TEDGlobal 2011
Julia Bacha: Pay attention to nonviolence
Žulia Baša: Obratite pažnju na nenasilje
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
857,162 views
2003. godine u selu Budrus, u Palestini, organizovan je devet meseci dug nenasilni protest kako bi se sprečila izgradnja barijere preko njihovih maslinjaka. Da li ste čuli za to? Nismo ni mislili da jeste. Brazilska režiserka, Žulia Baša, pita se zašto obraćamo pažnju samo na nasilje u izraelsko-palestinskom sukobu, a ne i na nenasilne vođe koji bi jednog dana mogle da donesu mir.
Julia Bacha - Filmmaker
Julia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times. Full bio
Julia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm a filmmaker.
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Ja sam režiserka.
00:17
For the last 8 years,
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Poslednjih osam godina,
00:19
I have dedicated my life
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posvetila sam svoj život
00:21
to documenting the work
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dokumentaciji rada
00:23
of Israelis and Palestinians
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Izraelaca i Palestinaca
00:25
who are trying to end the conflict
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koji pokušavaju da zaustave konflikt
00:27
using peaceful means.
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nenasilnim sredstvima.
00:29
When I travel with my work
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Kada putujem poslovno
00:31
across Europe and the United States,
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po Evropi i Sjedinjenim državama,
00:33
one question always comes up:
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jedno pitanje se uvek javlja:
00:38
Where is the Palestinian Gandhi?
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Gde je palestinski Gandi?
00:40
Why aren't Palestinians
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Zašto Palestinci
00:42
using nonviolent resistance?
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ne pruže nenasilni otpor?
00:45
The challenge I face when I hear this question
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Izazov sa kojim se suočavam kada to čujem
00:48
is that often I have just returned from the Middle East
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je da sam se često upravo vratila sa Bliskog istoka
00:51
where I spent my time
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gde sam provodila vreme
00:53
filming dozens of Palestinians
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snimajući desetine Palestinaca
00:55
who are using nonviolence
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koji koriste nenasilje
00:57
to defend their lands
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kako bi odbranili svoju zemlju
00:59
and water resources
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i izvore vode
01:01
from Israeli soldiers and settlers.
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od izraelskih vojnika i naseljenika.
01:04
These leaders are trying to forge
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Ovi lideri pokušavaju da iskuju
01:07
a massive national nonviolent movement
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masovni, nacionalni, nenasilni pokret
01:10
to end the occupation
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kako bi okončali okupaciju
01:12
and build peace in the region.
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i izgradili mir u regionu.
01:14
Yet, most of you
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Ipak, većina vas
01:16
have probably never heard about them.
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verovatno nikada nije čula za njih.
01:19
This divide between what's happening on the ground
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Razlika između onog što se tamo dešava
01:21
and perceptions abroad
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i mišljenja internacionalnog javnog mnjenja
01:23
is one of the key reasons
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je jedan od ključnih razloga
01:25
why we don't have yet
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zbog koga još uvek nemamo
01:27
a Palestinian peaceful resistance movement
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palestinski pokret mirovnog otpora
01:30
that has been successful.
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koji je bio uspešan.
01:33
So I'm here today
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Zato sam danas ovde
01:35
to talk about the power of attention,
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kako bih govorila o moći pažnje,
01:37
the power of your attention,
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moći vaše pažnje
01:40
and the emergence and development
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i nastanku i razvoju
01:42
of nonviolent movements
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pokreta koji ne koriste nasilje
01:44
in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere --
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na Zapadnoj obali, Gazi i na drugim mestima --
01:47
but today, my case study is going to be Palestine.
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ali danas ću govoriti o Palestini.
01:51
I believe that what's mostly missing
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Verujem da ono što nedostaje
01:53
for nonviolence to grow
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nenasilju da se razvija
01:55
is not for Palestinians
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nije da Palestinci
01:57
to start adopting nonviolence,
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počnu da ga usvajaju,
02:00
but for us to start paying attention
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već da mi obratimo pažnju
02:03
to those who already are.
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na one koji to već rade.
02:07
Allow me to illustrate this point
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Dopustite mi da ovo ilustrujem
02:09
by taking you to this village
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tako što ću vas odvesti u selo
02:11
called Budrus.
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koje se zove Budrus.
