TED2007
David Hoffman: Sputnik mania
David Hoffman dijeli svoju Sputnik maniju
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Redatelj David Hoffman prikazuje snimke iz svog dugometražnog dokumentarca "Sputnik manija," koji prikazuje kako je lansiranje Sputnika 1957. od strane Sovjetskog Saveza dovelo do utrke u svemiru i naoružanju -- i početka znanosti i matematičkog obrazovanja diljem svijeta.
David Hoffman - Filmmaker
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:21
Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,
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Prije pedeset godina u starom Sovjetskom Savezu,
00:24
a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object
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tim inžinjera je, u tajnosti, prenosio veliki objekt
00:27
through a desolate countryside.
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kroz pusta sela.
00:30
With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere
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S njim, nadali su se kako će svugdje osvojiti umove ljudi
00:33
by being the first to conquer outer space.
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tako što će biti prvi koji su osvojili svemir.
00:36
The rocket was huge.
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Raketa je bila ogromna.
00:38
And packed in its nose was a silver ball
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I smještena u nosu rakete bila je srebrna kugla
00:40
with two radios inside.
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s dva radija unutra.
00:44
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.
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4. listopada 1957., lansirali su svoju raketu.
00:47
One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:
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Jedan od Ruskih znanstvenika je u to vrijeme napisao:
00:50
"We are about to create a new planet
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"Stvorit ćemo novi planet
00:52
that we will call Sputnik.
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koji ćemo nazvati Sputnik.
00:55
In the olden days, explorers
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U starim danima, istraživači
00:57
like Vasco da Gama and Columbus
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poput Vasco da Gama-e i Kolumba
01:00
had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.
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imali su veliku sreću kada su otkrili kopneni dio kugle.
01:04
Now we have the good fortune to open up space.
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Sada imamo veliku sreću što možemo otkriti svemir.
01:07
And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
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I na onima u budućnosti je da zavide našem veselju."
01:12
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,
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Gledate isječke iz "Sputnika", mog petog dugometražnog dokumentarca,
01:16
which is just about completed.
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koji je upravo završen.
01:19
It tells the story of Sputnik,
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Priča priču o Sputniku,
01:21
and the story of what happened to America as a result.
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i priču o tome što se dogodilo Americi kao rezultat toga.
01:24
For days after the launch,
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Danima nakon lansiranja,
01:26
Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.
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Sputnik je bio predmet prekrasne znatiželje.
01:29
A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,
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Mjesec kojeg je napravio čovjek, vidljiv običnim građanima,
01:33
it inspired awe and pride
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izazivao je strahopoštovanje i ponos
01:36
that humans had finally launched an object into space.
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što su ljudi konačno lansirali objekt u svemir.
01:41
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,
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Ali samo tri dana poslije, na dan zvan "Crveni ponedjeljak,"
01:44
the media and the politicians told us,
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mediji i političari su nam rekli,
01:47
and we believed, that Sputnik was proof
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a mi smo vjerovali, kako je Sputnik dokaz
01:49
that our enemy had beaten us
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da nas je naš neprijatelj pobijedio
01:51
in science and technology,
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u znanosti i tehnologiji,
01:54
and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,
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i da bi nas sada mogli napasti s hidrogenskim bombama,
01:57
using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
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koristeći svoju Sputnik raketu kao IBM projektil.
02:01
All hell broke loose.
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Vrag kao da je pušten na slobodu.
02:03
Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --
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Sputnik je ubrzo postao jedan od tri velika šoka koji su pogodili Ameriku --
02:07
historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
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povijesničari kažu kako je jednak Pearl Harbour-u ili 9/11.
02:11
It provoked the missile gap.
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Izazvao je jaz u naoružanju.
02:14
It exploded an arms race.
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Utrka oružjem je eksplodirala.
02:17
It began the space race.
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Započeo je svemirsku utrku.
02:20
Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,
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Unutar godine dana, Kongres je financirao velika povećanja izdataka za oružje,
02:23
and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons
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i prešli smo s 1.200 nuklearnih glava
02:26
to 20,000.
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na 20.000.
02:28
And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
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I reakcije na Sputnik su krenule izvan samog povećanja naoružanja.
02:31
For example, some here will remember
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Na primjer, neki ovdje će se sjetiti
02:34
this day, June 1958,
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ovog dana, lipanj 1958.,
02:36
the National Civil Defense Drill,
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"Vježba Nacionalne građanske obrane,"
02:38
where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.
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gdje su deseci milijuna osoba u 78 gradova otišli u podzemlje.
02:42
Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans
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Ili Gallup-ovo istraživanje koje je pokazalo kako je sedam od 10 Amerikanaca
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believed that a nuclear war would happen,
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vjerovalo da nuklearni rat može izbiti,
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and that at least 50 percent of our population
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i da će barem 50 posto naše populacije
02:50
was going to be killed.
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biti ubijeno.
02:52
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.
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Ali Sputnik je, isto tako, izazvao sjajne promjene.
02:56
For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship
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Na primjer, neki u ovoj sobi su krenuli u školu uz školarinu
02:58
because of Sputnik.
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koju je pružio Sputnik.
03:00
Support for engineering, math and science --
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Podrška za inžinjerstvo, matematiku i znanost --
03:03
education in general -- boomed.
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obrazovanje općenito -- cvala je.
03:06
And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik
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A Vint Cerf ističe kako je Sputnik
03:08
led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,
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vodio direktno ka ARPA-i, i internetu,
03:10
and, of course, NASA.
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i, naravno, NASA-i.
03:13
My feature documentary shows how a free society
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Moj dugometražni dokumentarac pokazuje kako slobodno društvo
03:16
can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.
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može biti pregaženo od strane onih koji znaju kako koristiti medije.
03:19
But it also shows how we can turn
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Ali isto tako pokazuje kako možemo preokrenuti
03:21
what appears at first to be a bad situation,
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ono što, na prvi pogled, izgleda kao loša situacija,
03:24
into something that was overall very good for America.
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u nešto što u globalu može biti jako dobro za Ameriku.
03:28
"Sputnik" will soon be released.
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"Sputnik" će ubrzo izaći.
03:31
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank
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Završavajući, volio bih odvojiti trenutak da zahvalim
03:33
one of my investors:
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jednom od mojih investitora:
03:35
longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.
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starom TED-ovcu, Jay Walker-u.
03:37
And I'd like to thank you all.
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I želio bih zahvaliti svima vama.
03:39
(Applause).
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(Pljesak).
03:43
Thank you, Chris.
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Hvala ti, Chris.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Hoffman - FilmmakerIn David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik.
Why you should listen
Documentary filmmaker David Hoffman has been capturing reality for almost 4 decades, following his wide-ranging interests and turning them into films for PBS, The Discovery Channel, A&E, National Geographic. Highlights from his career include the groundbreaking experimental doc King, Murray, which blurred boundaries between truth and fiction as it tracks its subject through a debauched weekend in Las Vegas; A Day With Filmmaker Timmy Page, about a 12-year-old auteur; and his series of films on American indigenous music.
Lately, he has become fascinated with the Atomic-era Space Race, turning out a feature-length documentary about the Sputnik era. Sputnik Mania was scored by Thomas Dolby and has played at festivals and theaters around the country.
Hoffman suffered a devastating setback in early 2008 when, nine days before TED2008, his home, containing a vast archive from his long and fascinating career, burnt to the ground. His next project: to reframe his life and rebuild.
David Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com