ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stanley McChrystal - Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations.

Why you should listen

With a remarkable record of achievement, General Stanley McChrystal has been praised for creating a revolution in warfare that fused intelligence and operations. A four-star general, he is the former commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan and the former leader of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), which oversees the military’s most sensitive forces. McChrystal’s leadership of JSOC is credited with the December 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein and the June 2006 location and killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. McChrystal, a former Green Beret, is known for his candor.

After McChrystal graduated from West Point, he was commissioned as an infantry officer, and spent much of his career commanding special operations and airborne infantry units. During the Persian Gulf War, McChrystal served in a Joint Special Operations Task Force and later commanded the 75th Ranger Regiment. He completed year-long fellowships at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1997 and in 2000 at the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2002, he was appointed chief of staff of military operations in Afghanistan. Two years later, McChrystal was selected to deliver nationally televised Pentagon briefings about military operations in Iraq. From 2003 to 2008, McChrystal commanded JSOC and was responsible for leading the nation’s deployed military counter-terrorism efforts around the globe. He assumed command of all International Forces in Afghanistan in June 2009. President Obama’s order for an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan was based on McChrystal’s assessment of the war there. McChrystal retired from the military in August 2010.

More profile about the speaker
Stanley McChrystal | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Stanley McChrystal: The military case for sharing knowledge

Stanley McChrystal: Împărtãşirea informaţiilor în cadrul militar

Filmed:
1,059,925 views

Când generalul Stanley McChrystal a început să lupte împotriva Al Qaeda în 2003, informaţiile şi secretele reprezentau seva operaţiilor sale. Dar pe măsurã ce lupta neconvenţionalã avansa, a început să-şi dea seama că păstrarea informaţiilor clasificate nu era cea mai potrivită, chiar mai mult, era neproductivă. În acest scurt dar convingător discurs, McChrystal susține importanța împărtăşirii informaţiilor.
- Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations. Full bio

