TED2007
David Hoffman: Sputnik mania
David Hofman in njegova Sputnik manija
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Filmar David Hoffman nam pokaže izseke iz njegovega dokumentarnega filma "Sputnik Mania", v katerem vidimo, kako je izstrelitev sovjetskega Sputnika leta 1957 pripeljala do vesoljske in oboroževalne tekme, s tem pa dala zagon poučevanju znanosti in matematike po vsem svetu.
David Hoffman - Filmmaker
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:21
Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,
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Pred pedesetimi leti v Sovjetski zvezi
00:24
a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object
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je skupina inžinirjev v strogi tajnosti premikala velik objekt
00:27
through a desolate countryside.
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skozi neobljudeno pokrajino.
00:30
With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere
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S tem objekotom so želeli pokazati celemu človeštvu
00:33
by being the first to conquer outer space.
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da so zmožni prvi osvojiti vesolje.
00:36
The rocket was huge.
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Raketa je bila gromozanska.
00:38
And packed in its nose was a silver ball
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In v nosu rakete je bila srebrna žoga
00:40
with two radios inside.
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z dvema radijskima oddajnikoma.
00:44
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.
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4. oktobra 1957 so izstrelili raketo.
00:47
One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:
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Eden izmed Ruskih znanstvenikov je zapisal:
00:50
"We are about to create a new planet
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"Ustvarili bomo nov planet
00:52
that we will call Sputnik.
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z imenom Sputnik.
00:55
In the olden days, explorers
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V stari časih so raziskovalci,
00:57
like Vasco da Gama and Columbus
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kot naprimer Vasco da Gamma in Kolumb,
01:00
had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.
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imeli priložnost razširiti meje zemlje,
01:04
Now we have the good fortune to open up space.
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zdaj imamo priložnost razširiti meje vesolja.
01:07
And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
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V prihodnosti nam bodo zavidali, kako srečni smo bili."
01:12
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,
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Gledate izseke iz mojega petega dokumentarnega filma "Sputnik"
01:16
which is just about completed.
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ki bo kmalu končan.
01:19
It tells the story of Sputnik,
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Govori zgodbo o Sputniku
01:21
and the story of what happened to America as a result.
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in kaj se je kot rezultat tega zgodilo v Ameriki.
01:24
For days after the launch,
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Dneve po izstrelitvi
01:26
Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.
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so vsi občudovali Sputnika.
01:29
A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,
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Luna, ki jo je izdelal človek in jo je videl vsak navaden človek,
01:33
it inspired awe and pride
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je navdihnil s ponosom in bojaznijo,
01:36
that humans had finally launched an object into space.
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da je človek končno izstrelil objekt v vseolje.
01:41
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,
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Ampak samo tri dni za tem, na "Rdeči ponedeljek",
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the media and the politicians told us,
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so nam mediji in politiki razlagali,
01:47
and we believed, that Sputnik was proof
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in mi smo verjeli, da je Sputnik dokaz
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that our enemy had beaten us
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da so nas naši sovražniki premagali
01:51
in science and technology,
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v znanosti in tehnologiji
01:54
and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,
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in da nas sedaj lahko napadejo z vodikovo bombo
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using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
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vstavljeno v Sputnik raketo.
02:01
All hell broke loose.
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In vrata v pekel so se odprla.
02:03
Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --
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Sputnik je hitro postal ena izmed treh velikih šokov, ki so zadeli Ameriko -
02:07
historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
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zgodovinarji ga enačijo z napadom na Pearl Harbor ali 11. Septembrom.
02:11
It provoked the missile gap.
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To je izzvalo raketno vrzel.
02:14
It exploded an arms race.
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Začela se je vojaška tekma.
02:17
It began the space race.
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In začela se je vesoljska tekma.
02:20
Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,
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V roku enega leta je kongres povišal vojaški proračun
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and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons
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in prišli smo iz 1200 jedrskih konic
02:26
to 20,000.
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do 20.000.
02:28
And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
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In reakcije na izstrelitev Sputnika so bile mnogo širše.
02:31
For example, some here will remember
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Na primer, nekateri od vas se bodo še spomnili
02:34
this day, June 1958,
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tega dne, junija 1958,
02:36
the National Civil Defense Drill,
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nacionalna vaja civilne zaščite,
02:38
where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.
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ko je desetine milijonov ljudi v 78 mestih odšlo v zaklonišča.
02:42
Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans
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Ali Gallup anketo, ki je pokazala, da sedem od 10. Američanov
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believed that a nuclear war would happen,
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verjame, da je jedrska vojna resnična nevarnost
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and that at least 50 percent of our population
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in da bo vsaj 50 odstotkov naše populacije
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was going to be killed.
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pobite.
02:52
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.
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Kljub temu je Sputnik spodbudil tudi prečudovite izzive.
02:56
For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship
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Na primer, nekateri med vami ste odšli v šolo in dobili štipendijo
02:58
because of Sputnik.
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zaradi Sputnika.
03:00
Support for engineering, math and science --
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Podpora za inžinirstvo, matematiko in znanost -
03:03
education in general -- boomed.
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izobraževanje v splošnem - je zelo narasla.
03:06
And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik
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Vint Cerf je poudaril, da je Sputnik
03:08
led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,
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pripeljal direktno do ARPA, ki je pripeljal do interneta,
03:10
and, of course, NASA.
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in seveda, nastanka agencije NASA.
03:13
My feature documentary shows how a free society
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Moj dokumentarni film prikazuje, kako je lahko svobodna družba
03:16
can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.
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zasužnjena s strani ljudi, ki znajo uporabljati medije.
03:19
But it also shows how we can turn
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Vendar pokaže tudi, kako lahko obrnemo situacijo,
03:21
what appears at first to be a bad situation,
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ki se sprva zdi slaba,
03:24
into something that was overall very good for America.
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v nekaj, kar je v splošnem dobro za Ameriko.
03:28
"Sputnik" will soon be released.
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"Sputnik" bo kmalu izšel.
03:31
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank
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Na koncu bi se rad zahvlail
03:33
one of my investors:
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enemu od mojih investitorjev:
03:35
longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.
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dolgoletnemu TEDsterju, Jay Walkerju.
03:37
And I'd like to thank you all.
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In hvala tudi vam.
03:39
(Applause).
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(aplavz).
03:43
Thank you, Chris.
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Hvala, Chris.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Hoffman - FilmmakerIn David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik.
Why you should listen
Documentary filmmaker David Hoffman has been capturing reality for almost 4 decades, following his wide-ranging interests and turning them into films for PBS, The Discovery Channel, A&E, National Geographic. Highlights from his career include the groundbreaking experimental doc King, Murray, which blurred boundaries between truth and fiction as it tracks its subject through a debauched weekend in Las Vegas; A Day With Filmmaker Timmy Page, about a 12-year-old auteur; and his series of films on American indigenous music.
Lately, he has become fascinated with the Atomic-era Space Race, turning out a feature-length documentary about the Sputnik era. Sputnik Mania was scored by Thomas Dolby and has played at festivals and theaters around the country.
Hoffman suffered a devastating setback in early 2008 when, nine days before TED2008, his home, containing a vast archive from his long and fascinating career, burnt to the ground. His next project: to reframe his life and rebuild.
David Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com