Adam de la Zerda: We can start winning the war against cancer
アダム・デ・ラ・ゼルダ: がんとの戦いに勝利するために我々が始めた方法
Adam de la Zerda develops new medical imaging technologies to detect and destroy cancer. Full bio
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and the National Cancer Institute declared
国立がん研究所が
宣言したメッセージです
but I don't buy that.
私はこれには懐疑的です
anyone here will question that.
this war against cancer
戦いを仕掛けているからだと思います
a story about a good friend of mine.
お話しします
Ehud was diagnosed with brain cancer.
彼は脳の悪性腫瘍と診断されました
of the most deadly forms of brain cancer.
診断されたのです
that they only have 12 months,
彼に言い渡しました
they have to find a treatment.
治療法を見つけ出さなければなりません
find a cure, he will die.
of different treatments to choose from,
if a treatment is even working or not,
有効であるかどうかは明らかでなく
about three months or so.
分からないということです
試すことができません
into his first treatment,
just a few days into that treatment,
彼と面会すると
"Adam, I think this is working.
「アダム 効果が出ているようだ
Something is happening."
何か変化が起きているよ」
How do you know that, Ehud?"
「本当かい?どうしてそう思うんだ?」
I feel so terrible inside.
「頭の中がとても具合悪く感じるんだ
we got the news, it didn't work.
効果がでていないとの知らせを受けました
into his second treatment.
試すことになりました
gotta be working there."
何かが効いているに違いない」
again we get bad news.
またもや悪い報告を受けました
and then his fourth treatment.
is going through such a huge struggle,
とてつもない苦しみと戦っているとき
are going through your head.
this is the best that we can offer?
という憤りでした
more and more into this.
こんなことが分かりました
the best that doctors could offer Ehud.
最善の治療だったのみならず また―
patients with brain cancer generally.
最善の治療だったのです
all across the board with cancer.
我々は決め手に欠ける有様です
have seen those statistics before.
きっといると思います
how many patients actually died of cancer,
1930年代以降
that many things that have changed.
相変わらず大きな問題であることが
for example, on the rise.
for example, stomach cancer
of the biggest killers of all cancers,
多いものでしたが
Anyone knows, by the way?
皆さん ご存知でしょうか?
struck by stomach cancer?
乗り越えられたのか?
medical technology breakthrough
いったいどんな
that saved humanity from stomach cancer?
世界に登場したからでしょうか
or a better diagnostic?
診断法にあったのでしょうか?
no longer eating spoiled meats.
that happened to us so far
がん研究に関し
the refrigerator was invented.
in cancer research.
私の意図ではありません
of good cancer research
素晴らしいがん研究が行われ
that taught us about cancer.
とても重要な発見がありました
to still do ahead of us.
reason why this is the case,
その主な理由は
私は思います
medical imaging comes in.
役に立ちます
of the best medical imaging
最新技術による画像が
to brain cancer patients,
お見せしましょう
to all cancer patients,
適用可能です
ご覧いただきます
where the bones are,
可視化することができて
where tumors are.
どこにあるかを示します
outside of the body,
into these patients by the billions,
患者に注射され
that are hungry for sugar.
探し出します
for example, lights up there.
光っています
needs a lot of sugar.
必要としているからです
lights up there.
is the thing that's clearing
体から糖を
信号が出ていますが
a wonderful technology.
to look into someone's body
each and every one of the cells
細胞を取り出すことなく
細胞を取り出すことなく
allowing us to look into someone's body
調べることができるようになりました
has the cancer metastasized?
「がんは転移していないか?」
are showing you very clearly
腫瘍のある場所を
where is the tumor.
はっきりと示すことができます
small little hot spots there.
are in any one of these tumors?
いくつがん細胞があると思いますか?
that this number sunk in.
ようやく見えるようになるのです
of these small little blips
at least 100 million cancer cells
少なくとも1億個のがん細胞が
like a very large number,
思えるかも知れませんが
an incredibly large number,
悩ましいほどに大きな数です
in order to pick up something early enough
真に効果的なものにするには
to do something meaningful about it,
that are a thousand cells in size,
さらに理想を言えば―
a handful of cells in size.
検知できる必要があります
pretty far away from this.
明らかです
a little experiment here.
to now play and imagine
that the tumor is out.
腫瘍を確実に摘出することです
have already been removed,
既に取り除かれており
about the size of a golf ball or so
of this person's brain.
あることです
everything looks the same,
残念ながら―
and healthy brain tissue
同じように見えるので
a little bit on the brain,
a little harder, stiffer,
幾分固く ぴんと張っているので
a little bit like this and say,
こう言うことが出来ます
and start cutting the tumor
腫瘍を少しずつ丁寧に
to a stage where you think,
I took out everything."
全て取り除いたぞ」
like, pretty crazy --
思ったでしょうが
challenging decision of your life here.
