TED2009
Sylvia Earle: My wish: Protect our oceans
TED Prize, nagradna želja Sylvie Earle za zaščito naših oceanov
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Legendarna raziskovalka oceanov Sylvia Earle z nami deli presenetljive slike oceanov - in pretresljive podatke o njihovem hitrem propadanju - medtem ko izreka svojo TED Prize željo: da bi se ji pridružili pri zaščiti tega ključnega modrega srca našega planeta.
Sylvia Earle - Oceanographer
Sylvia Earle has been at the forefront of ocean exploration for more than four decades. The winner of the 2009 TED Prize, she's a tireless advocate for our oceans. Full bio
Sylvia Earle has been at the forefront of ocean exploration for more than four decades. The winner of the 2009 TED Prize, she's a tireless advocate for our oceans. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:21
Fifty years ago, when I began exploring the ocean,
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Pred petdesetimi leti, ko sem začela raziskovati oceane,
00:24
no one -- not Jacques Perrin, not Jacques Cousteau or Rachel Carson --
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si nihče – niti Jacques Perrin, Jacques Cousteau ali Rachel Carson --
00:30
imagined that we could do anything to harm the ocean
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ni predstavljal, da lahko prizadanemo oceane
00:33
by what we put into it or by what we took out of it.
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s tem kar vanje spuščamo ali s tem kar iz njih jemljemo.
00:36
It seemed, at that time, to be a sea of Eden,
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Tedaj je bilo morje kot iz raja,
00:39
but now we know, and now we are facing paradise lost.
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a danes vemo, da je ta raj izgubljen.
00:45
I want to share with you
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Z vami bi rada delila
00:48
my personal view of changes in the sea that affect all of us,
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moj osebni pogled na spremembe v morjih, ki se dotikajo vseh nas
00:51
and to consider why it matters that in 50 years, we've lost --
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in vam ponazoriti zakaj se je pomembno zavedati, da smo v 50 letih izgubili –
00:55
actually, we've taken, we've eaten --
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pravzaprav smo vzeli, pojedli –
00:58
more than 90 percent of the big fish in the sea;
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več kot 90 odstotkov velikih rib iz oceanov,
01:01
why you should care that nearly half of the coral reefs have disappeared;
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zakaj nas bi moralo skrbeti, da je izginila skoraj polovica koralnih grebenov,
01:05
why a mysterious depletion of oxygen in large areas of the Pacific
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zakaj bi pomanjkanje kisika na velikih območjih Tihega oceana
01:11
should concern not only the creatures that are dying,
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moralo skrbeti ne le bitj, ki umirajo,
01:14
but it really should concern you.
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ampak tudi vas.
01:17
It does concern you, as well.
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Kajti to zadeva nas vse.
01:19
I'm haunted by the thought of what Ray Anderson calls "tomorrow's child,"
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Preganja me misel, ki jo Ray Anderson imenuje »jutrišnji otrok«,
01:24
asking why we didn't do something on our watch
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ki nas sprašuje, zakaj med našo izmeno straže nismo česa ukrenili
01:28
to save sharks and bluefin tuna and squids and coral reefs and the living ocean
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za ohranitev morskih psov, modroplavutih tunov, koralnih grebenov in živega oceana
01:33
while there still was time.
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dokler je bilo to še mogoče.
01:35
Well, now is that time.
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Torej, zdaj je tisti pravi čas!
01:38
I hope for your help
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Računam na vašo pomoč
01:41
to explore and protect the wild ocean
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pri raziskovanju in zaščiti oceanov,
01:44
in ways that will restore the health and,
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da se jim povrne zdravje
01:47
in so doing, secure hope for humankind.
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in s tem zagotoviti upanje za človeštvo.
01:51
Health to the ocean means health for us.
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Zdravje oceanov pomeni tudi zdravje za vse nas.
01:54
And I hope Jill Tarter's wish to engage Earthlings includes dolphins and whales
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Upam tudi, da želja Jill Tarter po sodelovanju zemljanov vključuje tudi delfine, kite
02:01
and other sea creatures
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in druga morska bitja
02:03
in this quest to find intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.
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v iskanju inteligentnega življenja drugod v vesolju.
02:06
And I hope, Jill, that someday
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Jill, upam da bomo nekega dne
02:09
we will find evidence that there is intelligent life among humans on this planet.
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našli dokaze o inteligentnemu življenju tudi med ljudmi na tem našem planetu.
02:16
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:18
Did I say that? I guess I did.
