Kevin B. Jones: Why curiosity is the key to science and medicine
Kevin Jones: A tudomány és gyógyítás kulcsa a kíváncsiság
Kevin B. Jones is a life-long student of human nature, fascinated most by the decision-making capacity intrinsic to each of us. Full bio
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unhappy memories of boredom
nyomasztó unalma jut eszébe.
of what other people had discovered.
levő tudás.
guess an explanation for that observation,
magyarázatot találunk ki hozzá,
amelyet tesztelhetünk
that we can test
that the Earth was below, the sky above,
hogy fent az ég és lent a Föld,
seemed to go around them.
the center of the universe.
should circle around the Earth.
on one of the first telescopes,
az első távcsövek egyikéhez,
to follow the path of Jupiter
követte a Jupiter pályáját,
also was not going around the Earth
the discarding of the theory
of the universe.
az univerzum közepe lenne.
noticed that things fall to the Earth.
hogy a tárgyak leesnek a Földre.
should fall to the Earth.
le kell essen a Földre.
does fall to the Earth.
gravity pulls things to the Earth
a gravitáció addig vonzza a tárgyakat
and opposite force in the other direction.
ellentétes irányú ugyanakkora erő.
a madarakra és szárnyaikra.
to the bird and the bird's wings,
összes fölfedezésre.
from that line of thinking.
the exceptions, the outliers
a kivételek, a kiugró értékek
and lead us to something new.
és új felfedezésekhez vezetnek.
This is how science learns.
and even more rarely,
has been scientifically proven.
that science never proves anything
örökre sosem bizonyít be semmit
elég kíváncsi marad ahhoz,
here for a second.
to different people,
milyen sok jelentéssel bírt.
public discourse on medicine
an engineering problem.
that try to figure out how to pay for it.
gondolkoznak, mennyit fizessenek érte.
how best to distribute medicine,
are absolutely obsessed
rögeszmésen ragaszkodnak
how best to safely apply medicine.
the quality of our health care
that in this climate,
for the provision of health care
like Jiffy Lube.
when I graduated from medical school,
hogy mikor elvégeztem az orvosit,
little doohickeys
has to plug into your car
of that observation,
that we can test.
amelyet tesztelhetünk.
of most predictions in medicine
from those boring days in biology class
from a guessed explanation,
előrejelzést fogalmazunk meg,
of my patients is an outlier,
for a sarcoma patient
műtétet szarkómás páciensen,
by a randomized controlled clinical trial,
klinikai kísérletből leszűrt,
of population-based evidence in medicine.
befolyásolt volna.
outside the box,
sincs meg, amitől eltérjünk.
a bath in the uncertainty
and outliers that surround us in sarcoma
ismeretlenek, kivételek, anomáliák révén
are those two most important values
két legfontosabb értékéhez
albeit distinct patient with sarcoma.
de hasonlón kirívó esete.
international collaborations.
to talk to each other through chat rooms
támogatói csoportokban
of humbly curious communication
és érdeklődő beszélgetésekből
során megtudtuk,
the ankle to serve as the knee
with the cancer.
eltávolítandó térd helyére.
and run and jump and play.
ugrálhat, játszhat.
who had experienced it.
akik ezt már átélték.
és rendhagyó esetek
but also lead us to new thinking.
s új gondolkozásmódra késztetnek.
az új gondolkodásmód,
and exceptions lead us to in medicine
s a kivételek rávezetnek,
to the outliers and exceptions.
from sarcoma patients
to the general population.
a népesség egészéről is.
draw our attention
of perhaps what a tree is.
is rámutat a lényegre.
losing the forests for the trees,
hogy a fától nem látjuk az erdőt,
that define a tree,
and roots and branches,
s az ágak közötti viszony.
has very unusual relationships
in the general population.
of all cancers.
is considered a genetic disease.
genetikai eredetűnek tartják.
that cancer is caused by oncogenes
onkogének okozzák,
that are turned off to cause cancer.
melyek ha leállnak, rákot okoznak.
that we learned about oncogenes
from common cancers
a gyakori rákokból
and tumor suppressor genes
és tumorszuppresszor génekről
of cancers called sarcoma.
