TEDGlobal 2011
Rebecca MacKinnon: Let's take back the Internet!
Rebeka MekKinon: Preuzmimo nazad Internet!
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U ovom snažnom govoru sa TEDGlobal, Rebeka MekKinon opisuje sve veću borbu za slobodom i kontrolom u sajber prostoru, i postavlja pitanje: kako da projektujemo sledeću fazu Interneta da u svojoj srži ima verodostojnost i slobodu, pre nego kontrolu? Ona veruje da Internet ide u pravcu "Magna Carta" momenta u kome će građani širom sveta zahtevati od svojih vlada da zaštite slobodu govora i njihovo pravo na povezanost.
Rebecca MacKinnon - Internet freedom activist
Rebecca MacKinnon looks at issues of free expression, governance and democracy (or lack of) in the digital networks, platforms and services on which we are all more and more dependent. Full bio
Rebecca MacKinnon looks at issues of free expression, governance and democracy (or lack of) in the digital networks, platforms and services on which we are all more and more dependent. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So I begin with an advertisement
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Počinjem sa reklamnom kampanjom
00:18
inspired by George Orwell
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inspirisanom Džordž Orvelom
00:20
that Apple ran in 1984.
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koju je "Epl" vodio 1984.
00:32
(Video) Big Brother: We are one people
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(Video) Veliki Brat: Mi smo jedno,
00:34
with one will, one resolve,
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imamo jednu volju, jednu rešenost,
00:37
one cause.
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jedan cilj.
00:39
Our enemies shall talk themselves to death,
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Naši neprijatelji će se zapričavati do smrti,
00:42
and we will fight them with their own confusion.
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a mi ćemo se protiv njih boriti njihovom sopstvenom zbunjenošću.
00:47
We shall prevail.
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Mi ćemo preovladati.
00:52
Narrator: On January 24th,
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Narator: 24. januara,
00:54
Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh.
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"Epl Kompjuter" će uvesti "Mekintoš".
00:57
And you'll see why 1984
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I videćete zašto 1984
01:00
won't be like "1984."
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neće ličiti na "1984".
01:02
Rebecca MacKinnon: So the underlying message of this video
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Rebeka MekKinon: Dakle, skrivena poruka ovog videa
01:05
remains very powerful even today.
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je ostala snažna i dan danas.
01:08
Technology created by innovative companies
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Tehnologija koju su kreirale inovativne kompanije
01:11
will set us all free.
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će nas sve osloboditi.
01:14
Fast-forward more than two decades:
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Premotajmo više od dve decenije kasnije.
01:17
Apple launches the iPhone in China
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"Epl" lansira "Ajfon" u Kini
01:20
and censors the Dalai Lama out
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i cenzurom izbacuje Dalaj Lamu
01:22
along with several other politically sensitive applications
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i nekoliko drugih politički osetljivih aplikacija
01:25
at the request of the Chinese government
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na zahtev kineske vlade
01:27
for its Chinese app store.
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za njihovu prodavnicu aplikacija.
01:29
The American political cartoonist
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Američkom crtaču političkih stripova
01:31
Mark Fiore
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Marku Fjoreu
01:33
also had his satire application
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je takođe cenzurisana
01:35
censored in the United States
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satirična aplikacija u Sjedinjenim Državama
01:37
because some of Apple's staff
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jer su neki od zaposlenih u "Epl-u"
01:39
were concerned it would be offensive to some groups.
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brinuli da će je neke grupe smatrati uvredljivom.
01:42
His app wasn't reinstated
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Njegova aplikacija nije vraćena
01:44
until he won the Pulitzer Prize.
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dok nije dobio Pulicerovu nagradu.
01:47
The German magazine Stern, a news magazine,
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Nemačkom informativnom magazinu Štern,
01:50
had its app censored
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aplikacija je cenzurisana
01:52
because the Apple nannies deemed it
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jer su "Epl" dadilje smatrale
01:54
to be a little bit too racy for their users,
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da je malo previše pikantna za njihove korisnike,
01:57
and despite the fact that this magazine
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uprkos činjenici da se ovaj magazin
01:59
is perfectly legal for sale
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potpuno legalno prodaje
02:01
on newsstands throughout Germany.
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na novinskim kioscima po Nemačkoj.
