sponzorstvo za ovaj projekt
sponzorstvo za ovaj projekt
05:09
because the scientists said small children couldn't make
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jer su znanstvenici rekli da mala djeca ne mogu
05:12
a useful contribution to science, and the teachers said kids couldn't do it.
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dati koristan doprinos znanosti, a i učitelji su rekli isto to.
05:17
So we did it anyway. Right? Of course.
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Ali ipak smo to napravili. Naravno.
05:20
So, here are some of the questions. I put them in small print
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Ovo su neka od pitanja.
Ispisao sam ih malim slovima
Ispisao sam ih malim slovima
05:23
so you wouldn't bother reading it. Point is that five of the questions that the kids came up with
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kako se ne biste zamarali čitanjem. Bit je u tome
da je pet pitanja koja su djeca smislila
da je pet pitanja koja su djeca smislila
05:28
were actually the basis of science publication the last five to 15 years. Right?
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bilo temelj znanstvene publikacije
posljednjih pet do petnaest godina.
posljednjih pet do petnaest godina.
05:32
So they were asking questions that were significant
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Postavljali su pitanja koja su bila značajna
05:35
to expert scientists.
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znanstvenim stručnjacima.
05:37
Now here, I want to share the stage with someone quite special. Right?
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Želio bih podijeliti pozornicu
s nekim veoma posebnim.
s nekim veoma posebnim.
05:41
She was one of the young people who was involved in this study,
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Ona je bila jedna od mladih ljudi
uključenih u ovo istraživanje
uključenih u ovo istraživanje
05:44
and she's now one of the youngest published scientists
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i ona je sada jedna od najmlađih
znanstvenika s objavljenim radom.
znanstvenika s objavljenim radom.
05:46
in the world. Right? She will now, once she comes onto stage,
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Ona će sad, kad dođe na pozornicu,
05:50
will be the youngest person to ever speak at TED. Right?
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biti najmlađa osoba koja je ikad govorila na TED-u.
05:54
Now, science and asking questions is about courage.
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Znanost i postavljanje pitanja stvar su hrabrosti.
05:56
Now she is the personification of courage, because she's
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Ona je utjelovljenje hrabrosti
06:00
going to stand up here and talk to you all.
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jer će stati ovdje i govoriti svima vama.
06:01
So Amy, would you please come up? (Applause)
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Amy, hoćeš li, molim te, doći gore? (Pljesak)
06:06
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:14
So Amy's going to help me tell the story of what we call
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Amy će mi pomoći ispričati priču o
06:16
the Blackawton Bees Project, and first she's going to tell you
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Projektu blackawtonskih pčela, a prvo će vam reći
06:19
the question that they came up with. So go ahead, Amy.
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koje su pitanje smislili. Izvoli, Amy.
06:21
Amy O'Toole: Thank you, Beau. We thought
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Amy O'Toole: Hvala, Beau. Mislili smo
06:23
that it was easy to see the link between humans and apes
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kako je lako vidjeti vezu između ljudi i majmuna
06:26
in the way that we think, because we look alike.
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po načinu na koji mislimo, jer izgledamo slično.
06:29
But we wondered if there's a possible link
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Ali mi smo se zapitali postoji li veza
06:32
with other animals. It'd be amazing if humans and bees
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s drugim životinjama.
Bilo bi odlično kad bi ljudi i pčele
Bilo bi odlično kad bi ljudi i pčele
06:37
thought similar, since they seem so different from us.
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razmišljali slično, s obzirom na to
da su tako različite od nas.
da su tako različite od nas.
06:41
So we asked if humans and bees might solve
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Pitali smo mogu li ljudi i pčele rješavati
06:44
complex problems in the same way.
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složene probleme na isti način.
06:46
Really, we wanted to know if bees can also adapt
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Stvarno, htjeli smo znati mogu li se i pčele prilagoditi
06:50
themselves to new situations using previously learned rules
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novim situacijama koristeći ranije naučena pravila
06:53
and conditions. So what if bees can think like us?
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i stanja. Što ako pčele mogu misliti poput nas?
06:58
Well, it'd be amazing, since we're talking about an insect
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To bi bilo odlično, budući da govorimo o kukcu
07:00
with only one million brain cells.
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sa samo jednim milijunom moždanih stanica.