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To sem rekla? Najbrž res.
02:23
For me, as a scientist,
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Zame, kot znanstvenico,
02:26
it all began in 1953
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se je vse začelo leta 1953,
02:29
when I first tried scuba.
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ko sem se prvič potapljala.
02:32
It's when I first got to know fish swimming
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Bilo je prvič, da sem zagledala ribe plavati
02:35
in something other than lemon slices and butter.
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v nečem, kar niso rezinice limone in masla.
02:38
I actually love diving at night;
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Rada se potapljam ponoči.
02:41
you see a lot of fish then that you don't see in the daytime.
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Vidiš veliko rib, ki jih podnevi ne moreš.
02:44
Diving day and night was really easy for me in 1970,
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Potapljati se podnevi in ponoči je bilo zame res enostavno leta 1970,
02:48
when I led a team of aquanauts living underwater for weeks at a time --
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ko sem vodila skupino akvanavtov, ki so več tednov živeli pod vodo,
02:53
at the same time that astronauts were putting their footprints on the moon.
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medtem ko so astronavti puščali svoje stopinje na Luni.
03:00
In 1979 I had a chance to put my footprints on the ocean floor
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Leta 1979 sem imela priložnost pustiti svoje stopinje na dnu oceana
03:04
while using this personal submersible called Jim.
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z uporabo tega skafandra imenovanega Jim.
03:07
It was six miles offshore and 1,250 feet down.
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Bilo je 10 kilometrov od obale in 400m globoko.
03:11
It's one of my favorite bathing suits.
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To so ene mojih najljubših kopalk.
03:16
Since then, I've used about 30 kinds of submarines
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Od tedaj sem uporabljala približno 30 različic podmornic
03:20
and I've started three companies and a nonprofit foundation called Deep Search
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in ustanovila tri podjetja ter neprofitno združenje Deep Search,
03:23
to design and build systems
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da bi razvijali in izdelovali sisteme,
03:26
to access the deep sea.
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s katerimi bi dostopali v globine oceana.
03:28
I led a five-year National Geographic expedition,
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Vodila sem petletno ekspedicijo National Geographica,
03:31
the Sustainable Seas expeditions,
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in ekspedicije Trajnostna morja,
03:34
using these little subs.
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na katerih smo uporabljali te male podmornice.
03:36
They're so simple to drive that even a scientist can do it.
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Tako enostavne so za upravljanje, da jih celo znanstvenik obvlada.
03:39
And I'm living proof.
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In sama sem živ dokaz.
03:41
Astronauts and aquanauts alike
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Astronavti in akvanavti enako
03:43
really appreciate the importance of air, food, water, temperature --
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cenijo pomembnost zraka, hrane, vode, temperature,
03:48
all the things you need to stay alive in space or under the sea.
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vseh pogojev za ohranitev življenja v vesolju ali pod vodo.
03:52
I heard astronaut Joe Allen explain
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Slišala sem astronavta Joeja Allena razlagati,
03:55
how he had to learn everything he could about his life support system
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kako se je moral naučiti vsega mogočega o napravi, ki je ohranjanjala njegove življenjske funkcije,
03:58
and then do everything he could
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in kako je moral potem početi vse mogoče,
04:01
to take care of his life support system;
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da je skrbel zanjo.
04:04
and then he pointed to this and he said, "Life support system."
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Potem pa je pokazal na tole in dejal: "Sistem za ohranjanje življenja."
04:09
We need to learn everything we can about it
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Moramo ga spoznati v podrobnosti in storiti
04:12
and do everything we can to take care of it.
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vse kar moremo v skrbi zanj.
04:15
The poet Auden said, "Thousands have lived without love;
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Pesnik Auden je dejal: "Tisoči so živeli brez ljubezni.
04:19
none without water."
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Nihče brez vode."
04:22
Ninety-seven percent of Earth's water is ocean.
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Sedemindevetdeset odstotkov vode na Zemlji je v oceanih.
04:25
No blue, no green.
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Brez modrine ni zelenja.
04:28
If you think the ocean isn't important,
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Če mislite, da ocean ni pomemben,
04:30
imagine Earth without it.
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si predstavljajte Zemljo brez njega.
04:33
Mars comes to mind.
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Na misel mi pride Mars.
04:35
No ocean, no life support system.
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Brez oceana. Brez sistema za ohranjanje življenja.