02:13
About seven years ago,
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Pre oko sedam godina
02:15
they faced extinction,
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pretilo im je uništenje
02:17
because Israel announced it would build a separation barrier,
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jer su Izraelci proglasili da će zidati barijeru
02:19
and part of this barrier
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čiji bi deo
02:21
would be built on top of the village.
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prolazio po sred sela.
02:23
They would lose 40 percent of their land
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Izgubuli bi 40% svoje zemlje
02:25
and be surrounded,
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ili bili potpuno okruženi,
02:27
so they would lose free access
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čime bi izgubili slobodan prolaz
02:29
to the rest of the West Bank.
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ka ostatku Zapadne obale.
02:31
Through inspired local leadership,
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Uz pomoć dosetljivih lokalnih vođa
02:33
they launched a peaceful resistance campaign
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pokrenuli su mirovnu kampanju otpora
02:36
to stop that from happening.
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kako bi to sprečili.
02:38
Let me show you some brief clips,
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Pokazaću vam nekoliko kratkih video klipova,
02:40
so you have a sense
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kako biste razumeli
02:42
for what that actually looked like on the ground.
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kako to ustvarni izgleda.
02:45
(Music)
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(Muzika)
02:51
Palestinian Woman: We were told the wall
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Palestinka: Rečeno nam je da bi zid
02:54
would separate Palestine from Israel.
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razdvojio Palestinu od Izraela.
02:57
Here in Budrus,
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Ovde u Budrusu,
02:59
we realized the wall would steal our land.
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shvatili smo da bi zid ukrao našu zemlju.
03:01
Israeli Man: The fence has, in fact,
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Izraelac: Ograda je, u stvari
03:03
created a solution to terror.
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rešenje za teror.
03:06
Man: Today you're invited
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Čovek: Danas ste pozvani
03:09
to a peaceful march.
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na mirni marš.
03:15
You are joined
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Pridružiće vam se
03:18
by dozens of your Israeli brothers and sisters.
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desetine vaših braća i sestara iz Izraela
03:20
Israeli Activist: Nothing scares the army
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Izraelski aktivista: Vojsku ništa ne plaši
03:23
more than nonviolent opposition.
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kao nenasilni otpor.
03:28
Woman: We saw the men
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Žena: Videli smo ljude
03:30
trying to push the soldiers,
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koji pokušavaju da odgurnu vojnike
03:32
but none of them could do that.
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ali niko nije uspeo.
03:35
But I think the girls could do it.
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No, mislim da bi devojke uspele.
03:42
Fatah Party Member: We must empty our minds
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Član Fataha: Moramo da se oslobodimo
03:45
of traditional thinking.
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tradicionalnog načina razmišljanja.
03:50
Hamas Party Member: We were in complete harmony,
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Član Hamansa: Bili smo u potpunoj harmoniji,
03:53
and we wanted to spread it to all of Palestine.
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i hteli smo da to proširimo po celoj Palestini.
03:56
Chanting: One united nation.
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Jedna ujedinjena nacija.
03:58
Fatah, Hamas and the Popular Front!
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Fatah, Hamas i Narodni front.
04:02
News Anchor: The clashes over the fence continue.
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Spiker: Nemiri oko zaštitne ograde se nastavljaju.
04:04
Reporter: Israeli border police were sent to disperse the crowd.
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Novinar: izraelska granična policija bila je poslata da rastera masu.
04:08
They were allowed to use any force necessary.
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Bilo im je dozvoljeno da koriste bilo koje potrebne mere.
04:10
(Gunshots)
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(Pucnjava)
04:12
Man: These are live bullets.
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Čovek: Ovo su pravi meci.
04:14
It's like Fallujah. Shooting everywhere.
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Ovo je kao u Falujahu. Svuda se puca.
04:17
Israeli Activist: I was sure we were all going to die.
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Izraelski aktivist: Bio sam siguran da ćemo umreti.
04:20
But there were others around me who weren't even cowering.
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Ali bilo je ljudi oko mene koji se nisu ni plašilii.
04:28
Israeli Soldier: A nonviolent protest
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Izraelski vojnik: Nenasilni protest
04:30
is not going to stop the [unclear].
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neće zaustaviti (nejasno).
04:33
Protester: This is a peaceful march.
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Demonstrant: Ovo je mirni marš.
04:35
There is no need to use violence.
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Nema potrebe da koristimo nasilje.
04:38
Chanting: We can do it! We can do it!