07:03
But it actually makes a lot of sense they should,
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Ali to da bi trebale tako razmišljati
zapravo ima puno smisla,
zapravo ima puno smisla,
07:05
because bees, like us, can recognize a good flower
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zato što pčele, kao mi, mogu prepoznati dobar cvijet
07:08
regardless of the time of day, the light, the weather,
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neovisno o dobu dana, svjetlu, vremenu
07:12
or from any angle they approach it from. (Applause)
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ili o kutu iz kojeg mu pristupaju. (Pljesak)
07:17
BL: So the next step was to design an experiment,
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BL: Sljedeći korak bio je osmisliti pokus
07:21
which is a game. So the kids went off and they designed
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koji je igra. Djeca su krenula i osmislila
07:24
this experiment, and so -- well, game -- and so,
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taj pokus, odnosno igru.
07:28
Amy, can you tell us what the game was,
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Amy, možeš li nam reći kakva je bila igra
07:29
and the puzzle that you set the bees?
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i zagonetka koju ste pripremili pčelama?
07:31
AO: The puzzle we came up with was an if-then rule.
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AO: Zagonetka koju smo smislili
bila je po pravilu ako-onda.
bila je po pravilu ako-onda.
07:34
We asked the bees to learn not just to go to a certain color,
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Tražili smo od pčela da nauče
ne samo da odlaze određenoj boji,
ne samo da odlaze određenoj boji,
07:38
but to a certain color flower only
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već i samo cvijetu određene boje
07:41
when it's in a certain pattern.
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kad je u određenom uzorku.
07:42
They were only rewarded if they went to the yellow flowers
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Bile su nagrađene samo
ako su odlazile žutim cvjetovima
ako su odlazile žutim cvjetovima
07:46
if the yellow flowers were surrounded by the blue,
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koji su okruženi plavima
07:49
or if the blue flowers were surrounded by the yellow.
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ili ako su plavi cvjetovi bili okruženi žutima.
07:52
Now there's a number of different rules the bees can learn
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Postoji više različitih pravila koja pčele mogu naučiti
07:55
to solve this puzzle. The interesting question is, which?
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kako bi riješile zagonetku. Zanimljivo pitanje jest: Koja?
07:58
What was really exciting about this project was we,
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Bilo je zaista uzbudljivo što mi i Beau
08:01
and Beau, had no idea whether it would work.
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nismo imali pojma hoće li projekt uspjeti.
08:03
It was completely new, and no one had done it before,
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To je bilo potpuno novo
i nitko to nije prije učinio,
i nitko to nije prije učinio,
08:06
including adults. (Laughter)
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uključujući i odrasle. (Smijeh)
08:09
BL: Including the teachers, and that was really hard for the teachers.
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BL: Uključujući i učitelje, a to im je teško palo.
08:13
It's easy for a scientist to go in and not have a clue what he's doing,
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Lako je znanstveniku ući u nešto
i nemati pojma što radi,
i nemati pojma što radi,
08:16
because that's what we do in the lab, but for a teacher
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jer mi to radimo u laboratorijima, ali da učitelj
08:18
not to know what's going to happen at the end of the day --
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ne zna što će se dogoditi na kraju dana...
08:20
so much of the credit goes to Dave Strudwick, who was
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Mnogo zasluga ide Daveu Strudwicku
08:22
the collaborator on this project. Okay?
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koji je bio suradnik na ovom projektu.
08:25
So I'm not going to go through the whole details of the study
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Ja sada neću proći sve detalje istraživanja
08:27
because actually you can read about it, but the next step
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zato što to možete i pročitati, ali sljedeći korak
08:30
is observation. So here are some of the students
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jest opažanje. Ovdje nekoliko učenika opaža.
08:34
doing the observations. They're recording the data
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Bilježe podatke o tome
08:36
of where the bees fly.
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kamo pčele lete.
08:41
(Video) Dave Strudwick: So what we're going to do —Student: 5C.
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(Video) Dave Strudwick: Ono što ćemo učiniti --
Učenik: 5C.
Učenik: 5C.
08:43
Dave Strudwick: Is she still going up here?Student: Yeah.
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Dave Strudwick: Ide li još uvijek
tamo gore? Učenik: Da.
tamo gore? Učenik: Da.
08:47
Dave Strudwick: So you keep track of each.Student: Henry, can you help me here?
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Dave Strudwick: Znači, prati svaku.