04:37
I gave a talk not so long ago at the World Bank
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Nedavno sem predavala na Svetovni banki
04:40
and I showed this amazing image of Earth
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in pokazala tole čudovito sliko Zemlje
04:43
and I said, "There it is! The World Bank!"
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z besedami, "Tukaj je! To je Svetovna Banka!"
04:46
That's where all the assets are!
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Tukaj so vsa sredstva!
04:52
And we've been trawling them down
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In mi jih izrabljamo
04:55
much faster than the natural systems can replenish them.
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veliko hitreje kot jih naravni sistemi lahko obnavljajo.
04:58
Tim Worth says the economy is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the environment.
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Tim Worth pravi, da je gospodarstvo hčerinsko podjetje v stoodstotni lasti okolja.
05:01
With every drop of water you drink,
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Z vsako kapljo popite vode,
05:03
every breath you take,
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vsakim vdihom zraka,
05:05
you're connected to the sea.
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smo povezani z morjem.
05:08
No matter where on Earth you live.
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Ne glede na to kje na Zemlji živimo.
05:10
Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere is generated by the sea.
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Večina kisika v atmosferi se ustvarja v morju.
05:13
Over time, most of the planet's organic carbon
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Sčasoma je postala večina organskega ogljika na planetu
05:16
has been absorbed and stored there,
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spravljena tam,
05:19
mostly by microbes.
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večinoma v mikrobih.
05:21
The ocean drives climate and weather,
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Oceani narekujejo podnebja in vreme,
05:23
stabilizes temperature, shapes Earth's chemistry.
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uravnavajo temperaturo, oblikujejo Zemljino kemijo.
05:25
Water from the sea forms clouds
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Voda iz morij tvori oblake,
05:27
that return to the land and the seas
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ki se vračajo na kopno in v morja
05:30
as rain, sleet and snow,
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kot dež, žled in sneg
05:32
and provides home for about 97 percent of life in the world,
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in nudijo dom približno 97 odstotkom življenja na Zemlji,
05:36
maybe in the universe.
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mogoče v vesolju.
05:38
No water, no life;
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Brez vode ni življenja.
05:40
no blue, no green.
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Ni modrine, ni zelenja.
05:42
Yet we have this idea, we humans,
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Kljub temu pa imamo to idejo, mi ljudje,
05:45
that the Earth -- all of it: the oceans, the skies --
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da je Zemlja – v celoti: oceani, nebo –
05:48
are so vast and so resilient
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tako prostrana in tako prožna,
05:51
it doesn't matter what we do to it.
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da ni pomembno, kaj počnemo z njo.
05:53
That may have been true 10,000 years ago,
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Morda je bilo to res pred 10.000 leti,
05:56
and maybe even 1,000 years ago
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morda celo pred 1.000 leti
05:59
but in the last 100, especially in the last 50,
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a v zadnjih 100, posebej pa v zadnjih 50
06:01
we've drawn down the assets,
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smo izčrpali sredstva,
06:03
the air, the water, the wildlife
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zrak, vodo, divje živali
06:06
that make our lives possible.
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ki omogočajo naša življenja.
06:09
New technologies are helping us to understand
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Nove tehnologije nam omogočajo razumevanje
06:12
the nature of nature;
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narave naše narave,
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the nature of what's happening,
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naravo sedanjih dogodkov.
06:17
showing us our impact on the Earth.
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Prikazujejo nam naš vpliv na Zemljo.
06:20
I mean, first you have to know that you've got a problem.
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Mislim, najprej moramo razumeti, da imamo problem.
06:23
And fortunately, in our time,
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In na srečo smo v našem času
06:26
we've learned more about the problems than in all preceding history.
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spoznali več o problemih kot v vsej predhodni zgodovini.
06:29
And with knowing comes caring.
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In z vedenjem pride tudi skrb.
06:32
And with caring, there's hope
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In s skrbjo pride tudi upanje,
06:34
that we can find an enduring place for ourselves
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da bomo našli trajno mesto za nas
06:37
within the natural systems that support us.
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znotraj naravnih sistemov, ki nas podpirajo.
06:40
But first we have to know.
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Ampak najprej moramo vedeti.
06:43
Three years ago, I met John Hanke,
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Pred tremi leti sem spoznala Johna Hankeja,
06:46
who's the head of Google Earth,
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vodjo projekta Google Zemlja,
06:48
and I told him how much I loved being able to hold the world in my hands
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in povedala sem mu, kako mi je všeč, da lahko držim svet v svojih rokah
06:51
and go exploring vicariously.
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in ga tako posredno raziskujem.