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Mi to možemo. Mi to možemo.
04:42
We can do it!
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Mi to možemo.
04:46
Julia Bacha: When I first heard
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Žulia Baša: Kada sam prvi put čula
04:48
about the story of Budrus,
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priču o Budrusu,
04:50
I was surprised
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bila sam iznenađena
04:52
that the international media had failed to cover
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da međunarodni mediji nisu pokrili
04:55
the extraordinary set of events
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ovaj neverovatni sled događaja
04:57
that happened seven years ago,
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koji se desio pre sedam godina,
04:59
in 2003.
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2003.
05:01
What was even more surprising
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Ono što me je još više iznenadilo
05:03
was the fact that Budrus was successful.
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bilo je to što je Budrus bio primer uspeha.
05:06
The residents, after 10 months of peaceful resistance,
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Stanovnici su, nakon 10 meseci mirnih protesta,
05:09
convinced the Israeli government
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ubedili izraelsku vladu
05:12
to move the route of the barrier off their lands
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da pomeri svoje barijere sa njihove zemlje
05:15
and to the green line,
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do zelene linije
05:17
which is the internationally recognized boundary
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koja je međunarodno priznata granica
05:20
between Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
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između Izraela i palestinskih teritorija.
05:23
The resistance in Budrus
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Otpor u Budrusu
05:25
has since spread
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od tad se raširio
05:27
to villages across the West Bank
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po selima po celoj Zapadnoj obali
05:29
and to Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem.
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i po palestinskim četvrtima u Jerusalimu.
05:33
Yet the media remains mostly silent
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Uprkos svemu, mediji su ostali prilično nezainteresovani
05:36
on these stories.
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za ove priče.
05:39
This silence carries profound consequences
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Ta ćutnja ima velike posledice
05:42
for the likelihood
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za verovatnoću
05:44
that nonviolence can grow,
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razvijanja nenasilja,
05:46
or even survive,
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i čak njegovog preživivljavanja
05:48
in Palestine.
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u Palestini.
05:50
Violent resistance
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Nasilni otpor
05:52
and nonviolent resistance
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i nenasilni otpor
05:54
share one very important thing in common;
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imaju jednu važnu zajedničku crtu;
05:58
they are both a form of theater
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oba su jedan oblik pozorišta
06:01
seeking an audience to their cause.
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koji traži publiku za sebe.
06:04
If violent actors
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Ako nasilni "glumci"
06:06
are the only ones constantly getting front-page covers
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jedini dobijaju naslovne strane
06:09
and attracting international attention
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i privlače međunarodnu pažnju
06:11
to the Palestinian issue,
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o palestinskom pitanju,
06:13
it becomes very hard
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postaje veoma teško
06:15
for nonviolent leaders
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za nenasilne lidere
06:17
to make the case to their communities
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da dokažu svojim sunarodnicima
06:19
that civil disobedience
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da je građanska neposlušnost
06:21
is a viable option
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održiva opcija
06:23
in addressing their plight.
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u procesu rešavanja njihovih neprilika.
06:25
The power of attention
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Moć pažnje
06:27
is probably going to come as no surprise
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verovatno neće iznenaditi
06:29
to the parents in the room.
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roditelje u ovoj prostoriji.
06:32
The surest way
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Najsigurniji način
06:34
to make your child throw increasingly louder tantrums
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da vaše dete sve jače vrišti
06:37
is by giving him attention
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je tako što ćete na njega obratiti pažnju
06:39
the first time he throws a fit.
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kada pokuša prvi put.
06:41
The tantrum will become
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Vrištanje će postati,
06:43
what childhood psychologists call
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kako dečiji psiholozi kažu,
06:45
a functional behavior,
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funkcionalno ponašanje
06:47
since the child has learned
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jer je dete naučilo
06:49
that he can get parental attention out of it.
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da tako privlači pažnju roditelja.
06:53
Parents can incentivize or disincentivize behavior
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Roditelji mogu da podstiču ili ne podstiču neko ponašanje
06:57
simply by giving or withdrawing
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jednostavno poklanjajući ili ne
06:59
attention to their children.
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pažnju svojoj deci.
07:02
But that's true for adults too.
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Ali to važi i za odrasle.
07:05
In fact, the behavior
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U stvari, na ponašanje
07:07
of entire communities and countries
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celih zajednica i država
07:09
can be influenced,
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može uticati to
07:11
depending on where
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gde
07:13
the international community chooses
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međunarodna zajednica odluči
07:15
to focus its attention.