02:04
And more controversially, recently,
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I još kontroverznije, nedavno je
02:06
Apple censored a Palestinian protest app
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"Epl" cenzurisao palestinsku protestnu aplikaciju
02:09
after the Israeli government voiced concerns
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nakon što je izraelska vlada izrazila zabrinutost
02:12
that it might be used to organize violent attacks.
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da bi mogla da bude iskorišćena za organizovanje agresivnih napada.
02:15
So here's the thing.
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Dakle, ovako stoje stvari,
02:17
We have a situation where private companies
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imamo situaciju gde privatne kompanije
02:19
are applying censorship standards
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primenjuju cenzorske standarde
02:22
that are often quite arbitrary
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koji su često sasvim proizvoljni
02:25
and generally more narrow
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i obično uži nego
02:27
than the free speech constitutional standards
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ustavom garantovani standardi slobode izražavanja
02:29
that we have in democracies.
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koje imamo u demokratijama.
02:31
Or they're responding to censorship requests
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Ili odgovaraju na zahteve cenzure
02:34
by authoritarian regimes
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koji potiču od autoritarnih režima,
02:36
that do not reflect consent of the governed.
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ali ne odražavaju pristanak upravljanih.
02:38
Or they're responding to requests and concerns
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Ili reaguju na zahteve i intervencije
02:41
by governments that have no jurisdiction
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vlada koje nemaju nadležnost
02:45
over many, or most, of the users and viewers
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nad mnogo, ili većinom, korisnika i gledalaca
02:48
who are interacting with the content in question.
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koji imaju dodira sa dotičnim sadržajem.
02:51
So here's the situation.
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Imamo ovakvu situaciju.
02:53
In a pre-Internet world,
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U doba pre Interneta,
02:55
sovereignty over our physical freedoms,
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suverenitet nad našim fizičkim slobodama,
02:58
or lack thereof,
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ili nedostatkom istih,
03:00
was controlled almost entirely
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su skoro u potpunosti
03:02
by nation-states.
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kontrolisale države.
03:04
But now we have this new layer
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Ali sada imamo taj novi sloj
03:06
of private sovereignty
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privatne nadležnosti
03:08
in cyberspace.
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u sajber prostoru.
03:10
And their decisions about software coding,
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Njihove odluke o programiranju softvera,
03:12
engineering, design, terms of service
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projektovanju, dizajnu, uslovima korišćenja
03:15
all act as a kind of law
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vrše ulogu neke vrste zakona
03:17
that shapes what we can and cannot do with our digital lives.
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koji oblikuje šta možemo i ne možemo da uradimo u našim digitalnim životima.
03:21
And their sovereignties,
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I njihovi suvereniteti,
03:23
cross-cutting, globally interlinked,
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unakrsni, globalno isprepletani,
03:25
can in some ways
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mogu na neki način
03:27
challenge the sovereignties of nation-states
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dovesti u pitanje suverenitete država
03:29
in very exciting ways,
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na vrlo interesantne načine,
03:31
but sometimes also act
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ali ponekad mogu služiti
03:33
to project and extend it
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za njihovo zasnivanje i produbljivanje
03:35
at a time when control
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u situacijama gde kontrola
03:37
over what people can and cannot do
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nad time šta ljudi mogu ili ne mogu da urade
03:39
with information
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sa informacijama
03:41
has more effect than ever
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ima više uticaja nego ikad
03:43
on the exercise of power
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na primenu moći
03:45
in our physical world.
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u našem fizičkom svetu.
03:48
After all, even the leader of the free world
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Naposletku, čak i vođi slobodnog sveta
03:50
needs a little help from the sultan of Facebookistan
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je potrebna mala pomoć sultana od Fejsbukistana
03:53
if he wants to get reelected next year.
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ako želi da bude ponovo izabran sledeće godine.
03:56
And these platforms
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Ove platforme
03:58
were certainly very helpful
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su, naravno, bile od velike pomoći
04:00
to activists in Tunisia and Egypt
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aktivistima u Tunisu i Egiptu
04:03
this past spring and beyond.
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prošlog proleća i nakon toga.
04:05
As Wael Ghonim,
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Kao što je Vael Gonim,
04:08
the Google-Egyptian-executive by day,
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egipatski "Gugl" funkcioner preko dana,
04:11
secret-Facebook-activist by night,
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tajni Fejsbuk aktivista preko noći,
04:13
famously said to CNN
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rekao "CNN-u" čuvenu izjavu,
04:15
after Mubarak stepped down,
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nakon pada Mubaraka,
04:17
"If you want to liberate a society,
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"Ako želite da oslobodite društvo,
04:19
just give them the Internet."
