ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Allan Adams - Theoretical physicist
Allan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory.

Why you should listen

Allan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory. His research in theoretical physics focuses on string theory both as a model of quantum gravity and as a strong-coupling description of non-gravitational systems.

Like water, string theory enjoys many distinct phases in which the low-energy phenomena take qualitatively different forms. In its most familiar phases, string theory reduces to a perturbative theory of quantum gravity. These phases are useful for studying, for example, the resolution of singularities in classical gravity, or the set of possibilities for the geometry and fields of spacetime. Along these lines, Adams is particularly interested in microscopic quantization of flux vacua, and in the search for constraints on low-energy physics derived from consistency of the stringy UV completion.

In other phases, when the gravitational interactions become strong and a smooth spacetime geometry ceases to be a good approximation, a more convenient description of string theory may be given in terms of a weakly-coupled non-gravitational quantum field theory. Remarkably, these two descriptions—with and without gravity—appear to be completely equivalent, with one remaining weakly-coupled when its dual is strongly interacting. This equivalence, known as gauge-gravity duality, allows us to study strongly-coupled string and quantum field theories by studying perturbative features of their weakly-coupled duals. Gauge-gravity duals have already led to interesting predictions for the quark-gluon plasma studied at RHIC. A major focus of Adams's present research is to use such dualities to find weakly-coupled descriptions of strongly-interacting condensed matter systems which can be realized in the lab.
More profile about the speaker
Allan Adams | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Allan Adams: What the discovery of gravitational waves means

Allan Adams: Što znači otkriće gravitacijskih valova?

Filmed:
2,709,056 views

Prije više od milijardu godina dvije crne rupe u dalekoj galaksiji zaplele su se i nezaustavljivo približavale dok se nisu sudarile. " Sva ta energija bila je izbačena u spoj vremena i prostora", kaže teoretski fizičar Allan Adams, "čineći eksplozije uzburkanih gravitacijskih valova u svemiru." Prije otprilike 25 godina grupa znanstvenika napravila je ogroman laserski detektor nazvan LIGO u potrazi za takvim tipom valova za koje se pretpostavljalo da postoje, ali nisu nikad uočeni. U nadahnjujućem govoru Adams objašnjava što se dogodilo u rujnu 2015. kada je LIGO detektirao nevjerojatno malu anomaliju koja je dovela do jednog od najuzbudljivijih otkrića u povijesti fizike.
- Theoretical physicist
Allan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
1.3 billionmilijardi yearsgodina agoprije,
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Prije 1,3 milijardu godina,
00:16
in a distantudaljen, distantudaljen galaxygalaksija,
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u dalekoj, dalekoj galaksiji,
00:19
two blackcrno holesrupe lockedzaključan into a spiralspirala,
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dvije crne rupe zaplele su se u spiralu,
00:22
fallingkoji pada inexorablyneumoljivo towardsza eachsvaki other
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nezaustavljivo se približavajući
00:25
and collidedsudario,
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dok se nisu sudarile,
00:26
convertingpretvaranje threetri Suns'Sunca' worthvrijedan of stuffstvari
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pretvarajući tvar mase triju sunca
00:29
into purečist energyenergija in a tenthdeseti of a seconddrugi.
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u čistu energiju u desetinki sekunde.
00:33
For that briefkratak momenttrenutak in time,
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U tom kratkom trenutku u vremenu,
00:36
the glowsjaj was brightersvjetlije than all the starszvijezde
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sjaj je bio jači od svih zvijezda
00:39
in all the galaxiesgalaksije
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u svim galaksijama
00:41
in all of the knownznan UniverseSvemir.
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u cijelom svemiru koji poznajemo.
00:44
It was a very
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To je bio vrlo
00:46
bigvelika
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velik
00:47
bangprasak.
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prasak.
00:50
But they didn't releasepuštanje
theirnjihov energyenergija in lightsvjetlo.
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Ali one nisu oslobodile svoju energiju
u svjetlost.
