TEDGlobal 2010
Rachel Sussman: The world's oldest living things
Rachel Sussman: Najstarija živa bića na svijetu
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Rachel Sussman pokazuje fotografije najstarijih kontinuirano živućih bića na svijetu – od 2.000-godišnjeg mozgolikog koralja s obale Tobaga do "podzemne šume" u Južnoj Africi, koji žive od prije praskozorja poljodjelstva.
Rachel Sussman - Artist, photographer
Rachel Sussman is on a quest to celebrate the resilience of life by identifying and photographing continuous-living organisms that are 2,000 years or older, all around the world. Full bio
Rachel Sussman is on a quest to celebrate the resilience of life by identifying and photographing continuous-living organisms that are 2,000 years or older, all around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
This strange-looking plant is called the Llareta.
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Ova biljka čudnog izgleda zove se Llareta.
00:19
What looks like moss covering rocks
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Ono što izgleda kao mahovina koja pokriva kamenje
00:21
is actually a shrub
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ustvari je grm
00:23
comprised of thousands of branches,
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koji se sastoji od tisuća grana,
00:25
each containing clusters of tiny green leaves at the end
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a svaka grana na krajevima sadržava skupine sićušnih zelenih listova
00:28
and so densely packed together
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tako gusto zbijenih skupa
00:30
that you could actually stand on top of it.
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da biste zapravo mogli stajati na njima.
00:33
This individual lives in the Atacama Desert in Chile,
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Ove individue žive u pustinji Atacama u Čileu
00:36
and it happens to be 3,000 years old.
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i zanimljivo je da su stare 3.000 godina.
00:39
It also happens to be a relative of parsley.
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Također je zanimljivo da su u rodu s peršinom.
00:42
For the past five years, I've been researching,
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Zadnjih pet godina ja istražujem,
00:44
working with biologists
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radim s biolozima
00:46
and traveling all over the world
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i putujem po cijelom svijetu
00:48
to find continuously living organisms
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tražeći organizme koji kontinuirano živeći
00:50
that are 2,000 years old and older.
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dosežu starost od 2.000 godina i više.
00:53
The project is part art and part science.
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Projekt je dijelom umjetnost, a dijelom znanost.
00:55
There's an environmental component.
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Ima ekološku komponentu.
00:57
And I'm also trying to create a means
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Ja također pokušavam stvoriti način
00:59
in which to step outside our quotidian experience of time
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da iskoračimo iz svakodnevnog doživljavanja vremena
01:02
and to start to consider a deeper timescale.
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i počnemo uzimati u obzir dublju vremensku skalu.
01:05
I selected 2,000 years as my minimum age
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Odabrala sam 2.000 godina kao minimalnu dob
01:08
because I wanted to start at what we consider to be year zero
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za sebe zato što sam htjela početi od onoga što uzimamo kao nultu godinu
01:11
and work backward from there.
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i vračati se unatrag od tamo.
01:13
What you're looking at now is a tree called Jomon Sugi,
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Ovo što sada gledate je drvo koje se zove Jomon Sugi,
01:16
living on the remote island of Yakushima.
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a živi na zabačenim otocima Yakushima.
01:19
The tree was in part a catalyst for the project.
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To drvo je, djelomice, bilo katalizator za projekt.
01:22
I'd been traveling in Japan
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Putovala sam u Japan
01:24
without an agenda other than to photograph,
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bez nekog određenog plana, osim da fotografiram,
01:26
and then I heard about this tree
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i tada sam čula za ovo drvo
01:28
that is 2,180 years old
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staro 2.180 godina
01:31
and knew that I had to go visit it.
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i odmah sam znala da ga moram posjetiti.
01:34
It wasn't until later, when I was actually back home in New York
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Mnogo kasnije, kad sam se ustvari vratila kući u New York
01:37
that I got the idea for the project.
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pala mi je na pamet ideja za projekt.
01:39
So it was the slow churn, if you will.
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Ustvari je to bilo sporo nadahnuće, da tako kažemo.