Učenik: Henry, možeš mi pomoći?
Učenik: Henry, možeš mi pomoći?
08:51
BL: "Can you help me, Henry?" What good scientist says that, right?
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BL: "Možeš li mi pomoći, Henry?"
Koji će dobar znanstvenik to reći?
Koji će dobar znanstvenik to reći?
08:54
Student: There's two up there.
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Učenik: Ovdje su dvije.
08:59
And three in here.
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I ovdje tri.
09:02
BL: Right? So we've got our observations. We've got our data.
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BL: Dakle, imamo svoja opažanja.
Imamo svoje podatke.
Imamo svoje podatke.
09:04
They do the simple mathematics, averaging, etc., etc.
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Oni rade jednostavnu matematiku, prosjek, itd., itd.
09:08
And now we want to share. That's the next step.
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A sad to želimo podijeliti s drugima. To je sljedeći korak.
09:10
So we're going to write this up and try to submit this
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Zapisat ćemo to sve
i pokušati predati na objavljivanje.
i pokušati predati na objavljivanje.
09:11
for publication. Right? So we have to write it up.
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Znači, moramo to zapisati.
09:14
So we go, of course, to the pub. All right? (Laughter)
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I odlazimo, naravno, u kafić. U redu? (Smijeh)
09:19
The one on the left is mine, okay? (Laughter)
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Ovaj lijevo je moj. (Smijeh)
09:21
Now, I tell them, a paper has four different sections:
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Kažem im da rad ima četiri različita dijela:
09:23
an introduction, a methods, a results, a discussion.
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uvod, metode, rezultate i raspravu.
09:26
The introduction says, what's the question and why?
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Uvod govori koje je pitanje i zašto.
09:28
Methods, what did you do? Results, what was the observation?
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Metode su ono što ste radili.
Rezultati, što je opaženo.
Rezultati, što je opaženo.
09:31
And the discussion is, who cares? Right?
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I rasprava, koga briga. Zar ne?
09:34
That's a science paper, basically. (Laughter)
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To je znanstveni rad, manje-više. (Smijeh)
09:36
So the kids give me the words, right? I put it into a narrative,
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Djeca su mi dala riječi. Ja sam ih samo složio u tekst,
09:41
which means that this paper is written in kidspeak.
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što znači da je rad napisan dječjim govorom.
09:44
It's not written by me. It's written by Amy
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Nisam ga ja napisao. Napisala ga je Amy
09:46
and the other students in the class. As a consequence,
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i drugi učenici u razredu. Kao posljedica toga,
09:50
this science paper begins, "Once upon a time ... " (Laughter)
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ovaj znanstveni rad počinje ovako:
"Bilo jednom davno…" (Smijeh)
"Bilo jednom davno…" (Smijeh)
09:56
The results section, it says: "Training phase, the puzzle ... duh duh duuuuuhhh." Right? (Laughter)
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Dio o rezultatima kaže: "Faza treniranja,
zagonetka… tam tam taaaam." (Smijeh)
zagonetka… tam tam taaaam." (Smijeh)
10:01
And the methods, it says, "Then we put the bees
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A kod metoda piše: "Onda smo stavili pčele u
10:03
into the fridge (and made bee pie)," smiley face. Right? (Laughter)
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hladnjak (i napravili pitu od pčela)", smajlić. (Smijeh)
10:06
This is a science paper. We're going to try to get it published.
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To je znanstveni rad. Pokušat ćemo ga objaviti.
10:10
So here's the title page. We have a number of authors there.
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Evo naslovne stranice. Imamo više autora.
10:13
All the ones in bold are eight to 10 years old.
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Svi masno otisnuti imaju od 8 do 10 godina.
10:16
The first author is Blackawton Primary School, because
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Prvi je autor Osnovna škola Blackawton,
10:18
if it were ever referenced, it would be "Blackawton et al,"
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pa ako se ikad bude citiralo,
bit će navedeno kao "Blackawton et al.",
bit će navedeno kao "Blackawton et al.",
10:21
and not one individual. So we submit it to a public access journal,
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a ne kao pojedinac. Rad smo
predali javno dostupnom časopisu
predali javno dostupnom časopisu
10:24
and it says this. It said many things, but it said this.
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i rekli su nam ovo. Rekli su nam mnogo toga, ali i ovo.