00:53
I mean, you know, they're blackcrno holesrupe.
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Znate, ipak su to crne rupe.
00:57
All that energyenergija was pumpedpumpa
into the fabrictkanina of spaceprostor and time itselfsebe,
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Sva ta energija izbačena je
u spoj prostora i vremena,
01:02
makingizrađivanje the UniverseSvemir explodeeksplodirati
in gravitationalgravitacijsko wavesvalovi.
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uzrokujući eksplozije svemira u
obliku gravitacijskih valova.
01:05
Let me give you a senseosjećaj
of the timescaleVremenska skala at work here.
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Dopustite mi da vam približim
vremenski raspon ovoga.
01:09
1.3 billionmilijardi yearsgodina agoprije,
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Prije 1,3 milijarde godina,
01:11
EarthZemlja had just managedupravlja to evolverazviti
multicellularvišestanični life.
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Zemlja je tek uspjela razviti
višestanični život.
01:16
SinceOd then, EarthZemlja has madenapravljen and evolvedrazvio
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Od tada, Zemlja je stvorila i razvila
01:19
coralskoralji, fishriba, plantsbilje, dinosaursdinosauri, people
and even -- God saveuštedjeti us -- the InternetInternet.
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koralje, ribe, biljke, dinosaure, ljude
i čak -- Bože pomozi -- Internet.
01:26
And about 25 yearsgodina agoprije,
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I prije otprilike 25 godina,
01:28
a particularlynaročito audaciousSuludo hrabar setset of people --
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vrlo pametna grupa ljudi --
01:30
RaiRai WeissWeiss at MITMIT, KipKip ThorneThorne
and RonaldRonald DreverDrever at CaltechCaltech --
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Rai Weiss s MIT-a, Kip Thorne i
Ronald Drever sa Caltecha --
01:36
decidedodlučio that it would be really neaturedan
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odlučili su da bi baš bilo dobro
01:37
to buildizgraditi a giantgigantski laserlaser detectordetektor
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sagraditi divovski laserski detektor
01:40
with whichkoji to searchtraži
for the gravitationalgravitacijsko wavesvalovi
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s kojim bi mogli tražiti
gravitacijske valove
01:43
from things like collidingsudaraju blackcrno holesrupe.
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iz stvari poput
sudarajućih crnih rupa.
01:46
Now, mostnajviše people thought they were nutsorašasto voće.
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Većina ljudi je mislila da su luđaci.
01:49
But enoughdovoljno people realizedshvatio
that they were brilliantsjajan nutsorašasto voće
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Međutim, dovoljan broj ljudi je
shvatio da su oni briljantni luđaci
01:53
that the US NationalNacionalne ScienceZnanost FoundationZaklada
decidedodlučio to fundfond theirnjihov crazylud ideaideja.
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pa je Nacionalna zaklada SAD-a za znanost
odlučila financirati njihovu ludu ideju.
01:58
So after decadesdesetljeća of developmentrazvoj,
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Nakon desetljeća razvoja,
02:01
constructionizgradnja and imaginationmašta
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izgradnje i mašte
02:04
and a breathtakinguzbudljiv amountiznos of hardteško work,
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i nevjerojatne količine teškog rada,
02:08
they builtizgrađen theirnjihov detectordetektor, calledzvao LIGOLIGO:
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oni su sagradili detektor, nazvan LIGO:
02:11
The LaserLaserski InterferometerInterferometar
Gravitational-WaveGravitacijski val ObservatoryOpservatorij.
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Lasersko-interferometrijski opservatorij
za gravitacijske valove.
02:16
For the last severalnekoliko yearsgodina,
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Tijekom zadnjih par godina,
02:17
LIGO'sLIGO je been undergoingprolazi kroz
a hugeogroman expansionekspanzija in its accuracytočnost,
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LIGO je doživio velike pomake
u svojoj preciznosti,
02:21
a tremendousogroman improvementpoboljšanje
in its detectionotkrivanje abilitysposobnost.
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ogroman napredak u
sposobnosti detekcije.