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00:12
When I was a youngtineri officerofiţer, they told me
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Când eram tânăr ofiţer,
00:14
to followurma my instinctsinstincte,
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mi s-a spus să-mi urmez instinctele,
00:16
to go with my gutintestin,
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să am încredere în intuiţie
00:19
and what I've learnedînvățat
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dar am învăţat
00:21
is that oftende multe ori our instinctsinstincte are wronggresit.
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că cel mai adesea instinctele noastre
sunt greşite.
00:25
In the summervară of 2010,
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În vara anului 2010
00:28
there was a massivemasiv leakspărtură of classifiedclasificate documentsdocumente
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am existat o scurgere masivă
de documente clasificate
00:32
that camea venit out of the PentagonPentagonul.
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la Pentagon.
00:35
It shockedșocat the worldlume,
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Acest lucru a şocat lumea,
00:36
it shookscuturat up the AmericanAmerican governmentGuvern,
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a şocat guvernul american
00:38
and it madefăcut people askcere a lot of questionsîntrebări,
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şi a fãcut lumea să-şi pună multe întrebãri
00:40
because the sheerpur amountCantitate of informationinformație
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deoarece cantitatea mare de informaţii
00:43
that was let out, and the potentialpotenţial impactsimpacturi,
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ce s-au scurs şi
impactul potenţial al acestor scurgeri
00:46
were significantsemnificativ.
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erau semnificative.
00:49
And one of the first questionsîntrebări we askedîntrebă ourselvesnoi insine
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Una dinte primele întrebări pe care
ne-am pus-o a fost:
00:53
was why would a youngtineri soldiersoldat have accessacces
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de ce ar avea acces un tânăr soldat
00:56
to that much informationinformație?
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la atât de multe informaţii?
00:59
Why would we let sensitivesensibil things
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De ce am lăsa o persoanã relativ tânără
01:01
be with a relativelyrelativ youngtineri personpersoană?
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sa aibe acces
la atâtea informaţii sensibile?
01:05
In the summervară of 2003, I was assignedalocate to commandcomanda
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În vara anului 2003
am fost însărcinat cu conducerea
01:08
a specialspecial operationsoperațiuni tasksarcină forceforta,
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unei operaţiuni speciale de forță
01:11
and that tasksarcină forceforta was spreadrăspândire acrosspeste the MideastOrientul Mijlociu
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iar această operaţiune se desfăşura
în Orientul Mijlociu
01:13
to fightluptă alal QaedaQaeda.
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pentru a combate Al Qaeda.
01:15
Our mainprincipal effortefort was insideinterior IraqIrak,
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Mare parte din activitate
se desfăşura în Irak,
01:18
and our specifiedspecificate missionmisiune
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iar misiunea noastră concretă
01:20
was to defeatînfrângere alal QaedaQaeda in IraqIrak.
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era sã înfrângem Al Qaeda în Irak.
01:21
For almostaproape fivecinci yearsani I stayedau stat there,
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Am stat acolo aproape cinci ani
01:25
and we focusedconcentrat on fightingluptă a warrăzboi
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şi ne-am concentrat pe lupta într-un război
01:26
that was unconventionalneconvențional and it was difficultdificil
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neconvenţional,
01:31
and it was bloodysângeros
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dificil şi sângeros
01:33
and it oftende multe ori claimeda susţinut its highestcel mai inalt pricePreț
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şi care a cerut destul de des
un preţ prea mare
01:36
amongprintre innocentnevinovat people.
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măsurat în oameni inocenţi.
01:39
We did everything we could
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Am fãcut tot ce am putut
01:42
to stop alal QaedaQaeda
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pentru a opri Al Qaeda
01:44
and the foreignstrăin fightersluptători that
camea venit in as suicidesinucidere bombersbombardiere
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şi pe toţi acei luptãtori străini
care realizau sinucideri cu bombe
01:47
and as accelerantsaccelerants to the violenceviolenţă.
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şi care sporeau violența luptei.
01:52
We honedrectificata our combatluptă skillsaptitudini,
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Ne-am adaptat metodele de luptă
01:54
we developeddezvoltat newnou equipmentechipament,
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am dezvoltat noi echipamente,
01:57
we parachutedparaşutat, we helicopteredhelicoptered,
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am paraşutat, am utilizat elicoptere,
02:00
we tooka luat smallmic boatsbarci, we drovea condus, and we walkedumblat
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am folosit ambarcaţiuni mici,
am condus și am mers
02:02
to objectivesobiectivele night after night to stop
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pentru a ne atinge obiectivele
noapte de noapte,
02:05
the killingucidere that this networkreţea was puttingpunând forwardredirecţiona.