01:41
I think it was my longstanding desire
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Mislim da je ta moja vječna žudnja
01:43
to bring together my interest
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za spojiti svoje zanimanje
01:45
in art, science and philosophy
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za umjetnost, znanost i filozofiju
01:47
that allowed me to be ready
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bila spremna u trenutku
01:49
when the proverbial light bulb went on.
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kad se širom poznata žarulja upalila.
01:51
So I started researching, and to my surprise,
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I tako sam počela istraživati te na svoje iznenađenje
01:53
this project had never been done before
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shvatila da ovakav projekt nikad prije nije napravljen,
01:55
in the arts or the sciences.
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kako u umjetnosti tako ni u znanosti.
01:57
And -- perhaps naively --
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I onda, vjerojatno naivno,
01:59
I was surprised to find that there isn't even an area in the sciences
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bila sam iznenađena otkrićem da čak niti ne postoji područje znanosti
02:02
that deals with this idea
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koje bi se bavilo općenito idejom
02:04
of global species longevity.
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dugovječnosti vrsta.
02:06
So what you're looking at here
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Ovo što ovdje vidite
02:08
is the rhizocarpon geographicum, or map lichen,
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je rhizocarpon geographicum, ili lišaj mapa
02:11
and this is around 3,000 years old
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koji je star oko 3.000 godina
02:13
and lives in Greenland,
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i živi na Grenlandu,
02:15
which is a long way to go for some lichens.
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što je dug put za prijeći za neke lišajeve.
02:18
Visiting Greenland was more like
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Posjetiti Grenland nalikovalo je više
02:20
traveling back in time
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putovanju kroz vrijeme
02:22
than just traveling very far north.
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nego putovanju sasvim daleko na sjever.
02:24
It was very primal and more remote
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Bilo je to vraćanje prvobitnom te izdvojeno
02:26
than anything I'd ever experienced before.
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od svega što sam prije doživjela.
02:29
And this is heightened by a couple of particular experiences.
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A ovo je još podcrtano s nekoliko osobitih doživljaja.
02:32
One was when I had been dropped off by boat
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Jedan je bio kad su me odbacili brodom
02:35
on a remote fjord,
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i ostavili na zabačenom fjordu,
02:37
only to find that the archeologists I was supposed to meet
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da bih shvatila kako arheolog s kojim sam se trebala sresti
02:39
were nowhere to be found.
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nije nigdje u blizini.
02:41
And it's not like you could send them a text or shoot them an e-mail,
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A ne možete im poslati poruku ili ispaliti email,
02:44
so I was literally left to my own devices.
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ustvari sam doslovno bila prepuštena sebi i svojim instrumentima.
02:47
But luckily, it worked out obviously,
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No srećom, upalilo je, očito.
02:50
but it was a humbling experience
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No to je bio ponižavajući doživljaj,
02:52
to feel so disconnected.
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osjećati se tako isključeno.
02:55
And then a few days later,
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I onda, nekoliko dana poslije,
02:57
we had the opportunity to go fishing in a glacial stream
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imali smo priliku otići pecati na ledenjački potok
02:59
near our campsite,
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u blizini našeg kampa,
03:01
where the fish were so abundant
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gdje je ribe bilo u takvom izobilju
03:04
that you could literally reach into the stream
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da ste doslovce mogli posegnuti u potok
03:07
and grab out a foot-long trout with your bare hands.
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i zgrabiti pastrvu dugačku 31cm golim rukama.
03:10
It was like visiting
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Bilo je to kao da ste posjetili
03:12
a more innocent time on the planet.
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neko bezazlenije vrijeme na planetu.
03:15
And then, of course, there's the lichens.
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I onda, naravno, ti lišajevi.
03:17
These lichens grow only one centimeter
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Ti lišajevi rastu samo jedan centimetar
03:19
every hundred years.
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u stotinu godina.
03:21
I think that really puts human lifespans
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Ja mislim da ovo stavlja ljudski vijek
03:23
into a different perspective.
