ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stanley McChrystal - Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations.

Why you should listen

With a remarkable record of achievement, General Stanley McChrystal has been praised for creating a revolution in warfare that fused intelligence and operations. A four-star general, he is the former commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan and the former leader of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), which oversees the military’s most sensitive forces. McChrystal’s leadership of JSOC is credited with the December 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein and the June 2006 location and killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. McChrystal, a former Green Beret, is known for his candor.

After McChrystal graduated from West Point, he was commissioned as an infantry officer, and spent much of his career commanding special operations and airborne infantry units. During the Persian Gulf War, McChrystal served in a Joint Special Operations Task Force and later commanded the 75th Ranger Regiment. He completed year-long fellowships at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1997 and in 2000 at the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2002, he was appointed chief of staff of military operations in Afghanistan. Two years later, McChrystal was selected to deliver nationally televised Pentagon briefings about military operations in Iraq. From 2003 to 2008, McChrystal commanded JSOC and was responsible for leading the nation’s deployed military counter-terrorism efforts around the globe. He assumed command of all International Forces in Afghanistan in June 2009. President Obama’s order for an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan was based on McChrystal’s assessment of the war there. McChrystal retired from the military in August 2010.

More profile about the speaker
Stanley McChrystal | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Stanley McChrystal: The military case for sharing knowledge

Stenli Mekkristal (Stanley McChrystal): Vojni slučaj u korist deljenja informacija