02:24
It's now calledzvao AdvancedNapredno LIGOLIGO as a resultproizlaziti.
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Kao rezultat, sada se zove Napredni LIGO.
02:28
In earlyrano SeptemberRujna of 2015,
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U rujnu 2015.
02:31
LIGOLIGO turnedokrenut on for a finalkonačni testtest runtrčanje
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LIGO je uključen za konačni test
02:33
while they sortedsortirano out
a fewnekoliko lingeringdugotrajan detailsdetalji.
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dok se ne riješe par preostalih detalja.
02:37
And on SeptemberRujna 14 of 2015,
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I 14. rujna 2015.,
02:42
just daysdana after the detectordetektor
had goneotišao liveživjeti,
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samo nekoliko dana nakon što je detektor
uključen,
02:46
the gravitationalgravitacijsko wavesvalovi
from those collidingsudaraju blackcrno holesrupe
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gravitacijski valovi
iz tih sudarajućih crnih rupa
02:50
passedprošao throughkroz the EarthZemlja.
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prošli su kroz Zemlju.
02:52
And they passedprošao throughkroz you and me.
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Prošli su kroz vas i mene.
02:55
And they passedprošao throughkroz the detectordetektor.
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Prošli su kroz detektor.
02:59
(AudioAudio) ScottScott HughesHughes:
There's two momentstrenutke in my life
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(Audio) Scott Hughes:
U mom životu bila su dva trenutka
03:01
more emotionallyemotivno intenseintenzivan than that.
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emocionalno intezivnija od ovog.
03:03
One is the birthrođenja of my daughterkći.
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Jedan je rođenje moje kćerke.
03:04
The other is when I had to say goodbyeZbogom
to my fatherotac when he was terminallyterminalno illbolestan.
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Drugi je kada sam morao reći zbogom
mom ocu koji je bio teško bolestan.
03:10
You know, it was the payoffisplatiti
of my careerkarijera, basicallyu osnovi.
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Znate, to je praktički isplata
moje karijere.
03:14
Everything I'd been workingrad on --
it's no longerviše scienceznanost fictionfikcija! (LaughsSmijeh)
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Sve što sam radio više nije znanstvena
fantastika! (Smijeh)
03:21
AllanAllan AdamsAdams: So that's my very good friendprijatelj
and collaboratorsuradnik, ScottScott HughesHughes,
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Allan Adams: To je bio moj vrlo dobar
prijatelj i suradnik, Scott Hughes,
03:25
a theoreticalteorijski physicistfizičar at MITMIT,
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teoretski fizičar s MIT-a
03:27
who has been studyingučenje
gravitationalgravitacijsko wavesvalovi from blackcrno holesrupe
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koji proučava gravitacijske valove
iz crnih rupa
03:30
and the signalssignali that they could impartpriopćavanje
on observatoriesopservatorija like LIGOLIGO,
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i signale koje daju na
opservatorijima poput LIGO-a
03:34
for the pastprošlost 23 yearsgodina.
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posljednje 23 godine.
03:36
So let me take a momenttrenutak to tell you
what I mean by a gravitationalgravitacijsko waveval.
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Dajte mi trenutak da vam objasnim
što je gravitacijski val.
03:41
A gravitationalgravitacijsko waveval is a ripplemreškanje
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Gravitacijski val je nabor
03:44
in the shapeoblik of spaceprostor and time.
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u prostorno-vremenskom obliku.
03:47
As the waveval passesprolazi by,
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Kako val prolazi,
03:49
it stretchesproteže se spaceprostor and everything in it
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rasteže prostor i sve u njemu
03:51
in one directionsmjer,
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u jednom smjeru,
03:53
and compressesobloge it in the other.
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a zbija u drugom.
03:55
This has led to countlessnebrojen instructorsinstruktori
of generalgeneral relativityrelativitet
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To je dovelo do toga da mnogi predavači
opće teorije relativnosti
03:58
doing a really sillyglup danceples to demonstratepokazati
in theirnjihov classesklase on generalgeneral relativityrelativitet.