10:28
"I'm afraid the paper fails our initial quality control checks in several different ways." (Laughter)
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"Bojim se da rad ne prolazi našu inicijalnu
kontrolu kvalitete iz nekoliko razloga." (Smijeh)
kontrolu kvalitete iz nekoliko razloga." (Smijeh)
10:32
In other words, it starts off "once upon a time,"
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Drugim riječima, počinje s "Bilo jednom davno",
10:34
the figures are in crayon, etc. (Laughter)
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brojevi su napisani bojicama, itd. (Smijeh)
10:37
So we said, we'll get it reviewed. So I sent it to Dale Purves,
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Rekli smo da ćemo ga dati na recenziju
pa sam ga poslao Daleu Purvesu
pa sam ga poslao Daleu Purvesu
10:41
who is at the National Academy of Science, one of the leading neuroscientists in the world,
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koji radi za Nacionalnu akademiju znanosti,
jedan je od vodećih neuroznanstvenika u svijetu,
jedan je od vodećih neuroznanstvenika u svijetu,
10:45
and he says, "This is the most original science paper I have ever read" — (Laughter) —
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i on je rekao: "Ovo je najoriginalniji znanstveni rad
koji sam ikad pročitao" -- (Smijeh) --
koji sam ikad pročitao" -- (Smijeh) --
10:48
"and it certainly deserves wide exposure."
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"i zasigurno zaslužuje široku eksponiranost."
10:50
Larry Maloney, expert in vision, says, "The paper is magnificent.
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Larry Maloney, stručnjak za vid,
kaže: "Rad je fantastičan.
kaže: "Rad je fantastičan.
10:54
The work would be publishable if done by adults."
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Mogao bi se objaviti da su ga radili odrasli."
10:58
So what did we do? We send it back to the editor.
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I što smo učinili? Poslali smo ga natrag uredniku.
11:00
They say no.
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Rekao je ne.
11:01
So we asked Larry and Natalie Hempel to write
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Pa smo pitali Larryja i Natalie Hempel da
11:04
a commentary situating the findings for scientists, right,
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napišu komentar, približe zaključke znanstvenicima
11:08
putting in the references, and we submit it to Biology Letters.
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i ubace reference, pa smo ga
poslali časopisu Biology Letters.
poslali časopisu Biology Letters.
11:12
And there, it was reviewed by five independent referees,
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Ondje ga je pregledalo petero nezavisnih sudaca
11:15
and it was published. Okay? (Applause)
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i objavljen je. OK? (Pljesak)
11:20
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
11:26
It took four months to do the science,
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Trebalo je četiri mjeseca da obavimo znanstveni dio,
11:29
two years to get it published. (Laughter)
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a dvije godine da to objavimo. (Smijeh)
11:32
Typical science, actually, right? So this makes Amy and
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Tipično za znanost, zapravo, zar ne? Tako su Amy
11:37
her friends the youngest published scientists in the world.
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i njezini prijatelji postali najmlađi znanstvenici
s objavljenim radom na svijetu.
s objavljenim radom na svijetu.
11:39
What was the feedback like?
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Kakva je bila povratna reakcija?
11:41
Well, it was published two days before Christmas,
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Pa, rad je objavljen dva dana prije Božića,
11:44
downloaded 30,000 times in the first day, right?
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preuzet je 30.000 puta prvog dana.
11:48
It was the Editors' Choice in Science, which is a top science magazine.
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Bio je Izbor urednika u Scienceu,
vrhunskom znanstvenom časopisu.
vrhunskom znanstvenom časopisu.
11:52
It's forever freely accessible by Biology Letters.
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Zauvijek je besplatno dostupan
preko Biology Lettersa.
preko Biology Lettersa.
11:55
It's the only paper that will ever be freely accessible by this journal.
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To je jedini rad koji će ikad biti
besplatno dostupan preko tog časopisa.
besplatno dostupan preko tog časopisa.
11:58
Last year, it was the second-most downloaded paper
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Prošle godine bio je drugi najpreuzimaniji rad
12:01
by Biology Letters, and the feedback from not just scientists
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Biology Lettersa, a povratne informacije
ne samo od znanstvenika i učitelja
ne samo od znanstvenika i učitelja
12:05
and teachers but the public as well.
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već i od javnosti --
12:08
And I'll just read one.
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pročitat ću samo jednu.