Filmed:
1,059,925 views

Kada je general Stenli Mekkristal počeo da se bori protiv Al Kaide 2003, informacija i tajne su bile žila kucavica njegovih operacija. Ali kako se neuobičajena bitka odvijala, počeo je da razmišlja kako je kultura sakrivanja informacija pogrešna i zapravo kontraproduktivna. U kratkom ali moćnom govoru Mekkristal zagovara aktivno deljenje znanja.
- Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When I was a youngмлади officerофицир, they told me
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Kao mladom oficiru govorili su mi
00:14
to followпратити my instinctsинстинкти,
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da pratim svoje instinkte,
00:16
to go with my gutгут,
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da se oslanjam na svoju intuiciju,
00:19
and what I've learnedнаучио
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i ono što sam naučio je
00:21
is that oftenчесто our instinctsинстинкти are wrongпогрешно.
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da su često naši instinkti pogrešni.
00:25
In the summerлето of 2010,
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Na leto 2010.
00:28
there was a massiveмасивни leakцурење of classifiedklasifikovan documentsдокументи
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ogromna količina poverljivih dokumenata
procurela je u javnost
00:32
that cameДошао out of the PentagonPentagon.
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zahvaljujući izvoru iz Pentagona.
00:35
It shockedшокиран the worldсвет,
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Svet je bio šokiran,
00:36
it shookprotresao up the AmericanAmerikanac governmentвлада,
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vlada SAD je bila uzdrmana,
00:38
and it madeмаде people askпитати a lot of questionsпитања,
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ljudi su počeli
da postavljaju mnogo pitanja,
00:40
because the sheerчисто amountизнос of informationинформације
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jer su količina procurelih informacija
00:43
that was let out, and the potentialпотенцијал impactsутицаји,
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i potencijalne implikacije
bile značajni.
00:46
were significantзначајно.
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00:49
And one of the first questionsпитања we askedпитао ourselvesсами
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I jedno od prvih pitanja
koje smo sebi postavili
00:53
was why would a youngмлади soldierвојник have accessприступ
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je zašto bi mladi vojnik imao pristup
00:56
to that much informationинформације?
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tolikim informacijama?
00:59
Why would we let sensitiveосетљив things
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Zašto bismo dozvolili
da tako osetljive stvari
01:01
be with a relativelyрелативно youngмлади personособа?
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budu u rukama relativno mlade osobe?
01:05
In the summerлето of 2003, I was assignedдодељен to commandкоманда
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Leta 2003. mi je dodeljena komanda
01:08
a specialпосебан operationsоперације taskзадатак forceсила,
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nad specijalnom jedinicom,
i ta jedinica je bila poslata
širom Bliskog istoka
01:11
and that taskзадатак forceсила was spreadширити acrossпреко the MideastMideast
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01:13
to fightборба alал QaedaKaida.
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da se bori protiv Al Kaide.
01:15
Our mainглавни effortнапор was insideу IraqIrak,
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Naš glavni napor je bio u Iraku,
01:18
and our specifiedNavedena missionмисија
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i naša specifična misija
01:20
was to defeatпораз alал QaedaKaida in IraqIrak.
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je bila da porazimo Al Kaidu u Iraku.
01:21
For almostскоро fiveпет yearsгодине I stayedостао there,
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Skoro pet godina sam bio tamo
01:25
and we focusedфокусиран on fightingборбе a warрат
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i fokusirali smo se na vođenje rata
01:26
that was unconventionalнеконвенционално and it was difficultтешко
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koji je bio nekonvencionalan i težak
01:31
and it was bloodyкрваво
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i bio je krvav
01:33
and it oftenчесто claimedtvrdio its highestнајвише priceЦена
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i često je uzimao najveći danak
01:36
amongмеђу innocentневин people.
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od nedužnih ljudi.
01:39
We did everything we could
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Radili smo sve što smo mogli
01:42
to stop alал QaedaKaida
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da zaustavimo Al Kaidu
01:44
and the foreignстрани fightersборци that
cameДошао in as suicideсамоубиство bombersбомбардери
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i strane borce koji su dolazili
kao bombaši samoubice
01:47
and as accelerantskatalizatore to the violenceнасиље.
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i potpirivači nasilja.
01:52
We honedizbrusio our combatборба skillsвештине,
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Usavršili smo svoje borbene veštine,
01:54
we developedразвијен newново equipmentопрема,
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razvijali smo novu opremu,
01:57
we parachutedpadobranom, we helicopteredhelicoptered,
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iskakali smo padobranima,
spuštali se helikopterima,
02:00
we tookузела smallмали boatsчамци, we droveвозио, and we walkedходао
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putovali čamcima, vozilima, i pešačili smo
02:02
to objectivesciljevi night after night to stop