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izvode smiješan ples kako bi svom razredu
dočarali opću relativnost.
04:02
"It stretchesproteže se and expandsProširuje,
it stretchesproteže se and expandsProširuje."
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"Rasteže se i širi, rasteže i širi."
04:08
So the troublenevolja with gravitationalgravitacijsko wavesvalovi
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Problem s gravitacijskim valovima
04:10
is that they're very weakslab;
they're preposterouslypreposterously weakslab.
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jest da su vrlo slabi, apsurdno slabi.
04:13
For exampleprimjer, the wavesvalovi that hithit us
on SeptemberRujna 14 --
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Na primjer, valovi koji su nas pogodili
14. rujna --
04:16
and yes, everysvaki singlesingl one of you
stretchedrastegnut and compressedstisnut
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i da, svaki od vas se rastegnuo i sažeo
04:21
underpod the actionakcijski of that waveval --
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uslijed djelovanja tih valova --
04:23
when the wavesvalovi hithit, they stretchedrastegnut
the averageprosječan personosoba
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kada su valovi prošli, rastegli su
prosječnu osobu
04:26
by one partdio in 10 to the 21.
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deset na minus dvadeset i prvu.
04:29
That's a decimaldecimal placemjesto, 20 zeroesnula,
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To je 20 nula iza decimalne točke
04:32
and a one.
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i onda 1.
04:35
That's why everyonesvatko thought
the LIGOLIGO people were nutsorašasto voće.
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Zato su svi mislili da su ljudi iz
LIGO-a luđaci.
04:39
Even with a laserlaser detectordetektor fivepet kilometerskilometara
long -- and that's alreadyveć crazylud --
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Čak i s laserskim detektorom dugim pet
kilometra -- a to je već ludo --
04:45
they would have to measuremjera
the lengthdužina of those detectorsdetektori
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trebali bi izmjeriti duljinu tih detektora
04:49
to lessmanje than one thousandthtisućiti
of the radiusradijus of the nucleusjezgra
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na manje od tisućitog dijela promjera
jezgre
04:53
of an atomatom.
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atoma.
04:54
And that's preposterousbesmislen.
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A to je apsurdno.
04:56
So towardsza the endkraj
of his classicklasik texttekst on gravitygravitacija,
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Na kraju svog klasičnog
teksta o gravitaciji,
05:00
LIGOLIGO co-foundersuosnivač KipKip ThorneThorne
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LIGO suosnivač Kip Thorne
05:04
describedopisan the huntlov
for gravitationalgravitacijsko wavesvalovi as followsslijedi:
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opisao je potragu za gravitacijskim
valovima na sljedeći način:
05:07
He said, "The technicaltehnička difficultiespoteškoće
to be surmountediznad
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Rekao je, "Tehničke poteškoće
koje treba nadvladati
05:10
in constructinggradnju suchtakav detectorsdetektori
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u izgradnji takvih detektora
05:13
are enormousogroman.
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su ogromne.
05:15
But physicistsfizičari are ingeniousgenijalan,
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Ali, fizičari su genijalni,
05:18
and with the supportpodrška
of a broadširok laypoložiti publicjavnost,
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i uz potporu šire javnosti,
05:21
all obstaclesprepreke will surelysigurno be overcomesavladati."
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sve prepreke ćemo sigurno predvladati."
05:26
ThorneThorne publishedObjavljeno that in 1973,
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Thorne je to objavio 1973.,
05:29
42 yearsgodina before he succeededuspjelo.
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42 godine prije nego je uspio.
05:35
Now, comingdolazak back to LIGOLIGO,
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Sada, vratimo se na LIGO,
05:36
ScottScott likessviđa to say that LIGOLIGO
actsdjela like an earuho
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Scott voli reći kako LIGO
više radi kao uho
05:39
more than it does like an eyeoko.
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nego kao oko.
05:41
I want to explainobjasniti what that meanssredstva.
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Želio bih objasniti što to znači.