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u sasvim drugačiju perspektivu.
03:25
And what you're looking at here
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A ovo što sada gledate je
03:27
is an aerial photo take over eastern Oregon.
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jedna zračna fotografija istočnog Oregona.
03:29
And if the title "Searching for Armillaria Death Rings,"
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A ako naslov 'Potraga za Armilarijskim (gljive) prstenima smrti'
03:32
sounds ominous, it is.
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zvuči zlokobno, to i jeste.
03:35
The Armillaria is actually a predatory fungus,
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Armilarija je ustvari predatorska gljiva
03:38
killing certain species of trees in the forest.
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koja ubija određenu vrstu drveća u šumi.
03:41
It's also more benignly known
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Također je benignije poznata
03:43
as the honey mushroom or the "humongous fungus"
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kao medena gljiva ili "ogromna gljiva"
03:46
because it happens to be
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jer je također
03:48
one of the world's largest organisms as well.
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jedan od najvećih organizama na svijetu.
03:50
So with the help of some biologists studying the fungus,
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I tako uz pomoć nekoliko biologa koji proučavaju gljive,
03:53
I got some maps and some GPS coordinates
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dobila sam neke mape i neke GPS koordinate,
03:56
and chartered a plane
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unajmila avion
03:58
and started looking for the death rings,
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i počela tražiti prstenove smrti,
04:01
the circular patterns
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kružne obrasce
04:03
in which the fungus kills the trees.
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u kojima gljiva ubija drveće.
04:05
So I'm not sure if there are any in this photo,
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I tako ja nisam sigurna ima li ih na ovoj fotografiji,
04:07
but I do know the fungus is down there.
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ali znam da je gljiva tamo dolje.
04:09
And then this back down on the ground
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A zatim, vratimo se dolje na zemlju
04:11
and you can see that the fungus is actually invading this tree.
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pa možete vidjeti kako gljiva upravo napada ovo drvo.
04:14
So that white material that you see
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Ova bijela tvar koju možete vidjeti
04:16
in between the bark and the wood
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između kore i debla
04:18
is the mycelial felt of the fungus,
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je klobučasti micelij gljive,
04:21
and what it's doing -- it's actually
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a što li radi … ustvari
04:23
slowly strangling the tree to death
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vrlo polako davi drvo do smrti
04:25
by preventing the flow of water and nutrients.
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tako što sprječava protok vode i hranjivih tvari.
04:28
So this strategy has served it pretty well --
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To je prilično uspješna strategija izgladnjivanja.
04:30
it's 2,400 years old.
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Stara je 2.400 godina.
04:33
And then from underground to underwater.
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A sada od 'iznad zemlje' idemo 'ispod mora'.
04:36
This is a Brain Coral living in Tobago
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Ovo je mozgoliki koralj koji živi na Tobagu
04:38
that's around 2,000 years old.
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i koji je star oko 2.000 godina.
04:40
And I had to overcome my fear of deep water to find this one.
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A ja sam morala prevladati svoj strah od duboke vode da bih pronašla ovoga.
04:43
This is at about 60 feet
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Ovo je na oko 60 stopa
04:45
or 18 meters, depth.
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ili 18 metara dubine.
04:47
And you'll see, there's some damage to the surface of the coral.
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I vidjet ćete, ovo je oštećenje na površini koralja.
04:50
That was actually caused by a school of parrot fish
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Ustvari ga je izazvala skupina riba papagaja
04:53
that had started eating it,
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koja ga je počela jesti,
04:55
though luckily, they lost interest before killing it.
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međutim su, srećom, izgubili zanimanje prije no što su ga ubili.
04:58
Luckily still, it seems to be out of harm's way
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Još jednom srećom, čini se da je izvan opasne zone
05:01
of the recent oil spill.
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nedavnog izlijevanja nafte.
05:03
But that being said, we just as easily could have lost
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No sad kad to kažem, mi smo lagano mogli izgubiti
05:05
one of the oldest living things on the planet,
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jedno od najstarijih živućih stvorenja na planeti,
05:08
and the full impact of that disaster
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a puni utjecaj ove katastrofe
05:10
is still yet to be seen.