決断を迫られます
and let this patient go,
つまり―
some leftover cancer cells behind
腫瘍細胞が残っているかもしれないという
around the tumor
腫瘍周囲を切除して
摘出するべきかということです
脳腫瘍の手術を行う外科医が
have to take every single day
日々 避けて通ることができない
to a few friends of mine in the lab,
こんな会話がありました
there's got to be a better way."
that there's got to be a better way.
あるべきだ」と言う以上の意味です
the sugar and so on.
糖のことなどを思い出してください
instead of using sugar molecules,
「糖分子の代わりに
little particles made of gold,
interesting chemistry around them.
to look for cancer cells.
these gold particles
every single cell in our body
or are you a healthy cell?
それとも正常な細胞?」
we're sticking in and shining out
輝いて こう伝えます
"Hey, look at me, I'm here."
through some interesting cameras
特殊なカメラが
maybe we can guide brain cancer surgeons
脳腫瘍外科医が
and leaving the healthy brain alone.
触れずに済むことでしょう
and boy, this works well.
上手くいきました
into this mouse's brain
前もって小さな腫瘍が
growing in this mouse's brain,
and asked the doctor
こう依頼します
as if that was a patient,
手術してください
out of the tumor.
to see where the gold particles are.
画像を撮り続けます
into this mouse,
right here at the very left there
where the gold particles are.
表しています
is that these gold particles
"Hey, we're here. Here's the tumor."
「ここだ ここに腫瘍があるぞ」
to the doctor yet.
まだこれを見せていません
now please start cutting away the tumor,
「腫瘍の切除を開始して下さい」
just took the first quadrant of the tumor
is now missing.
見て取れます
the second quadrant, the third,
4分の1ずつ切除していき
the doctor came back to us and said,
こう言います
What do you want me to do?
次に何をして欲しいんだい?
some extra margins around?"
切除して欲しいのかい?」
"You've missed those two spots,
「腫瘍が2か所に残っています
and then let's take a look."
また見てみましょう」
and lo and behold,
見事なことに
that the cancer is completely gone
マウスの脳から
ということだけではありません
ということだけではありません
huge amounts of healthy brain
正常な脳をごっそりと切除する―
腫瘍を切除するときに
as they take away a tumor,
そんな世の中を 今では―
have to guess with their thumb.
ありません
to take those tiny little leftover tumors.
理由があります
even if it's just a handful of cells,
それは僅かな数の細胞であったとしても
ultimately fail
extra margins that were left positive,
that were left there.
残されているためです
とても効果的です
is where I think we're heading from here.
その先にめざすものです
what should we be working on now?
次にやるべき研究について考えています
medical imaging is heading to
of these cells separately.
way, way earlier in the process,
ずっと早い段階で
so we can actually do something about it.
何らかの対処が可能となります
of the cells might also allow us
we are now getting to a point
these cancer cells real questions,
to the treatment we are giving you or not?
がん細胞に効果があるのだろうか?
to stop the treatment right away,
治療を始めてから3か月も待たずに
中止することができます
nasty, nasty chemotherapy drugs,
効き目がないにもかかわらず
side effects of the drugs
in fact not even helping them.
from winning the war against cancer,
ほど遠いところにいるというのが
with better medical imaging techniques
がんを「見極める」ことで
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam de la Zerda - Biologist, electrical engineerAdam de la Zerda develops new medical imaging technologies to detect and destroy cancer.
Why you should listen
Adam de la Zerda is an assistant professor at the Departments of Structural Biology and Electrical Engineering (courtesy) at Stanford University – School of Medicine. He completed his undergraduate degree in computer engineering and physics from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in 2005 Summa Cum Laude. He received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 2011, where he developed the Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging technique with Sanjiv Sam Gambhir. He was then a postdoctoral fellow at the lab of Carolyn Bertozzi at UC Berkeley – Chemistry Department, before joining the Stanford faculty in 2012.
de la Zerda's research interests span the broad field of molecular imaging. His lab focuses on developing new optical imaging instrumentation and chemistry tools to study the complex spatiotemporal behavior of biomolecules in living subjects. The lab uses animal models for cancer and ophthalmic diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. His research efforts span both basic science and clinically translatable work.
de la Zerda has received many awards and honors for his work, including the Pew-Stewart Scholar for Cancer Research, the AFOSR Young Investigator Award, Baxter Faculty Scholar Award, Dale F. Frey Award, Forbes Magazine 30 Under 30 in Science and Healthcare for 2012 and 2014, NIH Director’s Early Independence Award, Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship, Era of Hope Distinguished Predoctoral Poster Award, Best Poster Presentation at SPIE Photonics West, the Young Investigator Award at the World Molecular Imaging Congress, the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program Award for Predoctoral researchers, the Bio-X Graduate Student Fellowship and first place at the Bay Area Entrepreneurship Contest. He has published papers in leading journals including Nature Medicine, Nature Nanotechnology and PNAS. He holds a number of patents and is the founder of a medical device company, Click Diagnostics.
Adam de la Zerda | Speaker | TED.com