05:43
VisibleVidljive lightsvjetlo has a wavelengthvalna duljina, a sizeveličina,
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Vidljivo svjetlo ima valne duljine,
veličinu
05:46
that's much smallermanji
than the things around you,
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koja je mnogo manja od stvari oko vas,
05:48
the featuresznačajke on people'snarodno faceslica,
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poput obilježja na nečijem licu,
05:50
the sizeveličina of your cellćelija phonetelefon.
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veličine vašeg mobitela.
05:53
And that's really usefulkoristan,
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I to je vrlo korisno
05:54
because it letsomogućuje you make an imageslika
or a mapkarta of the things around you,
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jer omogućuje stvaranje slike
ili mapiranje stvari oko vas,
05:58
by looking at the lightsvjetlo
comingdolazak from differentdrugačiji spotsmjesta
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gledajući svjetlo koje dolazi
iz različitih točaka
06:00
in the scenescena about you.
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u mjesto oko vas.
06:01
SoundZvuk is differentdrugačiji.
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Zvuk je drugačiji.
06:04
AudibleAkustički soundzvuk has a wavelengthvalna duljina
that can be up to 50 feetnoge long.
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Čujni zvuk ima valnu duljinu koja može
biti dugačka do 15 metara.
06:07
And that makesmarke it really difficulttežak --
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I to otežava stvari --
06:09
in factčinjenica, in practicalpraktičan purposessvrhe,
impossiblenemoguće -- to make an imageslika
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zapravo, u praktičnom smislu,
nemoguće je -- napraviti sliku
06:12
of something you really carebriga about.
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nečega do čega ti je stalo.
06:14
Your child'sdjeteta facelice.
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Lice vašeg djeteta.
06:16
InsteadUmjesto toga, we use soundzvuk
to listen for featuresznačajke like pitchnagib
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Umjesto toga, koristimo zvuk da slušamo
svojstva poput visine
06:20
and toneton and rhythmritam and volumevolumen
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i tona i ritma i volumena
06:24
to inferzaključiti a storypriča behindiza the soundszvukovi.
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kako bi izveli zaključak o zvucima.
06:28
That's AliceAlice talkingkoji govori.
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To priča Alice.
06:29
That's BobBob interruptingprekidajući.
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To Bob prekida.
06:31
SillyGlup BobBob.
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Šašavi Bob.
06:33
So, the sameisti is truepravi
of gravitationalgravitacijsko wavesvalovi.
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Isto vrijedi i za gravitacijske valove.
06:37
We can't use them to make simplejednostavan imagesslika
of things out in the UniverseSvemir.
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Ne možemo ih koristiti za stvaranje
jednostavnih slika stvari iz svemira.
06:42
But by listeningslušanje to changespromjene
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Ali, slušajući promjene
06:44
in the amplitudeamplituda and frequencyfrekvencija
of those wavesvalovi,
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u amplitudi i frekvenciji tih valova,
06:47
we can hearčuti the storypriča
that those wavesvalovi are tellingreći.
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možemo čuti priču koju
ti valovi pričaju.
06:52
And at leastnajmanje for LIGOLIGO,
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Što se tiče LIGO-a,
06:53
the frequenciesfrekvencije that it can hearčuti
are in the audiozvučni bandbend.
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on može čuti frekvencije
u audio području.
06:58
So if we convertPretvoriti the waveval patternsobrasci
into pressurepritisak wavesvalovi and airzrak, into soundzvuk,
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Ako pretvorimo valne obrasce
u tlačne valove i zrak, u zvuk,
07:03
we can literallydoslovce hearčuti
the UniverseSvemir speakinggovor to us.
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doslovno možemo
čuti kako nam svemir priča.
07:07
For exampleprimjer, listeningslušanje to gravitygravitacija,
just in this way,
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Na primjer, slušajući gravitaciju,
na ovaj način,
07:11
can tell us a lot about the collisionsudar
of two blackcrno holesrupe,
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možemo saznati mnogo o sudaru
dviju crnih rupa,
07:13
something my colleaguekolega ScottScott has spentpotrošen
an awfulgrozan lot of time thinkingmišljenje about.