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do ciljeva svake noći da zaustavimo
02:05
the killingубијање that this networkмрежа was puttingстављање forwardнапред.
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ubijanje koje je ova mreža pripremala.
02:10
We blediskrvario,
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Krvarili smo,
02:13
we diedумро,
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umirali smo
02:14
and we killedубијен to stop that organizationорганизација
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i ubijali smo da zaustavimo
ovu organizaciju
02:19
from the violenceнасиље that they were puttingстављање
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i nasilje koje su pripremali
02:21
largelyу великој мери againstпротив the IraqiIrački people.
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pretežno protiv iračkog naroda.
02:25
Now, we did what we knewзнала,
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Radili smo ono što smo znali,
02:28
how we had grownодрастао up, and
one of the things that we knewзнала,
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kako smo odrasli,
i jedna od stvari koje smo znali,
02:31
that was in our DNADNK, was secrecyтајност.
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što nam je u krvi, je tajnost.
To je bila bezbednost.
Zaštita informacija.
02:34
It was securityсигурност. It was protectingзаштита informationинформације.
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02:36
It was the ideaидеја that informationинформације was the lifebloodkrvotok
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To je bila ideja da je
informacija žila kucavica
02:39
and it was what would protectзаштитити and keep people safeсигурно.
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i da je ona ta koja će
zaštititi i sačuvati ljudstvo.
02:42
And we had a senseсмисао that,
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I imali smo osećaj da je,
02:44
as we operatedуправља withinу склопу our organizationsорганизације,
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dok smo operisali
unutar svojih organizacija,
02:46
it was importantважно to keep informationинформације
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važno da se informacija čuva
02:48
in the silosсилоси withinу склопу the organizationsорганизације,
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unutar okvira organizacije,
02:50
particularlyпосебно only give informationинформације
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pre svega da se daje informacija
02:53
to people had a demonstratedдемонстрирано need to know.
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ljudima kojima ta informacija
zapravo treba.
02:57
But the questionпитање oftenчесто cameДошао, who neededпотребно to know?
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Ali često bi se postavilo pitanje,
kome treba ta informacija?
03:02
Who neededпотребно, who had to have the informationинформације
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Kome je bila neophodna,
ko je morao da ima tu informaciju
03:05
so that they could do the importantважно
partsделови of the jobпосао that you neededпотребно?
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da može da obavi bitne delove posla
koji su potrebni da se obave?
03:09
And in a tightlyчврсто coupledu kombinaciji worldсвет,
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A u svetu tesne saradnje
03:11
that's very hardтешко to predictпредвидети.
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to je veoma teško predvideti.
03:13
It's very hardтешко to know who needsпотребе to have informationинформације
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Veoma je teško znati
kome treba ta informacija
03:16
and who doesn't.
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a kome ne.
Ranije sam sarađivao
sa obaveštajnim agencijama,
03:18
I used to dealдоговор with intelligenceинтелигенција agenciesагенције,
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03:20
and I'd complainжалите се that they weren'tнису
sharingдељење enoughдовољно intelligenceинтелигенција,
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i žalio bih se da ne dele
dovoljno obaveštajnih podataka,
03:22
and with a straightравно faceлице, they'dони би
look at me and they'dони би say,
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mrtvi ozbiljni bi me pogledali i rekli:
03:24
"What aren'tнису you gettingдобијања?" (LaughterSmeh)
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"Šta ne dobijaš?" (Smeh)
03:26
I said, "If I knewзнала that, we wouldn'tне би have a problemпроблем."
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Rekao bih im: "Kada bih to znao,
ne bismo imali problem."
Otkrili smo da smo morali
da uvedemo promene.
03:32
But what we foundнашао is we had to changeпромена.
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03:34
We had to changeпромена our cultureкултура about informationинформације.
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Da promenimo
našu kulturu informacija.
03:36
We had to knockKucaj down wallsзидови. We had to shareОбјави.
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Morali smo da srušimo zadove.
Da delimo.
03:38
We had to changeпромена from who needsпотребе to know
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Morali smo da se promenimo
sa ko mora da zna
03:41
to the factчињеница that who doesn't know,
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na činjenicu da ko ne zna,
03:43
and we need to tell, and tell
them as quicklyбрзо as we can.
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a treba da zna,
treba da mu kažemo što pre.
03:46
It was a significantзначајно cultureкултура shiftсмена for an organizationорганизација
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To je bila značajna kulturalna promena
za našu organizaciju
03:49
that had secrecyтајност in its DNADNK.
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kojoj je tajnovitost u krvi.
Počeli smo tako što smo počeli
da radimo stvari, da gradimo,
03:55
We startedпочела by doing things, by buildingзграде,