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tek će se vidjeti.
05:12
Now this is something that I think
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A sada, ovo je nešto za što ja mislim
05:14
is one of the most quietly resilient things on the planet.
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da je najžilavije biće na planeti.
05:17
This is clonal colony
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Ovo je klonalna kolonija
05:19
of Quaking Aspen trees, living in Utah,
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drveća trepereće jasike (sjevernoamerička vrsta), koja živi u državi Utah
05:22
that is literally 80,000 years old.
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i stara je doslovno 80.000 godina.
05:25
What looks like a forest
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Ono što izgleda kao šuma
05:27
is actually only one tree.
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ustvari je samo jedno drvo.
05:30
Imagine that it's one giant root system
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Zamislite to je jedan gorostasni korijenski sustav,
05:32
and each tree is a stem
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a svako drvo je izdanak
05:34
coming up from that system.
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koji izlazi iz njega.
05:36
So what you have is one giant,
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Tako imate golemu,
05:38
interconnected,
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međusobno povezanu,
05:40
genetically identical individual
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genetički jedinstvenu individuu
05:42
that's been living for 80,000 years.
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koja živi već 80.000 godina.
05:45
It also happens to be male
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To je mužjak,
05:47
and, in theory immortal.
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teoretski besmrtan.
05:49
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:52
This is a clonal tree as well.
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Ovo je također klonalno drvo.
05:54
This is the spruce Gran Picea,
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Ovo je smreka Gran Picea,
05:56
which at 9,550 years
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koja je sa svojih 9.550 godina
05:58
is a mere babe in the woods.
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prava beba u šumama.
06:00
The location of this tree
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Položaj ovog drveta
06:02
is actually kept secret for its own protection.
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ustvari se čuva kao tajna radi njegove vlastite zaštite.
06:05
I spoke to the biologist who discovered this tree,
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Razgovarala sam s biologom koji je otkrio ovo drvo
06:08
and he told me that that spindly growth you see there in the center
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i on mi je rekao da je tanašni izraštaj koji vidite ovdje u centru
06:11
is most likely a product of climate change.
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najvjerojatnije rezultat klimatskih promjena.
06:14
As it's gotten warmer on the top of the mountain,
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Kako je na vrhu planine postalo toplije,
06:17
the vegetation zone is actually changing.
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vegetacijska se zona ustvari mijenja.
06:20
So we don't even necessarily have to have
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I tako mi nužno ne moramo imati
06:22
direct contact with these organisms
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izravni kontakt s ovim organizmima,
06:24
to have a very real impact on them.
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a da imamo vrlo stvaran utjecaj na njih.
06:28
This is the Fortingall Yew --
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Ovo je tisa u Fortingall-u (Škotska).
06:31
no, I'm just kidding --
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Samo se šalim.
06:33
this is the Fortingall Yew.
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Ovo je tisa u Fortingall-u.
06:35
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:37
But I put that slide in there
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Ali ja sam stavila ovaj slajd tu
06:39
because I'm often asked if there are any animals in the project.
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zato što me često pitaju ima li u ovom projektu životinja.
06:42
And aside from coral,
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Osim koralja,
06:44
the answer is no.
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odgovor je ne.
06:46
Does anybody know how old the oldest tortoise is --
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Zna li netko koliko je stara najstarija kornjača?
06:49
any guesses?
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Ikakva pretpostavka?
06:51
(Audience: 300.)
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(Publika: tristo).
06:53
Rachel Sussman: 300? No, 175
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Rachel Sussman: tristo? Ne, najstarijoj živućoj
06:55
is the oldest living tortoise,
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kornjači je 175,
06:57
so nowhere near 2,000.
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dakle niti približno 2.000.
07:00
And then, you might have heard
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I onda, možda ste čuli
07:02
of this giant clam that was discovered
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o divovskoj školjci koja je bila otkrivena
07:04
off the coast of northern Iceland
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na obalama sjevernog Islanda
07:06
that reached 405 years old.