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toate pentru a opri crimele
pe care această reţea le organiza.
02:10
We bledBled,
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Am sângerat,
02:13
we dieddecedat,
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am murit
02:14
and we killeducis to stop that organizationorganizare
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şi am omorât
pentru a opri acea organizaţie
să mai foloseascã violenţa
02:19
from the violenceviolenţă that they were puttingpunând
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02:21
largelyîn mare măsură againstîmpotriva the IraqiIrakian people.
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pe scară largã
împotriva poporului irakian.
02:25
Now, we did what we knewștiut,
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Am făcut ceea ce am ştiut,
02:28
how we had growncrescut up, and
one of the things that we knewștiut,
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ceea ce am fost învăţaţi de mici să facem
şi un lucru pe care le-am ştiut,
02:31
that was in our DNAADN-UL, was secrecysecret.
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pe care-l avem în ADN-ul nostru,
a fost păstrarea secretului.
02:34
It was securitySecuritate. It was protectingprotectoare informationinformație.
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Asta însemna securitate.
Însemna protejarea informaţiilor.
02:36
It was the ideaidee that informationinformație was the lifebloodseva
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Asta însemna că informaţia
e seva vieţii
02:39
and it was what would protectproteja and keep people safesigur.
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ce poate proteja poporul.
02:42
And we had a sensesens that,
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Şi am avut sentimentul că
02:44
as we operatedoperat withinîn our organizationsorganizații,
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în timp ce participăm la operaţiuni
în cadrul organizaţiei noastre,
02:46
it was importantimportant to keep informationinformație
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este important să menţinem informaţia
02:48
in the silossilozuri withinîn the organizationsorganizații,
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secretă în cadrul organizaţiei
02:50
particularlyîn special only give informationinformație
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şi mai ales s-o împărtãşim
02:53
to people had a demonstrateddemonstrat need to know.
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doar cu cei ce au cu adevãrat
nevoie să știe.
02:57
But the questionîntrebare oftende multe ori camea venit, who neededNecesar to know?
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Dar adesea se punea întrebarea:
cine trebuie să știe?
03:02
Who neededNecesar, who had to have the informationinformație
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Cine trebuia să aibă informaţia
pentru a-şi putea realiza partea importantă
a activităţii de care şi tu ai nevoie?
03:05
so that they could do the importantimportant
partspărți of the jobloc de munca that you neededNecesar?
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03:09
And in a tightlystrans coupledcuplat worldlume,
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Iar într-o lume interdependentă,
03:11
that's very hardgreu to predictprezice.
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asta era greu de prezis.
03:13
It's very hardgreu to know who needsare nevoie to have informationinformație
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E foarte greu să ştii
cine are nevoie să aibe o informaţie
03:16
and who doesn't.
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şi cine nu.
03:18
I used to dealafacere with intelligenceinteligență agenciesagentii,
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Lucram cu agenţii de informaţii,
03:20
and I'd complainplânge that they weren'tnu au fost
sharingpartajare enoughdestul intelligenceinteligență,
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şi ma plângeam cã nu împărtãşesc
destul informaţia.
03:22
and with a straightdrept facefață, they'dle-ar
look at me and they'dle-ar say,
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Se uitau drept la mine
şi îmi spuneau:
03:24
"What aren'tnu sunt you gettingobtinerea?" (LaughterRâs)
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„Ce-ţi lipseşte?" (Râsete)
03:26
I said, "If I knewștiut that, we wouldn'tnu ar fi have a problemproblemă."
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Iar eu spuneam:
„Dacã aş ştii ce, nu am avea o problemã".
Am descoperit că trebuia sa ne schimbãm.
03:32
But what we foundgăsite is we had to changeSchimbare.
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03:34
We had to changeSchimbare our culturecultură about informationinformație.
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Trebuia sa schimbãm concepțiile
în ce priveşte informaţia.
03:36
We had to knockbat down wallspereți. We had to shareacțiune.
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Trebuia sã dărâmăm ziduri.
Trebuia sã impãrtăşim.
03:38
We had to changeSchimbare from who needsare nevoie to know
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Trebuia să schimbăm perspectiva
de la „cine are nevoie să știe”
03:41
to the factfapt that who doesn't know,
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la „cine nu știe
03:43
and we need to tell, and tell
them as quicklyrepede as we can.
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şi trebuie să afle
cât mai repede cu putinţă”.
03:46
It was a significantsemnificativ culturecultură shiftschimb for an organizationorganizare
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A fost o modificare de abordare
importantă a organizaţiei noastre
03:49
that had secrecysecret in its DNAADN-UL.
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pentru care păstrarea secretului
era în ADN-ul ei.
03:55
We starteda început by doing things, by buildingclădire,
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Am început să facem modificări,
să construim,
03:57
not workinglucru in officesbirouri,
