Robert Waldinger: What makes a good life? Lessons from the longest study on happiness
로버트 월딩어(Robert Waldinger): 어떻게 하면 좋은 삶을 살 수 있을까? 행복 연구가 주는 교훈
Robert Waldinger is the Director of the Harvard Study of Adult Development, one of the most comprehensive longitudinal studies in history. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
건강하고 행복하게 만들까요?
투자하고 싶다면
and your energy?
most important life goals were,
무엇인지 물었을 때
was to get rich.
부자가 되는 것이라고 답했습니다.
of those same young adults
to lean in to work, to push harder
더 열심히 일하고 더 노력하라고,
are the things that we need to go after
세상은 우리를 압박합니다.
and how those choices work out for them,
그 선택의 결과물들을
are almost impossible to get.
to remember the past,
깨우치게 되는 것인데
is anything but 20/20.
그때는 이미 늦죠.
of what happens to us in life,
수많은 일들을 잊어버립니다.
is downright creative.
날조해 버리기도 하죠.
from the time that they were teenagers
온전히 연구해서
happy and healthy?
건강하게 하는지 볼 수 있다면?
of adult life that's ever been done.
인생 연구일 것입니다.
the lives of 724 men,
인생을 추적해 왔습니다.
건강 상태에 관해 설문했죠.
their home lives, their health,
without knowing how their life stories
어떤 모습으로 나타날지는
진행되었습니다.
fall apart within a decade
10년 이내로 끝나고 말죠.
drop out of the study,
사람들이 너무 많거나,
further down the field.
이어받을 사람이 없기 때문입니다.
of several generations of researchers,
60여 명이
연구하기 시작할 것입니다.
of two groups of men.
두 개의 집단을 추적해 왔습니다.
at Harvard College.
2학년일 때였습니다.
during World War II,
대학을 졸업했고,
to serve in the war.
from Boston's poorest neighborhoods,
태어난 소년들이었습니다.
from some of the most troubled
many without hot and cold running water.
빈민가 공동주택에 살았습니다.
and we interviewed their parents.
부모님을 인터뷰하기도 했죠.
grew up into adults
and bricklayers and doctors,
벽돌공, 의사가 되었고,
A few developed schizophrenia.
몇 명은 정신분열증을 얻었습니다.
all the way to the very top,
맨 꼭대기까지 올라갔으며,
in the opposite direction.
인생길을 걸었습니다.
standing here today, 75 years later,
제가 이 자리에 서서
the study still continues.
얘기를 하고 있을 거라고는 말이죠.
and dedicated research staff
헌신적인 연구원들은
and asks them if we can send them
인생에 관한 일련의 설문에
about their lives.
자주 이렇게 묻습니다.
My life just isn't that interesting."
내 인생은 별로 재미도 없는데."
그러지 않지만요.
of these lives,
인터뷰도 하고,
from their doctors.
about their deepest concerns.
그들의 모습을 촬영하기도 합니다.
we finally asked the wives
연구대상의 아내들에게
as members of the study,
"You know, it's about time."
"그럴 때도 됐죠."
from the tens of thousands of pages
이 수만 페이지 짜리의
or fame or working harder and harder.
열심히 노력하는 데 있지 않았습니다.
from this 75-year study is this:
가장 분명한 메시지는
happier and healthier. Period.
행복하게 만든다는 것입니다.
about relationships.
커다란 교훈을 얻었습니다.
are really good for us,
who are more socially connected
and they live longer
더 오래 사는 것으로 나타났습니다.
사람들보다 말이죠.
turns out to be toxic.
드러났습니다.
than they want to be from others
이상으로 고립되어 있는 사람들은
than people who are not lonely.
수명이 짧습니다.
is that at any given time,
조사하든지 간에
will report that they're lonely.
외롭다고 답하리라는 것이죠.
can be lonely in a crowd
고독할 수 있고,
있다는 걸 잘 압니다.