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samo im dajte Internet".
04:21
But overthrowing a government is one thing
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Ali svrgavanje vlade je jedna stvar,
04:23
and building a stable democracy
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a izgradnja stabilne demokratije
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is a bit more complicated.
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je malko komplikovanija.
04:27
On the left there's a photo taken by an Egyptian activist
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Levo je fotografija koju je snimio egipatski aktivista
04:30
who was part of the storming
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koji je učestvovao u jurišu
04:32
of the Egyptian state security offices in March.
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na egipatske bezbednjačke kancelarije u martu.
04:35
And many of the agents
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Gomila agenata je iseckala
04:37
shredded as many of the documents as they could
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što je više mogla dokumenata
04:39
and left them behind in piles.
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i ostavila ih na gomilama.
04:41
But some of the files were left behind intact,
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Ali neka dokumenta su ostala netaknuta,
04:44
and activists, some of them,
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pa su aktivisti, neki od njih,
04:46
found their own surveillance dossiers
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pronašli svoje dosijee o praćenju,
04:49
full of transcripts of their email exchanges,
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pune transkripcija njihove imejl prepiske,
04:52
their cellphone text message exchanges,
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razmenu elektronskih poruka sa mobilnih,
04:54
even Skype conversations.
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čak i "Skajp" razgovore.
04:56
And one activist actually found
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Jedan aktivista je čak pronašao
04:58
a contract from a Western company
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ugovor jedne zapadne kompanije
05:01
for the sale of surveillance technology
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za prodaju opreme za prismotru
05:03
to the Egyptian security forces.
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egipatskim bezbednjacima.
05:05
And Egyptian activists are assuming
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Egipatski aktivisti pretpostavljaju
05:07
that these technologies for surveillance
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da se ove tehnologije za prismotru
05:09
are still being used
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još uvek koriste od strane
05:11
by the transitional authorities running the networks there.
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tranzicionih vlasti koje tamo upravljaju mrežama.
05:15
And in Tunisia, censorship actually began to return in May --
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A u Tunisu, cenzura je počela da se vraća u maju --
05:18
not nearly as extensively
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ni blizu u toj meri
05:20
as under President Ben Ali.
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kao pod predsednikom Ben Alijem.
05:23
But you'll see here a blocked page
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Ali ovde ćete videti blokiranu stranicu o tome
05:25
of what happens when you try to reach
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šta se dešava kada pokušate da dođete do
05:27
certain Facebook pages and some other websites
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određenih Fejsbuk stranica i nekih drugih sajtova
05:29
that the transitional authorities
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za koje su tranzicione vlasti
05:31
have determined might incite violence.
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utvrdile da mogu izazvati nasilje.
05:34
In protest over this,
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U znak protesta protiv ovoga,
05:36
blogger Slim Amamou,
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bloger Slim Amamu,
05:38
who had been jailed under Ben Ali
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koji je bio hapšen pod Ben Alijem
05:40
and then became part of the transitional government
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a zatim postao deo tranzicione vlasti
05:42
after the revolution,
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posle revolucije,
05:44
he resigned in protest from the cabinet.
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dao je otkaz iz kabineta u znak protesta.
05:47
But there's been a lot of debate in Tunisia
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Bilo je dosta debate u Tunisu
05:49
about how to handle this kind of problem.
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o tome kako rešiti ovu vrstu problema.
05:51
In fact, on Twitter,
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U stvari, na Tviteru,
05:53
there were a number of people who were supportive of the revolution
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bilo je dosta ljudi koji su podržavali revoluciju
05:55
who said, "Well actually,
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koji su rekli, "Pa u stvari,
05:57
we do want democracy and free expression,
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mi želimo demokratiju i slobodu govora,
05:59
but there is some kinds of speech that need to be off-bounds
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ali postoje neke vrste govora koje moraju biti nedostupne
06:02
because it's too violent and it might be destabilizing for our democracy.
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jer su suviše agresivne i to može ugroziti našu demokratiju."
06:05
But the problem is,
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Ali problem je,
06:07
how do you decide who is in power to make these decisions
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kako da odlučite ko ima prava da donese ovakve odluke
06:10
and how do you make sure
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i kako da budete sigurni
06:12
that they do not abuse their power?