and Mike Bishop discovered
that src is the most important oncogene.
a legfontosabb onkogén.
turned on oncogene in all of cancer.
a leggyakrabban előforduló onkogén.
about the rest of biology.
tanított a biológiáról.
tumor suppressor gene.
tumorszuppresszor gén.
tumor suppressor gene
tumorszupresszor gén
from common cancers.
when doctors Li and Fraumeni
in a million diagnosis,
about a bird's wing.
floating around some planet Jupiter.
keringő holdról beszélsz,
may lead to the advancement of science,
előre viheti a tudományt,
with rare and deadly diseases.
betegségben szenvedő páciensekkel.
or "There's nothing more we can do."
"Többet már nem tehetünk".
turn on a single word:
egyetlen szó villan föl:
in these conversations.
that are being done?
you see this phrase, "no where."
one of my patients' rooms.
with a bone cancer a few days before.
állapítottam meg pár nappal korábban.
with the chemotherapy doctors
a kemoterápiás orvosokkal
to the hospital to begin chemotherapy.
when I got to his room.
mikor a szobájába értem.
to chat with me for a few minutes.
csevegni velem pár percet.
what she had been reading
that the chemotherapy doctors
maga azt mondta,
and I think I can do it.
és úgy gondolom, meg tudom tenni.
with these very difficult treatments.
bonyolult kezelésekkel.
I'm going to move in with my parents.
Összeköltözünk a szüleimmel.
matter in my life."
a whole lot in your life.
semmi jelentősége egész életükben.
hiányosságok a gyógyításban,
we test predictions in populations,
a gyógyításban az előrejelzéseket,
embedded in the general population,
benne van az általános népességben,
nor the physician knows
the individual will land.
a better or a worse result for you.
önnek vagy lehet, hogy nem.
confident conversations.
removed a tumor from a patient's limb.
el egy páciense végtagjából.
he talked about his concern
beszélt aggodalmáról,
for coming back in the same limb.
ugyanabba a végtagba.
éppen megfelelt:
and you're good to go."
jól van, távozhat."
opened a bottle of champagne.
díszvacsora, pezsgőt bontottak.
egy héttel később
another nodule in the same area.
másik csomót érzékelt.
and she wasn't good to go.
el mindent, és a nő még sincs jól.
absolutely fascinates me.
teljesen lenyűgözött.
looking after this patient for me?"
mit kell tenni, mint én – mondtam.
to do as well as I do.
after this patient for me."
a much more invasive surgery
with the patient afterwards.
beszélgettem a pácienssel:
– mondtam.
that we're doing.
to find out if this surgery will work
a műtét sikerült-e,
after talking to me.
tudományos munkatárs lett
will be that patient sometime very soon.
lesznek valamikor hamarosan.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kevin B. Jones - Cancer researcherKevin B. Jones is a life-long student of human nature, fascinated most by the decision-making capacity intrinsic to each of us.
Why you should listen
Kevin B. Jones diagnoses and performs surgeries to remove rare cancers called sarcomas from the limbs of children and adults. Counseling patients -- especially teenagers with bone cancers -- about the decisions they must make with regard to their bodies has brought the uncertainties of medicine into keen focus for him. How does a person decipher what medicine has told her? How can a person choose among options given very limited understanding of the implications of each? Intrigued by these riddles and conundrums that patient-physician communication frequently creates, Jones wrote a book, What Doctors Cannot Tell You: Clarity, Confidence and Uncertainty in Medicine.
Jones also runs a scientific research laboratory focused on the biology of sarcomas. Here, his team studies the decisions cells make on the way to becoming a cancer. Again the complexities and uncertainties inherent to these decisions are in full relief.
Jones sees patients and does surgery as an associate professor at the University of Utah in the Department of Orthopaedics, working at both Primary Children's Hospital and the Huntsman Cancer Institute. His laboratory is in the Huntsman Cancer Institute, where he is an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Oncological Sciences.
Jones studied English literature at Harvard, medicine at Johns Hopkins, orthopedic surgery at the University of Iowa, and musculoskeletal oncology at the University of Toronto. He lives in Salt Lake City with his wife and four children.
Kevin B. Jones | Speaker | TED.com