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nešto na čemu je moj kolega Scott proveo
jako puno vremena razmišljajući.
07:17
(AudioAudio) SHHRVATSKE IMENICE: If the two blackcrno holesrupe
are non-spinningNe vrti,
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(Audio) SH: Ako se dvije crne rupe
ne okreću,
07:20
you get a very simplejednostavan chirpChirp: whooppoklič!
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dobijete vrlo jednostavan cvrkut: vuup!
07:22
If the two bodiestjelesa are spinningpredenje
very rapidlybrzo, I have that sameisti chirpChirp,
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Ako se dva tijela brzo okreću,
imamo isti cvrkut,
07:26
but with a modulationmodulacija on topvrh of it,
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ali s modulacijom na vrhu
07:27
so it kindljubazan of goeside: whirzujanje, whirzujanje, whirzujanje!
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i otprilike zvuči: vr, vr, vr!
07:30
It's sortvrsta of the vocabularyrječnik of spinzavrtiti
imprintedutisnuo on this waveformvalnog oblika.
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To je rječnik vrtloga zapisan
na ovom valnom obliku.
07:35
AAAA: So on SeptemberRujna 14, 2015,
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AA: I tako 14. rujna 2015.,
07:38
a datedatum that's definitelydefinitivno
going to liveživjeti in my memorymemorija,
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datum koji će zasigurno ostati
u mom pamćenju,
07:41
LIGOLIGO heardčuo this:
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LIGO je čuo ovo:
07:43
[WhirringZuje soundzvuk]
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[Piskavi zvuk]
07:46
So if you know how to listen,
that is the soundzvuk of --
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Ako znate kako slušati, tada je to zvuk --
07:51
(AudioAudio) SHHRVATSKE IMENICE: ... two blackcrno holesrupe,
eachsvaki of about 30 solarsolarni massesmase,
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(Audio) SH: ...dviju crnih rupa,
svaka otprilike 30 masa sunaca,
07:54
that were whirlingVrtloženje around at a ratestopa
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koje su se vitlale brzinom
07:56
comparableusporedivo to what goeside on
in your blendermiješalica.
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usporedivom s onom u miješalici.
07:59
AAAA: It's worthvrijedan pausingPauziranje here
to think about what that meanssredstva.
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AA: Vrijedi se zaustaviti ovdje
kako bi razmislili što to znači.
08:02
Two blackcrno holesrupe, the densestnajgušća thing
in the UniverseSvemir,
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Dvije crne rupe, najgušća tvar u Svemiru,
08:05
one with a massmasa of 29 SunsSunca
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jedna mase 29 sunaca
08:07
and one with a massmasa of 36 SunsSunca,
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i druga mase 36 sunaca,
08:10
whirlingVrtloženje around eachsvaki other
100 timesputa perpo seconddrugi
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vrtjele su se jedna oko druge
100 puta u sekundi
08:13
before they collidesudariti se.
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prije nego li su se sudarile.
08:14
Just imaginezamisliti the powervlast of that.
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Samo zamislite tu snagu.
08:16
It's fantasticfantastičan.
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To je fantastično.
08:19
And we know it because we heardčuo it.
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I mi to znamo zato što smo to čuli.
08:23
That's the lastingtrajanju importancevažnost of LIGOLIGO.
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To je trajna važnost LIGO-a.
08:27
It's an entirelypotpuno newnovi way
to observepromatrati the UniverseSvemir
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To je jedan skroz novi način
promatranja svemira
08:30
that we'veimamo never had before.
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koji nikad prije nismo imali.
08:32
It's a way that letsomogućuje us hearčuti the UniverseSvemir
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To je način na koji čujemo svemir
08:35
and hearčuti the invisiblenevidljiv.
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i čujemo nevidljivo.
08:39
And there's a lot out there
that we can't see --
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A tamo je mnogo toga
što ne možemo vidjeti --
08:42
in practicepraksa or even in principlenačelo.