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da oni neće zloupotrebiti svoju moć?
06:14
As Riadh Guerfali,
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Kao što je Riad Guerfali,
06:16
the veteran digital activist from Tunisia,
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digitalni aktivista veteran iz Tunisa,
06:18
remarked over this incident,
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istakao povodom ovog incidenta,
06:20
"Before, things were simple:
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"Ranije su stvari bile jednostavne:
06:22
you had the good guys on one side and the bad guys on the other.
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imali ste dobre momke na jednoj strani i loše momke na drugoj.
06:25
Today, things are a lot more subtle."
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Sada, stvari su mnogo suptilnije."
06:28
Welcome to democracy, our Tunisian and Egyptian friends.
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Dobrodošli u demokratiju, naši prijatelji iz Tunisa i Egipta.
06:31
The reality is
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Stvarnost je da
06:33
that even in democratic societies today,
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čak i u demokratskim društvima danas,
06:36
we do not have good answers
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nemamo dobar odgovor na to
06:38
for how you balance the need
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kako uskladiti potrebu za sigurnošću
06:40
for security and law enforcement on one hand
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i sprovođenjem zakona sa jedne strane
06:43
and protection of civil liberties
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i zaštitom građanskih prava
06:45
and free speech on the other
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i slobode govora sa druge
06:47
in our digital networks.
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na našim digitalnim mrežama.
06:49
In fact, in the United States,
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U stvari, u Sjedinjenim Državama,
06:51
whatever you may think of Julian Assange,
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šta god vi mislili o Žulijenu Asanžu,
06:54
even people who are not necessarily big fans of his
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čak i ljudi koji nisu obavezno njegovi veliki fanovi
06:57
are very concerned about the way
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su vrlo zabrinuti zbog načina na koji se
06:59
in which the United States government and some companies have handled Wikileaks.
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vlada SAD-a, kao i neke kompanije ponašaju prema "Vikiliks".
07:02
Amazon webhosting dropped Wikileaks as a customer
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Amazon provajder je otkazao Vikiliks kao korisnika
07:05
after receiving a complaint from U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman,
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nakon što je primio žalbu od američkog senatora Džoa Libermana,
07:09
despite the fact
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uprkos činjenici
07:11
that Wikileaks had not been charged,
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da Vikiliks nije bio optužen,
07:13
let alone convicted,
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a kamoli osuđen.
07:15
of any crime.
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za bilo koji zločin.
07:18
So we assume
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Tako da pretpostavljamo
07:20
that the Internet is a border-busting technology.
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da je Internet tehnologija koja probija granice.
07:23
This is a map of social networks worldwide,
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Ovo je mapa društvenih mreža celog sveta,
07:26
and certainly Facebook has conquered much of the world --
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a naravno da je Fejsbuk osvojio veći deo sveta --
07:29
which is either a good or a bad thing,
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što je ili dobra ili loša stvar,
07:31
depending on how you like
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zavisno od toga da li vam se sviđa
07:33
the way Facebook manages its service.
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kako Fejsbuk upravlja svojim uslugama.
07:35
But borders do persist
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Ali granice odolevaju
07:37
in some parts of cyberspace.
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u nekim krajevima sajber prostora.
07:39
In Brazil and Japan,
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U Brazilu i Japanu,
07:41
it's for unique cultural and linguistic reasons.
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to je zbog jedinstvenih kulturoloških i jezičkih razloga.
07:44
But if you look at China, Vietnam
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Ali ako pogledate Kinu, Vijetnam
07:46
and a number of the former Soviet states,
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i brojne bivše sovjetske republike,
07:49
what's happening there is more troubling.
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ono što se tamo dešava je zabrinjavajuće.
07:51
You have a situation
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Imate situaciju
07:53
where the relationship between government
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gde odnos između vlade
07:55
and local social networking companies
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i lokalnih kompanija društvenih mreža
07:58
is creating a situation
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stvara situaciju
08:00
where, effectively,
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gde, efektivno,
08:02
the empowering potential of these platforms
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ovlašćujući potencijal tih platformi
08:05
is being constrained
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je ograničen
08:07
because of these relationships
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zbog ovih odnosa
08:09
between companies and government.
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između kompanija i vlade.
08:11
Now in China,
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Danas u Kini,
08:13
you have the "great firewall," as it's well-known,
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imate "veliki fajervol", kao što je opšte poznato,
08:15
that blocks Facebook
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koji blokira Fejsbuk
08:17
and Twitter and now Google+
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i Tviter a sada i Gugl+
08:20
and many of the other overseas websites.