06:53
But I asked him: "When are you going to finish it?
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Vendar sem ga vprašala: "Kdaj ga boste pa dokončali?
06:56
You did a great job with the land, the dirt.
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Odlično ste opravili s kopnim, z zemljo.
06:59
What about the water?"
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Kaj pa vode?"
07:02
Since then, I've had the great pleasure of working with the Googlers,
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Od tedaj z velikim zadovoljstvom delam z Googlovo ekipo
07:06
with DOER Marine, with National Geographic,
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z DOER Marine, z National Geographicom,
07:09
with dozens of the best institutions and scientists around the world,
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z ducati najboljših institucij in znanstvenikov po celem svetu,
07:14
ones that we could enlist,
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s katerimi smo se povezali,
07:17
to put the ocean in Google Earth.
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da bi spravili oceane v Google Zemlja.
07:20
And as of just this week, last Monday,
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In prav od tega tedna, preteklega ponedeljka,
07:22
Google Earth is now whole.
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je Google Zemlja popoln.
07:25
Consider this: Starting right here at the convention center,
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Poglejte: če začnemo v tem kongresnem centru,
07:28
we can find the nearby aquarium,
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lahko najdemo bližnji akvarij,
07:30
we can look at where we're sitting,
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lahko pogledamo kje zdaj sedimo,
07:32
and then we can cruise up the coast to the big aquarium, the ocean,
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in lahko odjadramo ob obali do velikega akvarija, oceana
07:35
and California's four national marine sanctuaries,
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do štirih nacionalnih morskih rezervatov v Kaliforniji
07:38
and the new network of state marine reserves
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in po novi mreži kalifornijskih morskih rezervatov,
07:41
that are beginning to protect and restore some of the assets
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ki začenjajo ohranjati in ponovno vzpostavljati nekaj dobrin.
07:45
We can flit over to Hawaii
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Lahko odletimo do Havajev
07:48
and see the real Hawaiian Islands:
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in vidimo prave Havajske otoke...
07:51
not just the little bit that pokes through the surface,
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Ne samo tisti mali del, ki je viden na površju,
07:54
but also what's below.
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ampak tudi tisto spodaj.
07:57
To see -- wait a minute, we can go kshhplash! --
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Vidimo -- samo trenutek, lahko gremo štrbunk! --
08:00
right there, ha --
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prav tja
08:03
under the ocean, see what the whales see.
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pod morje in vidimo tisto, kar vidijo kiti.
08:06
We can go explore the other side of the Hawaiian Islands.
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Lahko raziskujemo drugo stran havajskih otokov.
08:11
We can go actually and swim around on Google Earth
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Z Google Zemlja lahko prav zares plavamo naokoli
08:15
and visit with humpback whales.
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in obiščemo kite grbavce.
08:19
These are the gentle giants that I've had the pleasure of meeting face to face
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To so prijazni velikani, ki sem jih na moje veliko veselje srečala iz oči v oči
08:24
many times underwater.
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velikokrat pod vodo.
08:27
There's nothing quite like being personally inspected by a whale.
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Nič se ne more primerjati z osebno preiskavo kita.
08:30
We can pick up and fly to the deepest place:
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Lahko se dvignemo in odletimo do najglobljih krajev:
08:34
seven miles down, the Mariana Trench,
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12 kilometrov globoko v Marijanski jarek,
08:37
where only two people have ever been.
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kjer sta do sedaj bila le dva človeka.
08:39
Imagine that. It's only seven miles,
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Predstavljajte si tole. Samo 12 kilometrov je,
08:42
but only two people have been there, 49 years ago.
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pa sta le dva človeka bila tam, pred 49 leti.
08:45
One-way trips are easy.
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Enosmerna potovanja so enostavna.
08:48
We need new deep-diving submarines.
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Potrebujemo nove podmornice za globoke potope.
08:51
How about some X Prizes for ocean exploration?
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Kaj ko bi imeli X Nagrade za raziskovanje oceanov?
08:54
We need to see deep trenches, the undersea mountains,
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Videti moramo globoke jarke, podvodna gorovja,
08:58
and understand life in the deep sea.
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in razumeti življenje v globokem morju.
09:01
We can now go to the Arctic.
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Danes lahko obiščemo Arktiko.
09:04
Just ten years ago I stood on the ice at the North Pole.
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Pred samo desetimi leti sem stala na ledu Severnega tečaja.
09:08
An ice-free Arctic Ocean may happen in this century.