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u praksi ili načelu.
08:44
So supernovasupernova, for exampleprimjer:
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Supernova, na primjer:
08:46
I would love to know why very massivemasivan
starszvijezde explodeeksplodirati in supernovaesupernove.
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volio bih znati kako vrlo masivne
zvijezde eksplodiraju u supernove.
08:50
They're very usefulkoristan;
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Vrlo su korisne;
08:51
we'veimamo learnednaučeno a lot
about the UniverseSvemir from them.
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naučili smo puno o svemiru preko njih.
08:54
The problemproblem is, all the interestingzanimljiv
physicsfizika happensdogađa se in the coresrž,
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Problem je što se sva zanimljiva fizika
događa u jezgri,
08:57
and the coresrž is hiddenskriven behindiza
thousandstisuća of kilometerskilometara
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a ona je skrivena pod tisućama kilometara
08:59
of ironželjezo and carbonugljen and siliconsilicij.
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željeza, ugljika i silicija.
09:01
We'llMi ćemo never see throughkroz it,
it's opaqueneproziran to lightsvjetlo.
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Ne vidimo kroz njih, oni su
neprozirni za svjetlo.
09:04
GravitationalGravitacijske wavesvalovi go throughkroz ironželjezo
as if it were glassstaklo --
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Gravitacijski valovi prolaze kroz željezo
kao da su staklo --
09:08
totallypotpuno transparenttransparentan.
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u potpunosti prozirni.
09:10
The BigVeliki BangPrasak: I would love
to be ableu stanju to exploreistražiti
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Veliki prasak: volio bih istražiti
09:12
the first fewnekoliko momentstrenutke of the UniverseSvemir,
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prve trenutke svemira,
09:15
but we'lldobro never see them,
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ali nikada ih nećemo vidjeti,
09:17
because the BigVeliki BangPrasak itselfsebe
is obscuredzasjenjena by its ownvlastiti afterglowperzistencija.
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zato što je sam Veliki prasak
zasjenjen vlastitim posljedičnim sjajem.
09:22
With gravitationalgravitacijsko wavesvalovi,
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Pomoću gravitacijskih valova,
09:24
we should be ableu stanju to see
all the way back to the beginningpočetak.
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trebali bismo moći vidjeti sve do samog
početka.
09:28
PerhapsMožda mostnajviše importantlyvažnije,
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Možda najvažnije,
09:30
I'm positivepozitivan that there
are things out there
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siguran sam da su tamo stvari
09:33
that we'veimamo never seenvidio
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koje još nikada nismo vidjeli
09:34
that we maysvibanj never be ableu stanju to see
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i koje možda nikada nećemo
moći vidjeti
09:36
and that we haven'tnisu even imaginedzamislio --
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i koje čak ne možemo niti zamislili --
09:39
things that we'lldobro only
discoverotkriti by listeningslušanje.
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stvari koje jedino možemo
otkriti slušanjem.
09:43
And in factčinjenica, even
in that very first eventdogađaj,
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I zapravo, čak i prilikom
tog prvog događaja,
09:45
LIGOLIGO foundpronađeno things that we didn't expectočekivati.
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LIGO je našao stvari koje nismo očekivali.
09:49
Here'sOvdje je my colleaguekolega and one of the keyključ
membersčlanovi of the LIGOLIGO collaborationkolaboracija,
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Ovdje je moj kolega i jedan od ključnih
LIGO suradnika,
09:53
MattMatt EvansEvans, my colleaguekolega at MITMIT,
addressingObraćajući se exactlytočno that:
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Matt Evans, moj kolega s MIT-a,
spominjajući upravo to:
09:56
(AudioAudio) MattMatt EvansEvans: The kindsvrste of starszvijezde
whichkoji produceproizvoditi the blackcrno holesrupe
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(Audio) Matt Evans: Tip zvijezda
koje stvaraju crne rupe
09:59
that we observedpromatranom here
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uočene ovdje
10:01
are the dinosaursdinosauri of the UniverseSvemir.
