Niti Bhan: The hidden opportunities of the informal economy
Niti Bhan: As oportunidades escondidas da economia informal
Through exploratory and human-centered research, Niti Bhan discovers and makes tangible pragmatic opportunities for sustainable and inclusive value creation. Full bio
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are stereotypically seen
são considerados, segundo o estereótipo,
the word "informal"
é a associação automática que temos
association we have,
and economic losses,
e perdas económicas —
40 a 60% à margem de lucro,
40 to 60 percent of the profit margin
do comércio informal,
the informal trade ecosystem,
dos relatórios e estudos
on cross-border trade in East Africa,
na África Oriental dos últimos 20 anos.
para o trabalho de campo
to understand what was the problem,
ao comércio informal neste setor informal.
in the informal sector.
over the last 20 years was,
ninguém fez a distinção entre ilícito
between illicit --
no setor informal —
in the informal sector --
das laranjas e de outros frutos.
which is the trade or the commerce,
que é a venda ou o comércio,
que é tráfico ou contrabando —
the smuggling or contraband --
of the informal sector,
entre estes aspetos —
between these aspects,
between 60 to 80 percent addition
do crescimento anual do PIB,
de reconhecer o motor dessas economias.
é quatro vezes superior
at four times the rate
como é conhecida.
generation opportunities
para gerar receitas
para as profissões convencionais.
in conventional disciplines.
machine out of an old car?
uma fritadeira de um carro velho?
que falta legitimar urgentemente.
to be recognized.
que isto é um crime,
hold that this is criminal,
do ecossistema económico informal,
the informal economic ecosystem
todas as nossas suposições
all our assumptions,
that we'd gone in on,
dos estudos dos últimos 20 anos.
debaixo de uma árvore,
in a town called Malaba,
na fronteira do Uganda com o Quénia.
from the branches,
wait for customers,
esperar pelos clientes
according to the literature,
com base nos estudos e na investigação,
e criar os filhos sozinha.
mom driven to trade,
as nossas suposições?
government market fees
à autoridade local, todos os dias,
debaixo da árvore.
up shop under her tree.
e passam-lhe recibos.
vulnerável, na berma da estrada.
by the side of the road -- no.
registos de vendas há anos.
who's keeping sales records for years;
de comércio a retalho
of retail that comes in from Uganda
para criar o seu "stock",
bringing the goods in,
para transportar a mercadoria,
who comes to collect cash
o dinheiro, ao fim do dia.
Teresia spends, on average,
gasta, em média,
que recebe de Nairobi?
that she gets from Nairobi?
de 20 000 dólares em bens e serviços
invested in trade goods and services
a intermediária escondida.
de pequenos empresários,
of the small entrepreneurs,
encontrar nestes mercados locais.
in these market towns.
na região fronteiriça de Malaba,
she's at the first rung.
na cadeia do comércio
three lines of business,
três linhas de negócio,
US dollars every month.
that it wasn't the criminalization;
não era a criminalização.
you're charging receipts from.
a quem passamos recibos.
of their skilled occupations.
das suas ocupações.
have no means to recognize them
como microempresas,
não têm endereço postal.
a forwarding address.
of our assumptions.
to help African women traders?
para ajudar comerciantes africanas?
50 dollars or 100 dollars.
O que é que ela pode fazer com isso?
só em compras,
that amount every month
ou o ecossistema de apoio.
the additional services
nem no estereótipo político
neither the policy stereotype
e dos marginalizados,
salaried office worker
administrativos com salários
are allegedly composed of.
a classe média.
são as proto-PMEs,
are the proto-SMEs
do comércio e das empresas
of businesses and enterprises
e que põem a comida na mesa.
the invisible ones --
as pessoas invisíveis
os fabricantes de castiçais —
the candlestick makers --
que fritam as batatas,
that make your french fries
trading across borders,
do comércio fronteiriço
to data gatherers.
a recolha de dados.
with the vast informal sector
do vasto setor informal
e os que fogem ao fisco
between smugglers and tax evaders
de comércio ilegal,
and send their kids to university.
e mandam os filhos para a universidade.
the skills, the occupations?
de capacidades, de ocupações?
começando por esse reconhecimento
by beginning with this recognition
doorways for them to enter
específicas necessárias
global e em todo o sistema.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Niti Bhan - Human-centered strategistThrough exploratory and human-centered research, Niti Bhan discovers and makes tangible pragmatic opportunities for sustainable and inclusive value creation.
Why you should listen
Niti Bhan is a global nomad whose life mission is to bridge the gap of understanding between cultures, contexts and continents. She brings a multicultural perspective to innovation for the informal economies of the emerging markets of the developing world. She is the founder and principal of Emerging Futures Lab, a multidisciplinary team of human-centered researchers, designers, engineers and economists who collaborate on design and innovation strategies for social impact and sustainable profit in the emerging consumer markets of sub-Saharan Africa.
Growing up as a third culture kid in the ASEAN of the 1970s exposed Bhan to the British and American systems of primary and secondary education whilst her university education in Engineering (Bangalore University), Design (National Institute of Design, India & the Institute of Design, IIT Chicago), and Business (majoring in Strategy at the Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh) gave her the experience of living and working across cultures and continents. Emerging Futures Lab came to life in San Francisco in 2005, operated between Singapore, the Netherlands, and East Africa from 2007 through 2013, and is now an established SME in Finland.
Niti Bhan | Speaker | TED.com