12:09
"I have read 'Blackawton Bees' recently. I don't have
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"Nedavno sam pročitao 'Blackawtonske pčele'.
12:12
words to explain exactly how I am feeling right now.
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Nema riječi kojima bih dočarao
kako se trenutno osjećam.
kako se trenutno osjećam.
12:14
What you guys have done is real, true and amazing.
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To što ste vi napravili stvarno je, istinito i fantastično.
12:17
Curiosity, interest, innocence and zeal are the most basic
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Znatiželja, zanimanje, nevinost i žar najosnovnije su
12:20
and most important things to do science.
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i najvažnije stvari za bavljenje znanošću.
12:22
Who else can have these qualities more than children?
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Tko drugi može imati te kvalitete više nego djeca?
12:24
Please congratulate your children's team from my side."
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Molim vas, čestitajte svojem dječjem timu u moje ime."
12:28
So I'd like to conclude with a physical metaphor.
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Želio bih zaključiti s tjelesnom metaforom.
12:31
Can I do it on you? (Laughter)
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Mogu li to učiniti na tebi? (Smijeh)
12:34
Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, come on. Yeah yeah. Okay.
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Da, da, da, hajde. Da, da. U redu.
12:37
Now, science is about taking risks, so this is an incredible risk, right? (Laughter)
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U znanosti treba riskirati,
a ovo je nevjerojatan rizik, zar ne? (Smijeh)
a ovo je nevjerojatan rizik, zar ne? (Smijeh)
12:42
For me, not for him. Right? Because we've only done this once before. (Laughter)
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Za mene, ne za njega. Zato što smo ovo
do sad učinili samo jednom. (Smijeh)
do sad učinili samo jednom. (Smijeh)
12:48
And you like technology, right?
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Ti voliš tehnologiju, zar ne?
12:50
Shimon Schocken: Right, but I like myself.
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Shimon Schocken: Točno, ali volim i sebe.
12:52
BL: This is the epitome of technology. Right. Okay.
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BL: Ovo je savršen primjer tehnologije.
12:55
Now ... (Laughter)
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Sada... (Smijeh)
12:59
Okay. (Laughter)
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U redu. (Smijeh)
13:02
Now, we're going to do a little demonstration, right?
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Sad ćemo imati malu demonstraciju, može?
13:06
You have to close your eyes, and you have to point
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Moraš zatvoriti oči i uprijeti prstom
13:10
where you hear me clapping. All right?
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u mjesto gdje me čuješ kako plješćem. U redu?
13:13
(Clapping)
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(Pljeskanje)
13:17
(Clapping)
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(Pljeskanje)
13:20
Okay, how about if everyone over there shouts. One, two, three?
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Kako bi bilo da svi tamo viknu? Jedan, dva, tri.
13:23
Audience: (Shouts)
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Publika: (Vikanje)
13:26
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:31
(Shouts) (Laughter)
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(Vikanje) (Smijeh)
13:34
Brilliant. Now, open your eyes. We'll do it one more time.
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Izvrsno. Otvorite oči. Učinit ćemo ovo još jednom.
13:37
Everyone over there shout. (Shouts)
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Svi tamo viknite. (Vikanje)
13:40
Where's the sound coming from? (Laughter) (Applause)
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Odakle dolazi zvuk? (Smijeh) (Pljesak)
13:46
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Puno hvala. (Pljesak)
13:50
What's the point? The point is what science does for us.
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U čemu je stvar? Stvar je
u onome što znanost čini za nas.
u onome što znanost čini za nas.
13:54
Right? We normally walk through life responding,
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Obično idemo kroz život odgovarajući,
13:56
but if we ever want to do anything different, we have to
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ali ako ikad želimo učiniti nešto drukčije,
13:59
step into uncertainty. When he opened his eyes,
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moramo zakoračiti u nesigurnost. Kad je otvorio oči,
14:01
he was able to see the world in a new way.
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mogao je vidjeti svijet na nov način.
14:04
That's what science offers us. It offers the possibility
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To je ono što nam znanost nudi. Nudi nam mogućnost
14:07
to step on uncertainty through the process of play, right?
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da zakoračimo u nesigurnost kroz proces igre.
14:11
Now, true science education I think should be about
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Istinsko znanstveno obrazovanje trebalo bi
14:14
giving people a voice and enabling to express that voice,
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dati ljudima glas i omogućiti im da izraze taj glas
14:17
so I've asked Amy to be the last voice in this short story.