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să nu mai lucrãm în birouri,
03:59
knockingbate down wallspereți, workinglucru in things we calleddenumit
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să dărâmăm ziduri, să lucrăm în
încăperi pe care le numim
04:00
situationsituatie awarenessconștientizare roomscamere,
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camere de conştientizare a situaţiei,
04:03
and in the summervară of 2007,
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şi, în vara anului 2007,
04:05
something happeneds-a întâmplat whichcare demonstrateddemonstrat this.
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ceva s-a întâmplat.
04:07
We capturedcapturat the personnelpersonal recordsînregistrări
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Capturasem însemnările personale
04:09
for the people who were bringingaducere foreignstrăin fightersluptători
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ale persoanelor
care aduceau luptători străini
04:11
into IraqIrak.
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în Irak.
04:13
And when we got the personnelpersonal recordsînregistrări, typicallytipic,
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Şi în mod normal,
04:15
we would have hiddenascuns these,
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le-am fi ascuns,
04:17
sharedimpartit them with a fewpuțini intelligenceinteligență agenciesagentii,
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le-am fi făcut cunoscute
doar câtorva agenţi de informaţii
04:19
and then try to operatea functiona with them.
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şi aceştia le-ar fi prelucrat.
04:21
But as I was talkingvorbind to my intelligenceinteligență officerofiţer,
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Dar vorbind
cu ofiţerul meu de informaţii,
04:23
I said, "What do we do?"
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am zis „Ce facem?"
04:24
And he said, "Well, you foundgăsite them." Our commandcomanda.
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A spus „Le-am găsit".
Comanda noastră.
04:27
"You can just declassifydeclasificare them."
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„Le puteți declasifica pur şi simplu."
04:29
And I said, "Well, can we declassifydeclasificare them?
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Şi eu am spus „Le putem declasifica?
04:31
What if the enemydusman findsdescoperiri out?"
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Şi dacã inamicul află?"
04:32
And he saysspune, "They're theiral lor personnelpersonal recordsînregistrări."
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A răspus:
„Sunt înregistrările lor personale."
04:34
(LaughterRâs)
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(Râsete)
04:36
So we did,
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Aşa am fãcut,
04:37
and a lot of people got upsetderanjat about that,
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şi multă lume a fost nemulţumită
de acest lucru,
04:39
but as we passeda trecut that informationinformație around,
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dar în timp ce împărtăşeam informaţia,
04:41
suddenlybrusc you find that informationinformație is only of valuevaloare
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am aflat brusc că informaţia are valoare
04:44
if you give it to people who have the abilityabilitate
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doar dacã o dai persoanelor
care au capacitatea
04:46
to do something with it.
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să facã ceva cu aceastã informaţie.
04:48
The factfapt that I know something has zerozero valuevaloare
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Am ştiut că o informaţie n-are valoare
dacă nu sunt eu persoana
care poate face
04:50
if I'm not the personpersoană who can actuallyde fapt
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04:52
make something better because of it.
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ceva bun datorită acestei informaţii.
04:54
So as a consequenceconsecinţă, what we did was
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În consecinţă, am înlocuit
04:56
we changedschimbat the ideaidee of informationinformație,
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dictonul din informaţie
04:59
insteadin schimb of knowledgecunoştinţe is powerputere,
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„cunoaşterea înseamnă putere”
05:01
to one where sharingpartajare is powerputere.
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în „împărtăşirea înseamnã putere.”
05:04
It was the fundamentalfundamental shiftschimb,
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Asta a fost modificarea fundamentală,
05:06
not newnou tacticsTactica, not newnou weaponsarme,
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nu tactici noi, nu arme noi,
05:08
not newnou anything elsealtfel.
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nu altceva.
05:10
It was the ideaidee that we were now partparte of a teamechipă
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A fost ideea că acum facem parte
dintr-o echipă
05:12
in whichcare informationinformație becamea devenit the essentialesenţial linklegătură
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în care informaţia devine
o legătură esenţială
05:15
betweenîntre us, not a blockbloc betweenîntre us.
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între membrii echipei, nu o piedică.
05:19
And I want everybodytoata lumea to take a deepadâncime breathsuflare
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Acum vreau ca toatã lumea sãărespire adânc
05:22
and let it out,
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şi să lase informaţia să iasã
05:24
because in your life, there's going to be informationinformație
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pentru că în viaţa fiecăruia,
va exista mereu o informaţie
05:26
that leaksscurgeri out you're not going to like.
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care, odată aflată, nu v-a fi plăcutã.
05:28
Somebody'sCineva pe going to get my collegecolegiu gradesnote out,