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i mnoge druge prekookeanske sajtove.
08:23
And that's done in part with the help from Western technology.
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A to se delom čini zahvaljujući zapadnoj tehnologiji.
08:26
But that's only half of the story.
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Ali to je samo deo priče.
08:29
The other part of the story
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Drugi deo priče
08:31
are requirements that the Chinese government places
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su zahtevi koje kineska vlada postavlja
08:34
on all companies operating on the Chinese Internet,
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pred sve kompanije na kineskom Internetu,
08:37
known as a system of self-discipline.
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poznati kao sistem samo-discipline.
08:39
In plain English, that means censorship and surveillance
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Srpski rečeno, to podrazumeva cenzuru i prismotru
08:42
of their users.
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njihovih korisnika.
08:44
And this is a ceremony I actually attended in 2009
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Ovo je ceremonija kojoj sam lično prisustvovala 2009.
08:47
where the Internet Society of China presented awards
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kada je Internet društvo Kine dodelilo nagrade
08:50
to the top 20 Chinese companies
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najboljih 20 kompanija
08:53
that are best at exercising self-discipline --
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u primeni samo-discipline -
08:56
i.e. policing their content.
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tj. kontrolisanju svog sadržaja.
08:58
And Robin Li, CEO of Baidu,
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A Robin Li, direktor Baidua,
09:01
China's dominant search engine,
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najvećeg kineskog pretraživača,
09:03
was one of the recipients.
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je bio jedan od dobitnika.
09:06
In Russia, they do not generally block the Internet
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U Rusiji generalno ne blokiraju Internet
09:10
and directly censor websites.
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i ne cenzurišu sajtove.
09:12
But this is a website called Rospil
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Ali ovo je sajt koji se zove Rospil
09:14
that's an anti-corruption site.
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koji je sajt protiv korupcije.
09:16
And earlier this year,
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Početkom ove godine,
09:18
there was a troubling incident
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desio se problematični incident
09:20
where people who had made donations to Rospil
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kada su ljudi koji su dali donacije Rospilu
09:23
through a payments processing system
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kroz sistem obrade plaćanja
09:25
called Yandex Money
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koji se naziva "Jandeks Novac"
09:27
suddenly received threatening phone calls
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odjednom primili preteće telefonske pozive
09:29
from members of a nationalist party
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od članova nacionalističke partije
09:32
who had obtained details
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koji su nabavili podatke
09:34
about donors to Rospil
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o donatorima Rospila
09:37
through members of the security services
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od članova bezbednosne službe
09:39
who had somehow obtained this information
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koji su nekako dobili ove podatke
09:42
from people at Yandex Money.
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od ljudi iz Jandeks Novca.
09:45
This has a chilling effect
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Ovo obeshrabruje
09:47
on people's ability to use the Internet
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ljude da koriste Internet
09:49
to hold government accountable.
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kako bi kritikovali vladu.
09:52
So we have a situation in the world today
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Tako da danas u svetu imamo situaciju
09:54
where in more and more countries
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gde se u sve više zemalja
09:56
the relationship between citizens and governments
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odnos između građana i vlada
09:59
is mediated through the Internet,
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reguliše preko Interneta,
10:02
which is comprised primarily
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koji je sačinjen pretežno
10:04
of privately owned and operated services.
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od servisa koji su u privatnom posedu i rukovodstvu.
10:08
So the important question, I think,
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Tako da mislim da značajno pitanje
10:10
is not this debate over whether the Internet
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nije ova debata o tome da li će Internet
10:12
is going to help the good guys more than the bad guys.
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pomoći dobrim više nego lošim momcima.
10:15
Of course, it's going to empower
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Naravno, osnažiće bilo koga
10:17
whoever is most skilled at using the technology
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ko je najveštiji u korišćenju tehnologije
10:20
and best understands the Internet
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i najbolje razume Internet
10:22
in comparison with whoever their adversary is.
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u poređenju sa bilo kojim njihovim suparnikom.
10:25
The most urgent question we need to be asking today
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Najhitnije pitanje koje bi trebalo da postavljamo danas
10:28
is how do we make sure
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je kako da obezbedimo
10:30
that the Internet evolves
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da se Internet razvija
10:32
in a citizen-centric manner.