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koja je navršila starost od 405 godina.
07:09
However, it died in the lab
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Doduše, umrla je u laboratoriju
07:11
as they were determining its age.
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dok su joj određivali starost.
07:14
The most interesting discovery of late, I think
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U posljednje je vrijeme najinteresantnije otkriće, ja mislim,
07:16
is the so-called immortal jellyfish,
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takozvana besmrtna meduza
07:19
which has actually been observed in the lab
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koja je stvarno promatrana u laboratoriju
07:21
to be able to be able to revert back to the polyp state
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kako se vraća natrag u stanje polipa
07:24
after reaching full maturity.
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nakon što je dosegla punu zrelost.
07:26
So that being said,
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I nakon što je ovo rečeno,
07:29
it's highly unlikely that any jellyfish would survive that long in the wild.
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i dalje je jako malo vjerojatno da bi ikoja meduza poživjela tako dugo u divljini.
07:33
And back to the yew here.
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I da se vratimo na tisu.
07:35
So as you can see, it's in a churchyard;
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I tako, kao što možete vidjeti, ovo je crkveno dvorište.
07:37
it's in Scotland. It's behind a protective wall.
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To je u Škotskoj. Ona je iza zaštitnog zida.
07:40
And there are actually a number or ancient yews
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U stvari je veliki broj prastarih tisa
07:42
in churchyards around the U.K.,
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u crkvenim dvorištima širom Engleske,
07:44
but if you do the math, you'll remember
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no ako izračunamo, sjetit ćete se
07:46
it's actually the yew trees that were there first, then the churches.
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da su ustvari tise bile prve, a zatim su došle crkve.
07:51
And now down to another part of the world.
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A sada dolje na drugi dio svijeta.
07:53
I had the opportunity to travel around the Limpopo Province in South Africa
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Imala sam priliku putovati oko Limpopo provincije u Južnoj Africi
07:56
with an expert in Baobab trees.
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s ekspertom za Baobab drveće.
07:58
And we saw a number of them,
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I vidjeli smo ih popriličan broj,
08:00
and this is most likely the oldest.
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a ovo je najvjerojatnije najstariji.
08:02
It's around 2,000,
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Oko 2.000 godina mu je
08:04
and it's called the Sagole Baobab.
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i zove se Sagole Baobab.
08:06
And you know, I think of all of these organisms
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I znate, ja razmišljam o svim ovim organizmima
08:08
as palimpsests.
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kao o palimpsestima (svici korišteni za pisanje, brisanje i ponovno pisanje).
08:10
They contain thousands of years
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Oni imaju tisuće godina
08:12
of their own histories within themselves,
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vlastite povijesti unutar sebe samih,
08:14
and they also contain records of natural and human events.
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ali oni sadržavaju i zapise prirodnih i humanih događanja.
08:17
And the Baobabs in particular
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A Baobabi su osobito
08:19
are a great example of this.
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izvrstan primjer toga.
08:21
You can see that this one
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Vidite kako ovaj ima
08:23
has names carved into its trunk,
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imena urezana na stablu,
08:25
but it also records some natural events.
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ali i zapise prirodnih događanja.
08:27
So the Baobabs, as they get older,
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Tako Baobabi, kako stare,
08:29
tend to get pulpy in their centers and hollow out.
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postaju mekani iznutra i nastaju šupljine.
08:32
And this can create
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A ovo stvara
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great natural shelters for animals,
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izvrsne zaklone za životinje,
08:36
but they've also been appropriated
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ali je zgodno i
08:38
for some rather dubious human uses,
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za neke sasvim neobične ljudske uporabe,
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including a bar, a prison
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uključujući bar, zatvor,
08:43
and even a toilet inside of a tree.
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čak i toalet unutar drveta.
08:46
And this brings me to another favorite of mine --
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A ovo nas vodi ka mom sljedećem favoritu –
08:48
I think, because it is just so unusual.