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Severno ledeno morje brez ledu se lahko zgodi še v tem stoletju.
09:13
That's bad news for the polar bears.
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To je slaba novica za severne medvede.
09:17
That's bad news for us too.
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In je slaba novica tudi za nas.
09:20
Excess carbon dioxide is not only driving global warming,
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Ne le da preveč ogljikovega dioksida poganja globalno segrevanje,
09:23
it's also changing ocean chemistry,
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spreminja tudi kemijsko sestavo oceanov,
09:26
making the sea more acidic.
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kar povzroča, da je morje bolj kislo.
09:29
That's bad news for coral reefs and oxygen-producing plankton.
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To je slaba novica za koralne grebene in plankton, ki ustvarja kisik.
09:32
Also it's bad news for us.
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Spet slabe novice za nas.
09:35
We're putting hundreds of millions of tons of plastic
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Odlagamo stotine milijonov ton plastike
09:38
and other trash into the sea.
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in drugih smeti v morja.
09:40
Millions of tons of discarded fishing nets,
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Milijoni ton odvrženih ribiških mrež,
09:43
gear that continues to kill.
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orodje ki nadaljuje ubijanje.
09:46
We're clogging the ocean, poisoning the planet's circulatory system,
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Mašimo oceane, zastrupljamo obtok našega planeta,
09:50
and we're taking out hundreds of millions of tons of wildlife,
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in iz njega jemljemo stotine milijonov ton divjih živali,
09:53
all carbon-based units.
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vse enote na osnovi ogljika.
09:58
Barbarically, we're killing sharks for shark fin soup,
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Barbarsko ubijamo morske pse, da iz njihovih plavuti delamo juho,
10:03
undermining food chains that shape planetary chemistry
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spodkopujemo prehranjevalne verige, ki oblikujejo planetarno kemijo
10:06
and drive the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle,
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in poganjajo kroženje ogljika, kroženje dušika,
10:09
the oxygen cycle, the water cycle --
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kroženje kisika, kroženje vode,
10:12
our life support system.
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naš življenski podporni sistem.
10:15
We're still killing bluefin tuna; truly endangered
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Še vedno pobijamo modroplavute tune, ki so resnično ogroženi,
10:19
and much more valuable alive than dead.
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in vredni veliko več živi kot pa ujeti in mrtvi.
10:23
All of these parts are part of our life support system.
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To vse so sestavni deli našega sistema za vzdrževanje življenja.
10:28
We kill using long lines, with baited hooks every few feet
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Ubijamo z uporabo dolgih vrvi s trnki na vsak meter,
10:34
that may stretch for 50 miles or more.
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ki se raztezajo tudi 90km ali več.
10:36
Industrial trawlers and draggers are scraping the sea floor
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Industrijski vlačilci strgajo po morskem dnu
10:40
like bulldozers, taking everything in their path.
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kot buldožerji in pobirajo vse, kar jim je na poti.
10:43
Using Google Earth you can witness trawlers --
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Z uporabo Google Zemlja lahko opazujete vlečne mreže
10:46
in China, the North Sea, the Gulf of Mexico --
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v Kitajskem, Severnem morju, v Mehiškem zalivu,
10:50
shaking the foundation of our life support system,
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kako stresajo temelje našega sistema za ohranjanje življenja .
10:54
leaving plumes of death in their path.
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in za sabo puščajo samo smrt.
10:56
The next time you dine on sushi -- or sashimi,
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Naslednjič, ko boste večerjali suši ali sašimi,
10:59
or swordfish steak, or shrimp cocktail,
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ali zrezek iz mečarice, ali koktajl rakcev,
11:01
whatever wildlife you happen to enjoy from the ocean --
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katerokoli žival iz oceana pač jeste,
11:04
think of the real cost.
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pomislite na resnično ceno.
11:07
For every pound that goes to market,
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Za vsak kilogram, ki pride na tržišče,
11:09
more than 10 pounds, even 100 pounds,
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se več kot 10 kg, včasih celo 100 kg,
11:13
may be thrown away as bycatch.
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lahko zavrže kot stranski ulov.
11:17
This is the consequence of not knowing
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To je posledica nezavedanja,
11:20
that there are limits to what we can take out of the sea.
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da je vse kar jemljemo iz morja omejeno.
11:23
This chart shows the decline in ocean wildlife
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Tale diagram kaže upad moskega živalstva
11:27
from 1900 to 2000.
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od 1900 do 2000.
11:30
The highest concentrations are in red.