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u korist građana.
10:35
Because I think all of you will agree
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Jer mislim da ćete se svi složiti
10:37
that the only legitimate purpose of government
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da je jedina legitimna svrha vlade
10:40
is to serve citizens,
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da služi građanima.
10:42
and I would argue
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Stojim iza toga
10:44
that the only legitimate purpose of technology
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da je jedina zakonita svrha tehnologije
10:46
is to improve our lives,
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da poboljša naše živote
10:48
not to manipulate or enslave us.
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a ne da nama manipuliše ili da nas zarobi.
10:53
So the question is,
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Pitanje je,
10:55
we know how to hold government accountable.
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mi znamo kako da smatramo vladu odgovornom.
10:57
We don't necessarily always do it very well,
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Ne radimo to uvek dovoljno dobro,
10:59
but we have a sense of what the models are,
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ali imamo osećaj kakvi su principi,
11:02
politically and institutionally, to do that.
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politički i institucionalni, da to radimo.
11:04
How do you hold the sovereigns of cyberspace
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Kako očekivati od vladara sajber prostorom
11:06
accountable to the public interest
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odgovornost za javni interes
11:08
when most CEO's argue
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kada većina direktora tvrdi
11:10
that their main obligation
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da je njihova glavna dužnost
11:12
is to maximize shareholder profit?
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da maksimizuju dobit akcionara?
11:14
And government regulation
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A regulative vlade
11:16
often isn't helping all that much.
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najčešće nisu baš od pomoći.
11:18
You have situations, for instance, in France
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Imate situaciju, na primer, u Francuskoj
11:20
where president Sarkozy
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gde predsednik Sarkozi
11:22
tells the CEO's of Internet companies,
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kaže direktorima Internet kompanija,
11:24
"We're the only legitimate representatives
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"Mi smo jedini legitimni predstavnici
11:26
of the public interest."
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interesa javnosti."
11:28
But then he goes and champions laws
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A onda nastavi da veliča zakone
11:30
like the infamous "three-strikes" law
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kao što je zloglasni zakon tri upozorenja
11:32
that would disconnect citizens from the Internet
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koji bi iskučio građane sa Interneta
11:34
for file sharing,
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zbog razmene fajlova,
11:36
which has been condemned by the U.N. Special Rapporteur
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što je osudio specijalni komesar U.N.-a
11:39
on Freedom of Expression
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za slobodu izražavanja
11:41
as being a disproportionate violation
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kao neproporcionalno kršenje
11:44
of citizens' right to communications,
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građanskih prava na komunikaciju
11:46
and has raised questions amongst civil society groups
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i postavilo mnoga pitanja među grupama građana
11:49
about whether
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o tome da li su
11:51
some political representatives
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neki politički predstavnici
11:53
are more interested in preserving
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više zainteresovani za očuvanje
11:55
the interests of the entertainment industry
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interesa industrije zabave
11:58
than they are in defending the rights of their citizens.
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nego za odbranu prava svojih građana.
12:00
And here in the United Kingdom
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A ovde u Velikoj Britaniji
12:02
there's also concern over
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takođe postoji zabrinutost oko
12:04
a law called the Digital Economy Act
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zakona koji se naziva Zakon o digitalnoj ekonomiji
12:06
that's placing more onus
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koji daje više odgovornosti
12:08
on private intermediaries
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privatnim posrednicima
12:10
to police citizen behavior.
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da uređuju ponašanje građana.
12:14
So what we need to recognize
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Ono što moramo da prepoznamo
12:16
is that if we want to have
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je da, ako želimo da imamo
12:18
a citizen-centric Internet in the future,
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građanski orijentisan Internet u budućnosti,
12:21
we need a broader and more sustained
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potreban nam je širi i održiviji
12:23
Internet freedom movement.
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pokret za slobodu Interneta.
12:25
After all, companies didn't stop polluting groundwater
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Naposletku, kompanije nisu prestale da zagađuju vode
12:28
as a matter of course,
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tek onako,
12:31
or employing 10-year-olds as a matter of course,
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ili da zapošljavaju 10-godišnjake tek onako,
12:33
just because executives woke up one day
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samo zato što su se direktori jednog dana probudili
12:35
and decided it was the right thing to do.
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i rešili da urade pravu stvar.