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barem mislim, zato što je tako neobično.
08:51
This plant is called the Welwitschia,
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Ova se biljka zove Welwitschia
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and it lives only in parts of coastal Namibia and Angola,
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i živi samo na dijelovima obalne Namibije i Angole,
08:56
where it's uniquely adapted
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gdje se jedinstveno prilagodila
08:58
to collect moisture from mist coming off the sea.
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na sakupljanje vlage iz izmaglice koja dolazi od mora.
09:01
And what's more, it's actually a tree.
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I još nešto, to je ustvari drvo.
09:04
It's a primitive conifer.
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To je primitivna četinjača.
09:06
You'll notice that it's bearing cones down the center.
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Primijetit ćete češere dolje prema središtu.
09:09
And what looks like two big heaps of leaves,
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A ono što izgleda kao dvije velike hrpe lišća,
09:12
is actually two single leaves
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ustvari su samo dva lista.
09:14
that get shredded up
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Rastrgani su
09:16
by the harsh desert conditions over time.
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zbog surovih uvjeta u pustinji tijekom vremena.
09:18
And it actually never sheds those leaves,
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A listovi joj ustvari nikad ne opadaju
09:21
so it also bears the distinction
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pa se izdvaja i po tome
09:23
of having the longest leaves
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što ima najduže listove
09:25
in the plant kingdom.
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u carstvu biljaka.
09:27
I spoke to a biologist
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Razgovarala sam s biologom
09:29
at the Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden in Capetown
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u Kirstenbosch botaničkom vrtu u Capetownu
09:31
to ask him
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kako bih ga pitala
09:33
where he thought this remarkable plant came from,
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što misli od kuda je došla ova neobična biljka,
09:36
and his thought was that
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a njegovo razmišljanje je bilo da,
09:38
if you travel around Namibia,
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ako putujete uokolo po Namibiji,
09:40
you see that there are a number of petrified forests,
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vidjet ćete mnoge okamenjene šume,
09:42
and the logs are all --
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a sva stabla su --
09:45
the logs are all giant coniferous trees,
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stabla su divovske četinjače,
09:48
and yet there's no sign of where they might have come from.
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a opet nema znaka od kuda su došle.
09:51
So his thought was that
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Njegovo razmišljanje je bilo
09:53
flooding in the north of Africa
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kako je poplava sjeverne Afrike
09:55
actually brought those coniferous trees down
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ustvari naplavila sve to drveće četinjača,
09:58
tens of thousands of years ago,
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prije kojih deset tisuća godina,
10:00
and what resulted was this remarkable adaptation
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a to je rezultiralo ovom fantastičnom adaptacijom
10:03
to this unique desert environment.
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na jedinstvene uvjete pustinje.
10:05
This is what I think is the most poetic of the oldest living things.
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Ovo je ono što ja smatram najpoetičnijim od svih najstarijih živih bića.
10:08
This is something called an underground forest.
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Ovo je nešto što se zove podzemna šuma.
10:11
So, I spoke to a botanist at the Pretoria Botanical Garden,
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Dakle, razgovarala sam s botaničarom u botaničkom vrtu Pretoria
10:14
who explained that certain species of trees
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koji je objasnio kako su se određene vrste drveća
10:17
have adapted to this region.
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adaptirale na ovu regiju.
10:20
It's bushfelt region,
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Ovo je regija grmolikog raslinja
10:22
which is dry and prone to a lot of fires,
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koje je suho i sklono samozapaljivanju,
10:24
as so what these trees have done
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i što je drveće napravilo,
10:27
is, if you can imagine that this is the crown of the tree,
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ako možete zamisliti da je ovo krošnja drveta,
10:29
and that this is ground level,
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a ovo je razina pri zemlji,
10:31
imagine that the whole thing,
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zamislite kako je cijela stvar,
10:33
that whole bulk of the tree,
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cijela masa drveta,
10:35
migrated underground,
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migrirala u podzemlje
10:37
and you just have those leaves peeping up above the surface.