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Najvišje vrednosti so rdeče barve.
11:33
In my lifetime, imagine,
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Za časa mojega življenja, pomislite,
11:35
90 percent of the big fish have been killed.
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je bilo pobitih 90 odstotkov velikih rib.
11:39
Most of the turtles, sharks, tunas and whales
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Večini želv, morskih psov, tunov in kitov
11:41
are way down in numbers.
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resno upada populacija.
11:45
But, there is good news.
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Ampak novice so tudi dobre.
11:47
Ten percent of the big fish still remain.
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10 odstotkov velikih rib še ostaja.
11:49
There are still some blue whales.
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Še vedno je nekaj sinjih kitov.
11:51
There are still some krill in Antarctica.
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Še vedno je nekaj planktonskih rakcev na Antarktiki.
11:54
There are a few oysters in Chesapeake Bay.
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Še je nekaj ostrig v zalivu Chesapeake.
11:56
Half the coral reefs are still in pretty good shape,
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Polovica koralnih grebenov je še v dobrem stanju,
11:59
a jeweled belt around the middle of the planet.
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pas draguljev okoli sredine planeta.
12:02
There's still time, but not a lot,
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Še je čas, čeprav ga ni veliko,
12:05
to turn things around.
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da obrnemo stvari.
12:07
But business as usual means that in 50 years,
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Če bomo poslovali tako kot poslujemo danes pa v 50 letih
12:09
there may be no coral reefs --
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ne bo več koralnih grebenov,
12:12
and no commercial fishing, because the fish will simply be gone.
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ne bo več ribolova, ker tudi rib enostavno ne bo več.
12:16
Imagine the ocean without fish.
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Predstavljajte si ocean brez rib.
12:20
Imagine what that means to our life support system.
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Predstavljajte si, kaj to pomeni za naš sistem za ohranjanje življenja.
12:24
Natural systems on the land are in big trouble too,
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Tudi naravni sistemi na kopnem so v težavah,
12:27
but the problems are more obvious,
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ampak te težave so očitne
12:29
and some actions are being taken to protect trees, watersheds and wildlife.
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in v teku je nekaj akcij za zaščito gozdov, povodij in živalstva.
12:35
And in 1872, with Yellowstone National Park,
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Leta 1872 so z narodnim parkom Yellowstone
12:39
the United States began establishing a system of parks
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ZDA začele ustanavljati sistem parkov,
12:42
that some say was the best idea America ever had.
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kar je po mnenju nekaterih najboljša ideja, ki jih je Amerika kdajkoli imela.
12:47
About 12 percent of the land around the world is now protected:
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Približno 12 odstotkov svetovnega ozemlja je zdaj zaščitenega,
12:51
safeguarding biodiversity, providing a carbon sink,
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s čimer se ščiti biološka raznolikost, zagotavlja ponor ogljika,
12:55
generating oxygen, protecting watersheds.
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ustvarja kisik, ščitijo povodja.
12:57
And, in 1972, this nation began to establish a counterpart in the sea,
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Leta 1972 je ta narod začel postavljati protiutež tudi v morju,
13:02
National Marine Sanctuaries.
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nacionalne morske rezervate.
13:04
That's another great idea.
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To je še ena velika ideja.
13:06
The good news is
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Dobra novica je,
13:08
that there are now more than 4,000 places in the sea, around the world,
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da je danes več kot 4.000 morskih območij po svetu,
13:12
that have some kind of protection.
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ki uživajo neko vrsto zaščite.
13:14
And you can find them on Google Earth.
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Lahko jih najdete tudi na Google Zemlji.
13:16
The bad news is
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Slaba novica je,
13:18
that you have to look hard to find them.
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da se morate pošteno potruditi, da jih najdete.
13:20
In the last three years, for example,
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Na primer, v zadnjih treh letih,
13:22
the U.S. protected 340,000 square miles of ocean as national monuments.
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so v ZDA zaščitili skoraj 1.200.000 kvadratnih kilometrov morja kot narodne spomenike.
13:28
But it only increased from 0.6 of one percent
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Ampak porast je bil le iz 0,6 odstotka
13:31
to 0.8 of one percent of the ocean protected, globally.
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na 0,8 odstotka zaščitenega oceana globalno gledano.
13:36
Protected areas do rebound,
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Zaščitena območja si opomorejo,
13:39
but it takes a long time to restore
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vendar je proces obnove dolg.
13:41
50-year-old rockfish or monkfish, sharks or sea bass,
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Petdesetletne škarpene ali morske žabe, morski psi ali brancini,
13:45
or 200-year-old orange roughy.