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Cineva o să afle despre
notele mele din facultate,
05:30
a that's going to be a disasterdezastru. (LaughterRâs)
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asta o să fie un dezastru. (Râsete)
05:34
But it's going to be okay, and I will tell you that
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Dar o să fie bine şi îţi spun
05:38
I am more scaredînspăimântat of the bureaucratbirocrat
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că sunt mai speriat de birocratul care
05:41
that holdsdeține informationinformație in a deskbirou drawersertar
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ţine informaţii într-un sertar de birou
05:43
or in a safesigur than I am of someonecineva who leaksscurgeri,
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sau într-un seif decât de cineva
care împărtăşeşte informaţiile,
05:46
because ultimatelyîn cele din urmă, we'llbine be better off if we shareacțiune.
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pentru cã, în final,
o să ne fie mai bine dacă împărtăşim.
05:49
Thank you.
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Vă mulţumesc.
(Aplauze)
05:51
(ApplauseAplauze)
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05:57
HelenHelen WaltersWalters: So I don't know if
you were here this morningdimineaţă,
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Helen Walters: Nu ştiu
dacă aţi fost aici azi dimineaţã,
05:59
if you were ablecapabil to catchcaptură RickRick LedgettLedgett,
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dacă l-aţi văzut pe Rick Ledgett,
06:01
the deputyadjunct al directordirector of the NSANSA
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directorul adjunct al NSA
06:03
who was respondingrăspunde to EdwardEdward
Snowden'sSnowden pe talk earliermai devreme this weeksăptămână.
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care a răspuns la discursul
lui Edward Snowden.
06:07
I just wondermirare, do you think the AmericanAmerican governmentGuvern
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Mã întrebam,
credeţi că guvernul american
06:09
should give EdwardEdward SnowdenSnowden amnestyamnistia?
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ar trebui să acorde amnistia
lui Edward Snowden?
06:12
StanleyStanley McChrystalMcChrystal: I think that
RickRick said something very importantimportant.
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Stanley McChrystal:
Cred că Rick a spus ceva foarte important.
06:14
We, mostcel mai people, don't know all the factsfapte.
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Noi, majoritatea oamenilor,
nu cunoaştem toate faptele.
06:17
I think there are two partspărți of this.
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Cred că sunt doua aspecte importante.
06:18
EdwardEdward SnowdenSnowden shinedstralucit a
lightușoară on an importantimportant need
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Edward Snowden a atras atenţia
asupra unei nevoi importante
06:22
that people had to understanda intelege.
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pe care oamenii trebuie s-o înţeleagă.
06:23
He alsode asemenea tooka luat a lot of documentsdocumente that he didn't have
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A luat documente
06:26
the knowledgecunoştinţe to know the importanceimportanţă of,
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despre a căror importanță nu știam,
06:29
so I think we need to learnînvăța the factsfapte about this casecaz
145
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deci trebuie sã aflãm
faptele legate de acest caz
06:31
before we make snapagrafă judgmentsjudecăți
146
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1547
înainte de a adopta idei preconcepute
06:33
about EdwardEdward SnowdenSnowden.
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despre Edward Snowden.
06:35
HWHW: Thank you so much. Thank you.
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HW: Vă mulţumesc mult.
06:37
(ApplauseAplauze)
149
385669
1918
(Aplauze)
Translated by Daniela Marin
Reviewed by Ariana Bleau Lugo

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stanley McChrystal - Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations.

Why you should listen

With a remarkable record of achievement, General Stanley McChrystal has been praised for creating a revolution in warfare that fused intelligence and operations. A four-star general, he is the former commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan and the former leader of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), which oversees the military’s most sensitive forces. McChrystal’s leadership of JSOC is credited with the December 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein and the June 2006 location and killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. McChrystal, a former Green Beret, is known for his candor.

After McChrystal graduated from West Point, he was commissioned as an infantry officer, and spent much of his career commanding special operations and airborne infantry units. During the Persian Gulf War, McChrystal served in a Joint Special Operations Task Force and later commanded the 75th Ranger Regiment. He completed year-long fellowships at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1997 and in 2000 at the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2002, he was appointed chief of staff of military operations in Afghanistan. Two years later, McChrystal was selected to deliver nationally televised Pentagon briefings about military operations in Iraq. From 2003 to 2008, McChrystal commanded JSOC and was responsible for leading the nation’s deployed military counter-terrorism efforts around the globe. He assumed command of all International Forces in Afghanistan in June 2009. President Obama’s order for an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan was based on McChrystal’s assessment of the war there. McChrystal retired from the military in August 2010.

More profile about the speaker
Stanley McChrystal | Speaker | TED.com

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