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pa sam pitao Amy da bude
posljednji glas u ovoj kratkoj priči.
posljednji glas u ovoj kratkoj priči.
14:22
So, Amy?
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Amy?
14:25
AO: This project was really exciting for me,
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AO: Ovaj projekt bio mi je zbilja uzbudljiv
14:27
because it brought the process of discovery to life,
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jer je oživio proces otkrivanja
14:30
and it showed me that anyone, and I mean anyone,
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i pokazao mi da svatko, stvarno svatko,
14:33
has the potential to discover something new,
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ima potencijal otkriti nešto novo,
14:36
and that a small question can lead into a big discovery.
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i da malo pitanje može dovesti do velikog otkrića.
14:40
Changing the way a person thinks about something
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Promjena načina na koji osoba razmišlja o nečemu
14:42
can be easy or hard. It all depends on the way the person
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može biti laka ili teška. Sve ovisi o onome što
14:46
feels about change.
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osoba misli o toj promjeni.
14:48
But changing the way I thought about science was
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Ali mijenjanje načina na koji
sam ja razmišljala o znanosti
sam ja razmišljala o znanosti
14:50
surprisingly easy. Once we played the games
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bilo je iznenađujuće lako. Kad smo počeli igrati igre
14:52
and then started to think about the puzzle,
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i razmišljati o zagonetki,
14:55
I then realized that science isn't just a boring subject,
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tad sam shvatila da znanost
nije samo dosadan predmet
nije samo dosadan predmet
14:59
and that anyone can discover something new.
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te da svatko može otkriti nešto novo.
15:02
You just need an opportunity. My opportunity came
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Samo trebate priliku. Moja prilika došla je
15:05
in the form of Beau, and the Blackawton Bee Project.
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u obliku Beaua i Projekta blackawtonskih pčela.
15:08
Thank you.BL: Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Hvala.
BL: Puno hvala. (Pljesak)
BL: Puno hvala. (Pljesak)
15:12
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Beau Lotto - Neuroscientist, ArtistBeau Lotto is founder of Lottolab, a hybrid art studio and science lab. With glowing, interactive sculpture -- and old-fashioned peer-reviewed research--he's illuminating the mysteries of the brain's visual system.
Why you should listen
"Let there be perception," was evolution's proclamation, and so it was that all creatures, from honeybees to humans, came to see the world not as it is, but as was most useful. This uncomfortable place--where what an organism's brain sees diverges from what is actually out there--is what Beau Lotto and his team at Lottolab are exploring through their dazzling art-sci experiments and public illusions. Their Bee Matrix installation, for example, places a live bee in a transparent enclosure where gallerygoers may watch it seek nectar in a virtual meadow of luminous Plexiglas flowers. (Bees, Lotto will tell you, see colors much like we humans do.) The data captured isn't just discarded, either: it's put to good use in probing scientific papers, and sometimes in more exhibits.
At their home in London’s Science Museum, the lab holds "synesthetic workshops" where kids and adults make abstract paintings that computers interpret into music, and they host regular Lates--evenings of science, music and "mass experiments." Lotto is passionate about involving people from all walks of life in research on perception--both as subjects and as fellow researchers. One such program, called "i,scientist," in fact led to the publication of the first ever peer-reviewed scientific paper written by schoolchildren ("Blackawton Bees," December 2010). It starts, "Once upon a time ..."
These and Lotto's other conjurings are slowly, charmingly bending the science of perception--and our perceptions of what science can be.
Beau Lotto | Speaker | TED.com
Amy O'Toole - Student
Amy O'Toole is a 12-year-old student who helped run a science experiment inspired by Beau Lotto's participative science approach. At age 10 she became one of the youngest people ever to publish a peer-reviewed science paper.
Why you should listen
Amy O'Toole is a 12-year-old student with a peer-reviewed scientific publication under her belt. She took part in a participative science program led by Beau Lotto , called "i, scientist," which inspired a science experiment by a group of 26 primary school students in Blackawton, Devon, UK. O'Toole was never interested in science before this project, but now intends to study the human mind and body. The project led to the publication of the first ever peer-reviewed scientific paper written by schoolchildren ("Blackawton Bees," Royal Society's Biology Letters, December 2010). It starts: "Once upon a time ... ."
Amy O'Toole | Speaker | TED.com