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ali dvestoletna oranžna sluzoglavka.
13:47
We don't consume 200-year-old cows or chickens.
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Ne hranimo se z dvesto let starim govedom ali piščanci.
13:51
Protected areas provide hope
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Zaščitena območja dajejo upanje,
13:54
that the creatures of Ed Wilson's dream
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da živali iz sanj Eda Wilson,
13:57
of an encyclopedia of life, or the census of marine life,
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da ustvari enciklopedijo življenja oziroma popis morskih bitij,
14:01
will live not just as a list,
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ne bodo preživele zgolj kot seznam,
14:05
a photograph, or a paragraph.
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fotografija ali opis.
14:09
With scientists around the world, I've been looking at the 99 percent of the ocean
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Z znanstveniki po svetu spremljam 99 odstotkov oceana,
14:12
that is open to fishing -- and mining, and drilling, and dumping, and whatever --
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ki je odprt za ribolov, rudarstvo, vrtanje, odlaganje in ostalo,
14:16
to search out hope spots,
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da bi našli točke upanja
14:18
and try to find ways to give them and us a secure future.
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in poskusili najti načine kako dati njim in nam gotovo prihodnost.
14:22
Such as the Arctic --
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Vzemimo Arktiko --
14:24
we have one chance, right now, to get it right.
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prav zdaj imamo možnost, da jo obvarujemo.
14:27
Or the Antarctic, where the continent is protected,
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Ali pa Antarktiko, kjer je kopno zaščiteno,
14:30
but the surrounding ocean is being stripped of its krill, whales and fish.
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medtem pa iz okoliškega oceana vlečemo rakce, kite in ribe.
14:36
Sargasso Sea's three million square miles of floating forest
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10,3 milijona kvadratnih kilometrov plavajočega gozda v Sargaškem morju
14:41
is being gathered up to feed cows.
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pobirajo za krmo govedi.
14:44
97 percent of the land in the Galapagos Islands is protected,
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97 odstotkov kopnega na Galapaškem otočju je zaščitenega,
14:48
but the adjacent sea is being ravaged by fishing.
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vendar okoliško morje pustošijo z ribolovom.
14:52
It's true too in Argentina
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Tako je tudi v Argentini,
14:54
on the Patagonian shelf, which is now in serious trouble.
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na Patagonski polici, ki je danes v resnih težavah.
14:57
The high seas, where whales, tuna and dolphins travel --
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Odprto morje, kjer potujejo kiti, tuni in delfini --
15:02
the largest, least protected, ecosystem on Earth,
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največji in najmanj zaščiten ekosistem na Zemlji,
15:05
filled with luminous creatures,
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poln svetlečih bitij,
15:08
living in dark waters that average two miles deep.
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ki živijo v temnih več kilometrov globokih vodah.
15:11
They flash, and sparkle, and glow
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Bliskajo in iskrijo se, sevajo
15:14
with their own living light.
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svojo lastno živo svetlobo.
15:17
There are still places in the sea as pristine as I knew as a child.
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Še vedno so deli morja, ki so tako prvinski kot sem jih poznala v otroštvu.
15:20
The next 10 years may be the most important,
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Naslednjih 10 let je morda najpomembnejših,
15:24
and the next 10,000 years the best chance our species will have
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naslednjih 10.000 pa najboljša priložnost za našo vrsto,
15:28
to protect what remains of the natural systems that give us life.
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da zaščitimo, kar je ostalo od naravnega sistema, ki nam daje življenje.
15:34
To cope with climate change, we need new ways to generate power.
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Za spopad s podnebnimi spremembami potrebujemo nove načine pridobivanja energije.
15:37
We need new ways, better ways, to cope with poverty, wars and disease.
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Potrebujemo nove, boljše načine za spopad z revščino, vojnami in boleznimi.
15:43
We need many things to keep and maintain the world as a better place.
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Potrebujemo veliko stvari za ohranitev in vzdrževanje boljšega sveta.
15:47
But, nothing else will matter
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Vendar nič več ne bo pomembno,
15:50
if we fail to protect the ocean.
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če ne zaščitimo oceanov.
15:53
Our fate and the ocean's are one.
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Naša usoda in usoda oceanov je eno.
15:57
We need to do for the ocean what Al Gore did for the skies above.
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Za oceane moramo storiti kar je Al Gore storil za nebo.