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prestali smo da radimo u kancelarijama,
03:57
not workingрад in officesканцеларије,
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03:59
knockingkuca down wallsзидови, workingрад in things we calledпозвани
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rušili smo zidove, radili smo u nečemu
04:00
situationситуација awarenessсвесност roomsСобе,
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što smo zvali
prostorijama za situacionu svest,
04:03
and in the summerлето of 2007,
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i na leto 2007. dogodilo se nešto
04:05
something happenedдесило whichкоја demonstratedдемонстрирано this.
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što je demonstriralo to.
04:07
We capturedзаробљен the personnelosoblje recordsзаписи
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Zarobili smo lične dosijee
04:09
for the people who were bringingдоносећи foreignстрани fightersборци
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ljudi koji su uvodili strane borce
04:11
into IraqIrak.
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u Irak.
I kada bismo se dočepali dosijea,
04:13
And when we got the personnelosoblje recordsзаписи, typicallyобично,
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04:15
we would have hiddenсакривен these,
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obično bismo ih sakrili,
04:17
sharedдељени them with a fewнеколико intelligenceинтелигенција agenciesагенције,
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podelili sa nekoliko
obaveštajnih agencija,
04:19
and then try to operateрадити with them.
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i potom pokušali da radimo sa njima.
04:21
But as I was talkingпричају to my intelligenceинтелигенција officerофицир,
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Ali dok sam razgovarao
sa obaveštajnim oficirom,
04:23
I said, "What do we do?"
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rekao sam: "Šta da radimo?"
04:24
And he said, "Well, you foundнашао them." Our commandкоманда.
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A on je rekao: "Pa ti si ih našao"
Naša komanda.
"Možemo prosto da skinemo
oznaku poverljivosti sa njih."
04:27
"You can just declassifydeklasifikuje them."
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04:29
And I said, "Well, can we declassifydeklasifikuje them?
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A ja sam rekao: "Možemo li da uradimo to?
04:31
What if the enemyнепријатеља findsфиндс out?"
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Šta ako neprijatelj sazna?"
04:32
And he saysкаже, "They're theirњихова personnelosoblje recordsзаписи."
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A on mi reče:
"To su njihovi lični dosijei."
04:34
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
To smo i uradili,
04:36
So we did,
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04:37
and a lot of people got upsetузнемирен about that,
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I mnogo ljudi se uznemirilo zbog toga,
04:39
but as we passedположио that informationинформације around,
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ali kako smo delili okolo te informacije,
04:41
suddenlyизненада you find that informationинформације is only of valueвредност
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iznenada smo shvatili
da je informacija od vrednosti
04:44
if you give it to people who have the abilityспособност
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samo ako je date ljudima
koji imaju mogućnost
04:46
to do something with it.
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da nešto urade sa njom.
04:48
The factчињеница that I know something has zeroнула valueвредност
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Činjenica da nešto znam
nema nikakvu vrednost
04:50
if I'm not the personособа who can actuallyзаправо
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ako nisam osoba koja zapravo
04:52
make something better because of it.
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može da nešto poboljša
zahvaljujući tom znanju.
04:54
So as a consequenceпоследица, what we did was
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Posledica toga je da smo
04:56
we changedпромењено the ideaидеја of informationинформације,
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promenili ideju informacije,
04:59
insteadуместо тога of knowledgeзнање is powerмоћ,
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sa "znanje je moć"
05:01
to one where sharingдељење is powerмоћ.
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u "deljenje je moć".
05:04
It was the fundamentalфундаментално shiftсмена,
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To je bila fundamentalna promena,
05:06
not newново tacticstaktika, not newново weaponsоружје,
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a ne nove taktike, ne nova oružja,
05:08
not newново anything elseдруго.
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niti bilo šta drugo novo.
05:10
It was the ideaидеја that we were now partдео of a teamтим
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To je bila ideja da smo sada deo tima
05:12
in whichкоја informationинформације becameпостао the essentialесенцијално linkлинк
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gde je informacija bitna veza
05:15
betweenизмеђу us, not a blockблокирати betweenизмеђу us.
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između nas, a ne barijera među nama.
05:19
And I want everybodyсвима to take a deepдубоко breathдах
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I hoću da svi duboko udahnete
05:22
and let it out,
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i da izdahnete,
05:24
because in your life, there's going to be informationинформације
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zato što će u vašem životu
biti informacija
05:26
that leaksцурења out you're not going to like.
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koje će iscureti,
što vam se neće svideti.
05:28