12:38
It was the result of decades of sustained activism,
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To je bio rezultat decenija upornog aktivizma,
12:40
shareholder advocacy
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zalaganja akcionara,
12:42
and consumer advocacy.
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i zalaganja korisnika.
12:44
Similarly, governments don't enact
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Slično, vlade ne donose inteligentne zakone
12:48
intelligent environmental and labor laws
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o zaštiti životne sredine i o radu
12:51
just because politicians wake up one day.
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samo zato što su se političari jednog dana probudili.
12:54
It's the result of very sustained and prolonged
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To je rezultat upornog i dugotrajnog
12:56
political activism
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političkog aktivizma
12:58
that you get the right regulations,
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da se dobiju prave regulative,
13:00
and that you get the right corporate behavior.
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i da se dobije ispravno korporativno ponašanje.
13:02
We need to make the same approach
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Moramo da primenimo isti princip
13:04
with the Internet.
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i na Internet.
13:06
We also are going to need
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Takođe će nam biti neophodne
13:08
political innovation.
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i političke inovacije.
13:10
Eight hundred years ago, approximately,
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Otprilike pre 800 godina,
13:13
the barons of England decided
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engleski baroni su odlučili
13:15
that the Divine Right of Kings
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da nebesko pravo kraljeva
13:17
was no longer working for them so well,
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njima više baš i ne odgovara,
13:20
and they forced King John
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pa su primorali kralja Džona
13:22
to sign the Magna Carta,
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da potpiše Magna Kartu,
13:25
which recognized
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koja je priznala
13:27
that even the king
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da čak i kralj
13:29
who claimed to have divine rule
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koji je tvrdio da ima božansku vlast
13:32
still had to abide by a basic set of rules.
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ipak mora da se povinuje osnovnom skupu pravila.
13:35
This set off a cycle
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To je pokrenulo ciklus
13:38
of what we can call political innovation,
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onoga što nazivamo političkim inovacijama,
13:40
which led eventually to the idea of consent of the governed --
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koje su na kraju dovele do ideje pristanka upravljanih --
13:43
which was implemented for the first time
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koji je primenjen prvi put
13:46
by that radical revolutionary government
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od strane te radikalne revolucionarne vlade
13:49
in America across the pond.
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u Americi sa one strane okeana.
13:52
So now we need to figure out
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Tako da je sada potrebno da smislimo
13:55
how to build consent of the networked.
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kako da izgradimo pristanak umreženih.
13:57
And what does that look like?
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I kako to izgleda?
13:59
At the moment, we still don't know.
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U ovom trenutku, još uvek ne znamo.
14:02
But it's going to require innovation
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Ali će to zahtevati uvođenje novina
14:06
that's not only going to need
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koje neće samo morati da se
14:09
to focus on politics,
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usredsrede na politiku,
14:11
on geopolitics,
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na geopolitiku,
14:13
but it's also going to need
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već će takođe morati
14:15
to deal with questions
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da se pozabave i pitanjima
14:18
of business management, investor behavior,
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upravljanja poslovanjem, ponašanjem investitora,
14:21
consumer choice
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izborima potrošača
14:23
and even software design and engineering.
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pa čak i projektovanjem i dizajnom softvera.
14:27
Each and every one of us has a vital part to play
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Svako od nas će morati da odigra značajnu ulogu
14:30
in building the kind of world
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u izgradnji takvog sveta
14:33
in which government and technology
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u kome vlada i tehnologija
14:36
serve the world's people and not the other way around.
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služe ljudima, a ne obrnuto.
14:39
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam najlepše.
14:41
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rebecca MacKinnon - Internet freedom activistRebecca MacKinnon looks at issues of free expression, governance and democracy (or lack of) in the digital networks, platforms and services on which we are all more and more dependent.
Why you should listen
Rebecca MacKinnon is the director of the Ranking Digital Rights project at New America, which recently released its inaugural Corporate Accountability Index, ranking 16 Internet and telecommunications companies on their commitments, policies and practices affecting users’ freedom of expression and privacy. (An expanded Index will be released in 2017.) She is the author of Consent of the Networked, a book investigating the future of liberty in the Internet age, and has been engaging in the debate about how to fight global terrorism while keeping a free and open Internet. A former head of CNN's Beijing and Tokyo bureaus, MacKinnon is an expert on Chinese Internet censorship and is one of the founders (with Ethan Zuckerman) of the Global Voices Online blog network.
Rebecca MacKinnon | Speaker | TED.com