16:01
A global plan of action
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Globalni akcijski načrt
16:04
with a world conservation union, the IUCN,
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z IUCN - Svetovno zvezo za zaščito,
16:06
is underway to protect biodiversity,
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je v teku z namenom zaščite biološke raznolikosti,
16:08
to mitigate and recover from the impacts of climate change,
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ublažitve in okrevanja od vplivov podnebnih sprememb.
16:12
on the high seas and in coastal areas,
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Na odprtem morju in na obalnih področjih,
16:16
wherever we can identify critical places.
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kjerkoli najdemo kritična mesta,
16:20
New technologies are needed to map, photograph and explore
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potrebujemo nove tehnologije za označbo, fotografiranje in raziskovanje
16:24
the 95 percent of the ocean that we have yet to see.
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95 odstotkov oceana, ki ga še moramo spoznati.
16:28
The goal is to protect biodiversity,
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Cilj je zaščititi biološko raznovrstnost,
16:31
to provide stability and resilience.
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priskrbeti stabilnost in odpornost.
16:33
We need deep-diving subs,
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Potrebujemo podmornice za globoke potope,
16:35
new technologies to explore the ocean.
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nove tehnologije za raziskovanje oceanov.
16:38
We need, maybe, an expedition --
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Mogoče potrebujemo odpravo --
16:41
a TED at sea --
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TED na morju,
16:43
that could help figure out the next steps.
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ki bi lahko pomagala dognati naslednje korake.
16:46
And so, I suppose you want to know what my wish is.
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In tako predvidevam, želite vedeti kaj je moja želja.
16:50
I wish you would use all means at your disposal --
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Želim, da uporabite vse razpoložljive načine --
16:55
films, expeditions, the web, new submarines --
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filme, odprave, splet, podmornice --
16:58
and campaign to ignite public support
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kampanjo, ki bo zanetila podporo v javnosti
17:01
for a global network of marine protected areas --
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za globalno mrežo morskih zaščitenih območij,
17:04
hope spots large enough to save and restore the ocean,
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točk upanja, dovolj velikih za ohranitev in okravanje oceanov,
17:08
the blue heart of the planet.
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modrega srca našega planeta.
17:11
How much?
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Koliko?
17:13
Some say 10 percent, some say 30 percent.
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Nekateri pravijo 10 odstotkov, drugi 30.
17:16
You decide: how much of your heart do you want to protect?
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Sami odločite, koliko vašega srca želite zaščititi.
17:21
Whatever it is,
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Ne glede na to koliko to dejansko je,
17:23
a fraction of one percent is not enough.
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del enega odstotka ni dovolj.
17:27
My wish is a big wish,
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Moja želja je velika,
17:29
but if we can make it happen, it can truly change the world,
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a če nam jo uspe uresničiti, lahko resnično spremeni svet
17:33
and help ensure the survival
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in pomaga zagotoviti preživetje
17:36
of what actually -- as it turns out -- is my favorite species;
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meni pravzaprav najljubši vrsti,
17:42
that would be us.
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nam.
17:44
For the children of today,
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Za današnje otroke,
17:46
for tomorrow's child:
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za jutrišnje otroke,
17:48
as never again, now is the time.
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bolj kot kdajkoli, zdaj je pravi čas.
17:53
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
17:54
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sylvia Earle - OceanographerSylvia Earle has been at the forefront of ocean exploration for more than four decades. The winner of the 2009 TED Prize, she's a tireless advocate for our oceans.
Why you should listen
Sylvia Earle, called "Her Deepness" by the New Yorker, "Living Legend" by the Library of Congress and a "Hero for the Planet" by Time, is an oceanographer, explorer, author and lecturer with a deep commitment to research through personal exploration.
Earle has led more than 50 expeditions and clocked more than 7,000 hours underwater. As captain of the first all-female team to live underwater in 1970, she and her fellow scientists received a ticker-tape parade and White House reception upon their return to the surface. In 1979, she walked untethered on the sea floor at a lower depth than any other woman before or since. In the 1980s, she started the companies Deep Ocean Engineering and Deep Ocean Technologies with engineer Graham Hawkes to design undersea vehicles that allow scientists to work at previously inaccessible depths. In the early 1990s, she served as Chief Scientist of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
Earle speaks of our oceans with wonder and amazement, and calls them “the blue heart of the planet.” The winner of the 2009 TED Prize, she wished to ignite public support for marine protected areas, so that they cover 20% of the world's oceans by 2020.
Sylvia Earle | Speaker | TED.com