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i sve što imate je to lišće koje proviruje iznad površine.
10:40
That way, when a fire roars through,
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Na ovaj način, kada vatra prohuja preko,
10:42
it's the equivalent of getting your eyebrows singed.
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ovo je ravno tome da odete na korekciju obrva,
10:45
The tree can easily recover.
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drvo se lagano može oporaviti.
10:48
These also tend to grow clonally,
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Ono također ima tendenciju da raste kao klon,
10:50
the oldest of which is 13,000 years old.
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od kojih je najstariji 13.000 godina.
10:53
Back in the U.S., there's a couple plants of similar age.
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Natrag u Ameriku, ondje je nekoliko biljaka podjednake dobi.
10:56
This is the clonal Creosote bush,
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Ovo je klonalni Creosote grm,
10:58
which is around 12,000 years old.
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koji je star oko 12.000 godina.
11:00
If you've been in the American West,
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Ako ste bili na američkom zapadu
11:02
you know the Creosote bush is pretty ubiquitous,
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onda znate da je Creosote grm poprilično sveprisutan,
11:04
but that being said, you see that this has
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no kad smo ovo rekli, vidite kako ovo
11:06
this unique, circular form.
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ima jedinstvenu kružnu formu.
11:08
And what's happening is it's expanding slowly outwards
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I što se događa, polako se širi prema van
11:11
from that original shape.
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iz ovog originalnog oblika.
11:14
And it's one -- again, that interconnected root system,
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A ovo je sve -- opet, taj isprepleteni sustav korijenja,
11:17
making it one genetically identical individual.
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koji stvara jednu genetički identičnu jedinku.
11:20
It also has a friend nearby --
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On također ima prijatelja u blizini --
11:23
well, I think they're friends.
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no dobro, barem mislim da su prijatelji.
11:25
This is the clonal Mojave yucca, it's about a mile away,
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Ovo je klonalna Mojave juka, ona je oko milju udaljena
11:28
and it's a little bit older than 12,000 years.
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i malo je starija od 12.000 godina.
11:30
And you see it has that similar circular form.
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I kao što vidite ima istu kružnu formu.
11:33
And there's some younger clones
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A tu su i neki mlađi klonovi
11:35
dotting the landscape behind it.
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koji su oslikali krajolik iza nje.
11:37
And both of these, the yucca and the Creosote bush,
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A ovo oboje, juka i Creosote grm,
11:40
live on Bureau of Land Management land,
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žive na zemlji Biroa za upravljanje zemljom,
11:43
and that's very different from being protected in a national park.
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a to je sasvim drugačije od biti zaštićen u nacionalnom parku.
11:46
In fact, this land is designated
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U stvari, ovo je zemljište namijenjeno
11:48
for recreational all-terrain vehicle use.
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korištenju rekreacijskih vozila za sve terene.
11:54
So, now I want to show what very well might be
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Dakle, sada vam želim pokazati ono što bi lako moglo biti
11:57
the oldest living thing on the planet.
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najstarije živo biće na planetu.
11:59
This is Siberian Actinobacteria,
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Ovo je Sibirska Actinobacteria,
12:01
which is between 400,000
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stara između 400.000
12:04
and 600,000 years old.
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i 600.000 godina.
12:07
This bacteria was discovered several years ago
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Ova je bakterija bila otkrivena prije nekoliko godina
12:09
by a team of planetary biologists
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od strane tima planetarnih biologa
12:11
hoping to find clues to life on other planets
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koji su se nadali pronaći tragove života na drugim planetima
12:14
by looking at one of the harshest conditions on ours.
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promatrajući najsurovije uvjete na našem.
12:17
And what they found, by doing research into the permafrost,
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I ono što su pronašli istražujući u permafrostu
12:20
was this bacteria.
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bila je ova bakterija.
12:22
But what's unique about it is that
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A ono što je jedinstveno kod nje
12:24
it's doing DNA repair below freezing.
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je da obnavlja svoju DNK na temperaturama ispod ledišta.