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su svemirski dinosauri.
10:03
They're these massivemasivan things
that are oldstar, from prehistoricPrapovijesne timesputa,
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To su masivni objekti koji su stari,
iz prahistorijskog doba,
10:06
and the blackcrno holesrupe are kindljubazan of like
the dinosaurdinosaur boneskosti
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a crne rupe su poput
kosti dinosaura
10:09
with whichkoji we do this archeologyArheologija.
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s kojima radimo ovu arheologiju.
10:11
So it letsomogućuje us really get
a wholečitav nothernother anglekut
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Dakle, pogledajmo to iz
sasvim novog kuta
10:13
on what's out there in the UniverseSvemir
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što sve postoji u svemiru
10:15
and how the starszvijezde camedošao to be,
and in the endkraj, of coursenaravno,
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i kako su zvijezda postale,
i na kraju, naravno,
10:18
how we camedošao to be out of this wholečitav messnered.
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kako smo mi nastali iz tog cijelog nereda.
10:22
AAAA: Our challengeizazov now
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AA: Naš izazov sada
10:23
is to be as audaciousSuludo hrabar as possiblemoguće.
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jest da budemo što više smioni.
10:27
ThanksHvala to LIGOLIGO, we know how
to buildizgraditi exquisiteFin detectorsdetektori
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Zahvaljujući LIGU, sada možemo
sagraditi izvrsne detektore
10:30
that can listen to the UniverseSvemir,
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koji mogu slušati svemir,
10:32
to the rustlešuškanje and the chirpChirp of the cosmoskosmos.
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šuštanje i piskutanje kozmosa.
10:35
Our jobposao is to dreamsan up and buildizgraditi
newnovi observatoriesopservatorija --
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Naš je posao da izmislimo i sagradimo
nove opservatorije --
10:39
a wholečitav newnovi generationgeneracija of observatoriesopservatorija --
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cijelu novu generaciju opservatorija --
10:41
on the groundtlo, in spaceprostor.
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na zemlji i u svemiru.
10:43
I mean, what could be more gloriousslavna
than listeningslušanje to the BigVeliki BangPrasak itselfsebe?
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Mislim, što može biti sjajnije od
slušanja samog Velikog praska?
10:48
Our jobposao now is to dreamsan bigvelika.
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Naš posao je sanjati velike snove.
10:51
DreamSan with us.
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Sanjajte s nama.
10:52
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:53
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)
Translated by Martina Juranic
Reviewed by Danijela Rako

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Allan Adams - Theoretical physicist
Allan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory.

Why you should listen

Allan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory. His research in theoretical physics focuses on string theory both as a model of quantum gravity and as a strong-coupling description of non-gravitational systems.

Like water, string theory enjoys many distinct phases in which the low-energy phenomena take qualitatively different forms. In its most familiar phases, string theory reduces to a perturbative theory of quantum gravity. These phases are useful for studying, for example, the resolution of singularities in classical gravity, or the set of possibilities for the geometry and fields of spacetime. Along these lines, Adams is particularly interested in microscopic quantization of flux vacua, and in the search for constraints on low-energy physics derived from consistency of the stringy UV completion.

In other phases, when the gravitational interactions become strong and a smooth spacetime geometry ceases to be a good approximation, a more convenient description of string theory may be given in terms of a weakly-coupled non-gravitational quantum field theory. Remarkably, these two descriptions—with and without gravity—appear to be completely equivalent, with one remaining weakly-coupled when its dual is strongly interacting. This equivalence, known as gauge-gravity duality, allows us to study strongly-coupled string and quantum field theories by studying perturbative features of their weakly-coupled duals. Gauge-gravity duals have already led to interesting predictions for the quark-gluon plasma studied at RHIC. A major focus of Adams's present research is to use such dualities to find weakly-coupled descriptions of strongly-interacting condensed matter systems which can be realized in the lab.
More profile about the speaker
Allan Adams | Speaker | TED.com