두 번째 커다란 교훈은
the number of friends you have,
you're in a committed relationship,
갖고 있는가가 아니라,
of your close relationships that matters.
중요하다는 것입니다.
of conflict is really bad for our health.
아주 나쁜 것으로 밝혀졌습니다.
without much affection,
갈등만 잦은 결혼은
perhaps worse than getting divorced.
건강에 해로울 수 있다고 합니다.
warm relationships is protective.
건강을 지켜 주지요.
all the way into their 80s,
80대까지 따라가 본 뒤,
into a happy, healthy octogenarian
80대가 될 사람은 누구이고
everything we knew about them
모든 것을 종합해 본 결과
cholesterol levels
were going to grow old.
in their relationships.
만족스러운 관계를 맺고 있느냐였죠.
in their relationships at age 50
가장 높았던 사람들이
seem to buffer us
역할을 해 주는 셈입니다.
of getting old.
배우자 만족도가 높았던
when they had more physical pain,
in unhappy relationships,
reported more physical pain,
더욱 극대화된다고 답했습니다.
about relationships and our health
세 번째 커다란 교훈은
don't just protect our bodies,
in a securely attached relationship
단단히 연결된 관계를 가진 80대는
is protective,
on the other person in times of need,
되어줄 거라고 여기는 사람들은
stay sharper longer.
더 선명하고 오래 간다고 합니다.
can't count on the other one,
earlier memory decline.
they don't have to be smooth all the time.
원만할 필요는 없습니다.
could bicker with each other
80대 부부 중 몇몇은
could really count on the other
의지가 되어줄 거라고
on their memories.
큰 타격을 주지 않았습니다.
are good for our health and well-being,
건강과 행복에 이롭다는 메시지는
and so easy to ignore?
잊어버리기는 쉬울까요?
너무나 좋아합니다.
and keep them that way.
만들어줄 것을 원하죠.
and they're complicated
to family and friends,
계속해야만 합니다. 끝도 없죠.
who were the happiest in retirement
은퇴 후 가장 행복했던 사람들은
to replace workmates with new playmates.
적극적으로 노력했던 사람들입니다.
in that recent survey,
설문에서 답했던 것처럼,
were starting out as young adults
젊은 시절에는 대부분
and high achievement
to have a good life.
진심으로 믿었습니다.
our study has shown
거듭해서 보여주었습니다.
the people who leaned in to relationships,
그들이 의지할
사람들이었다는 것을요.
or you're 40, or you're 60.
혹은 40살이나 60살이라고 할 때
to relationships even look like?
어떤 것이라고 생각하시나요?
are practically endless.
as replacing screen time with people time
사람들과 보내는 시간으로 바꾼다거나
by doing something new together,
새로운 시도를 함께 해 보면서
who you haven't spoken to in years,
연락을 해 볼 수도 있겠죠.
가족간의 불화는
from Mark Twain.
이 강연을 마무리하고 싶습니다.
돌아보며 이렇게 썼습니다.
heartburnings, callings to account.
해명을 요구할 시간이 없다.
so to speak, for that."
with good relationships.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Waldinger - Psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, Zen priestRobert Waldinger is the Director of the Harvard Study of Adult Development, one of the most comprehensive longitudinal studies in history.
Why you should listen
Robert Waldinger is a psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and Zen priest. He is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and directs the Harvard Study of Adult Development, one of the longest-running studies of adult life ever done. The Study tracked the lives of two groups of men for over 75 years, and it now follows their Baby Boomer children to understand how childhood experience reaches across decades to affect health and wellbeing in middle age. He writes about what science and Zen can teach us about healthy human development.
Dr. Waldinger is the author of numerous scientific papers as well as two books. He teaches medical students and psychiatry residents at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, and he is a Senior Dharma Teacher in Boundless Way Zen.
To keep abreast of research findings, insights and more, visit robertwaldinger.com.
Robert Waldinger | Speaker | TED.com