12:26
And what that means is that it's not dormant --
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A ovo znači kako ona tada nije uspavana.
12:29
it's actually been living and growing
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Ustvari to živi i raste
12:31
for half a million years.
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pola milijuna godina.
12:34
It's also probably one the most vulnerable
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Ovo je također vjerojatno najosjetljiviji
12:37
of the oldest living things,
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dugoživući stvor,
12:39
because if the permafrost melts,
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zato što ako se permafrost otopi
12:41
it won't survive.
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on neće preživjeti.
12:43
This is a map that I've put together of the oldest living things,
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Ovo je mapa koju sam sastavila od svih dugoživućih živih stvorenja,
12:45
so you can get a sense of where they are; you see they're all over the world.
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kako biste dobili osjećaj gdje su; kao što vidite ona su posvuda.
12:48
The blue flags represent things that I've already photographed,
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Plave zastavice predstavljaju bića koja sam već fotografirala,
12:51
and the reds are places that I'm still trying to get to.
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a crvene su postavljene na mjesta na koja pokušavam doći.
12:54
You'll see also, there's a flag on Antarctica.
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Također vidite zastavicu na Antarktiku.
12:57
I'm trying to travel there
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Pokušavam tamo otputovati
12:59
to find 5,000 year-old moss,
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da nađem 5.000 godina staru mahovinu
13:02
which lives on the Antarctic Peninsula.
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koja živi na Antarktičkom poluotoku.
13:05
So, I probably have about two more years left
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Dakle, vjerojatno su mi ostale dvije godine
13:07
on this project --
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projekta --
13:09
on this phase of the project,
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u ovoj fazi projekta,
13:11
but after five years,
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nakon pet godina,
13:13
I really feel like I know what's at the heart of this work.
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ja stvarno osjećam kako znam što je u središtu ovog rada.
13:16
The oldest living things in the world
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Najstarija živa bića na ovome svijetu
13:18
are a record and celebration of our past,
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su zapis i slava naše prošlosti,
13:21
a call to action in the present
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poziv na akciju u sadašnjosti
13:24
and a barometer of our future.
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i barometar naše budućnosti.
13:26
They've survived for millennia
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Preživjela su milenije
13:28
in desert, in the permafrost,
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u pustinjama, u permafrostu,
13:30
at the tops of mountains and at the bottom of the ocean.
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na vrhovima planina i na dnu oceana.
13:33
They've withstood
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Ona su izdržala
13:35
untold natural perils and human encroachments,
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neizrecive prirodne rizike i ljudsku najezdu,
13:38
but now some of them are in jeopardy,
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ali sada su neka od njih u opasnosti,
13:40
and they can't just get up and get out of the way.
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a ne mogu se samo ustati i maknuti s puta.
13:43
It's my hope that, by going to find these organisms,
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Ja se nadam, da svojom potragom za tim organizmima,
13:45
that I can help draw attention
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mogu pomoći usmjeravanju pozornosti
13:47
to their remarkable resilience
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na njihovu izvanrednu otpornost
13:49
and help play a part in insuring
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i pomoći odigrati ulogu u osiguravanju
13:51
their continued longevity into the foreseeable future.
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kontinuiteta njihova starenja u predvidljivoj budućnosti.
13:54
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
13:56
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rachel Sussman - Artist, photographerRachel Sussman is on a quest to celebrate the resilience of life by identifying and photographing continuous-living organisms that are 2,000 years or older, all around the world.
Why you should listen
For the past five years, Rachel Sussman has traveled around the globe photographing organisms that have lived for more than 2,000 years. From 500,000-year-old actinobacteria in the Siberian permafrost a lone spruce standing on a mostly barren mountain in Sweden, her images capture both the robustness and fragility of life. While these organisms' longevity dwarfs even that of human civilization, they all depend on ecosystems in fine balance -- a balance thrown into question by human encroachment and climate change.
Sussman's work has been exhibited throughout the United States and Europe in venues including the Museum of Natural History.
Rachel Sussman | Speaker | TED.com