Somebody'sNeko je going to get my collegeколеџ gradesocene out,
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Neko će objaviti moje ocene sa fakulteta
05:30
a that's going to be a disasterкатастрофа. (LaughterSmeh)
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i to će biti katastrofa. (Smeh)
05:34
But it's going to be okay, and I will tell you that
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Ali biće u redu, i reći ću vam
05:38
I am more scaredуплашен of the bureaucratbirokrata
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da se više plašim birokrate
05:41
that holdsдржи informationинформације in a deskрадни сто drawerладица
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koji drži informacije u fioci ili u sefu
nego što se plašim
nekoga ko pusti informaciju u javnost,
05:43
or in a safeсигурно than I am of someoneнеко who leaksцурења,
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05:46
because ultimatelyна крају, we'llдобро be better off if we shareОбјави.
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jer na kraju krajeva biće nam bolje
ako delimo informaciju.
05:49
Thank you.
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Hvala.
(Aplauz)
05:51
(ApplauseAplauz)
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Helen Volters:
Ne znam da li ste bili ovde jutros,
05:57
HelenHelen WaltersWalters: So I don't know if
you were here this morningјутро,
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05:59
if you were ableу могуцности to catchулов RickRick LedgettLedgett,
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da li ste uspeli da vidite Rika Ledžeta,
06:01
the deputyPomoćnik directorдиректор of the NSANSA
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zamenika direktora NSA,
06:03
who was respondingодговара to EdwardEdvard
Snowden'sGde su ostali talk earlierраније this weekНедеља.
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koji je odgovarao na govor
Edvarda Snoudena ranije ove nedelje.
06:07
I just wonderпитати се, do you think the AmericanAmerikanac governmentвлада
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Pitam se, da li mislite da vlada SAD
06:09
should give EdwardEdvard SnowdenSnowden amnestyамнестија?
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treba da da Edvardu Snoudenu amnestiju?
06:12
StanleyStanley McChrystalMcChrystal: I think that
RickRick said something very importantважно.
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Stenli Mekkristal:
Mislim da je Rik rekao nešto veoma važno.
06:14
We, mostнајвише people, don't know all the factsчињенице.
139
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2620
Mi, većina ljudi, ne znamo sve činjenice.
06:17
I think there are two partsделови of this.
140
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1352
Mislim da ovo ima dva dela.
06:18
EdwardEdvard SnowdenSnowden shinedIzglancao a
lightсветло on an importantважно need
141
366553
3740
Edvard Snouden je skrenuo pažnju
na važnu potrebu
06:22
that people had to understandРазумем.
142
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1490
koju ljudi moraju da razumeju.
06:23
He alsoтакође tookузела a lot of documentsдокументи that he didn't have
143
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2982
Takođe je uzeo puno dokumenata
za koje nije imao svest o značaju,
06:26
the knowledgeзнање to know the importanceзначај of,
144
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2592
tako da mislim da treba da saznamo
sve činjenice o ovom slučaju
06:29
so I think we need to learnучи the factsчињенице about this caseслучај
145
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2433
06:31
before we make snapснап judgmentsпресуде
146
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1547
pre nego što prenaglimo sa zaključcima
06:33
about EdwardEdvard SnowdenSnowden.
147
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o Edvardu Snoudenu.
06:35
HWHW: Thank you so much. Thank you.
148
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2184
HV: Mnogo Vam hvala. Hvala.
06:37
(ApplauseAplauz)
149
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1918
(Aplauz)
Translated by Nemanja Aleksic
Reviewed by Mile Živković

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stanley McChrystal - Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations.

Why you should listen

With a remarkable record of achievement, General Stanley McChrystal has been praised for creating a revolution in warfare that fused intelligence and operations. A four-star general, he is the former commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan and the former leader of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), which oversees the military’s most sensitive forces. McChrystal’s leadership of JSOC is credited with the December 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein and the June 2006 location and killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. McChrystal, a former Green Beret, is known for his candor.

After McChrystal graduated from West Point, he was commissioned as an infantry officer, and spent much of his career commanding special operations and airborne infantry units. During the Persian Gulf War, McChrystal served in a Joint Special Operations Task Force and later commanded the 75th Ranger Regiment. He completed year-long fellowships at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1997 and in 2000 at the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2002, he was appointed chief of staff of military operations in Afghanistan. Two years later, McChrystal was selected to deliver nationally televised Pentagon briefings about military operations in Iraq. From 2003 to 2008, McChrystal commanded JSOC and was responsible for leading the nation’s deployed military counter-terrorism efforts around the globe. He assumed command of all International Forces in Afghanistan in June 2009. President Obama’s order for an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan was based on McChrystal’s assessment of the war there. McChrystal retired from the military in August 2010.

More profile about the speaker
Stanley McChrystal | Speaker | TED.com