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da usmeri svoju pažnju.
07:18
I believe that at the core of ending the conflict in the Middle East
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Verujem da je u korenu kraja sukoba na Bliskom istoku
07:22
and bringing peace
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i stupanja mira
07:24
is for us
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to da mi
07:26
to transform nonviolence
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pretvorimo nenasilje
07:28
into a functional behavior
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u funkcionalno ponašanje
07:30
by giving a lot more attention
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obraćajući mnogo više pažnje
07:32
to the nonviolent leaders on the ground today.
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na nenasilne lidere današnjece.
07:36
In the course of taking my film to villages
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Tokom prikazivanja mog filma po selima
07:39
in the West Bank, in Gaza and in East Jerusalem,
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na Zapadnoj obali, u Pojasu Gaze i u istočnom Jerusalimu,
07:42
I have seen the impact
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videla sam šta
07:44
that even one documentary film can have
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jedan dokumetarni film može učiniti
07:47
in influencing the transformation.
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i kako može uticati na transformaciju.
07:51
In a village called Wallajeh,
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U selu Valaje
07:53
which sits very close to Jerusalem,
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veoma blizu Jerusalima
07:56
the community was facing
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zajednica je bila suočena
07:58
a very similar plight to Budrus.
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sa sličnim problemima kao Budrus.
08:00
They were going to be surrounded, lose a lot of their lands
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Bili su opkoljeni, izgubili su mnogo zemlje
08:03
and not have freedom of access,
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i ne bi imali pristup
08:05
either to the West Bank or Jerusalem.
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ni Zapadnoj obali ni Jerusalimu.
08:08
They had been using nonviolence for about two years
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Služili su se nenasiljem oko dve godine
08:11
but had grown disenchanted
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ali su postali razočarani
08:13
since nobody was paying attention.
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jer niko nije obratio pažnju.
08:16
So we organized a screening.
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Tako da smo organizovali prikazivanje filma.
08:19
A week later,
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Nedelju dana kasnije
08:21
they held the most well-attended
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održali su najposećenije
08:23
and disciplined
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i najdisciplinovanije
08:25
demonstration to date.
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demonstracije do tada
08:28
The organizers say
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Organizatori kažu
08:30
that the villagers, upon seeing the story of Budrus
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da su seljaci, nakon što pogledaju priču o Budrusu,
08:32
documented in a film,
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dokumentovanu u filmu,
08:34
felt that there were indeed people
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osetili da zaista postoje ljudi
08:36
following what they were doing,
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koji prate ono što oni rade,
08:38
that people cared.
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da je ljudima stalo.
08:40
So they kept on going.
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Tako su nastavili da to rade.
08:42
On the Israeli side,
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Na izraelskoj strani
08:44
there is a new peace movement called Solidariot,
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postoji novi mirovni pokret koji se zove "Solidariot",
08:47
which means solidarity in Hebrew.
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što znači solidarnost na hebrejskom.
08:50
The leaders of this movement have been using Budrus
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Lideri ovog pokreta su koristili Budrus
08:53
as one of their primary recruiting tools.
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kao jedno od svojih glavnih sredstava za regrutaciju.
08:56
They report
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Oni kažu
08:58
that Israelis who had never been active before,
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da su Izraelci koji nikad ranije nisu bili aktivni
09:00
upon seeing the film,
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nakon gledanja filma
09:02
understand the power of nonviolence
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razumeli snagu nenasilja
09:04
and start joining their activities.
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i pridruživali se aktivistima.
09:06
The examples of Wallajeh
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Primer Valaje
09:08
and the Solidariot movement
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i pokreta "Solidariot"
09:10
show that even a small-budget independent film
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pokazao je da čak i niskobudžetni film
09:14
can play a role
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može igrati ulogu
09:16
in transforming nonviolence
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u transformaciji nenasilja
09:18
into a functional behavior.
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u funkcionalno ponašanje
09:21
Now imagine the power
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Sada zamislite snagu
09:23
that big media players could have
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koju bi veliki medijski igrači mogli da imaju
09:26
if they started covering
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ako bi počeli da pokrivaju
09:28
the weekly nonviolent demonstrations
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nedeljne nenasilne demonstracije
09:30
happening in villages
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koje se dešavaju u selima
09:32
like Bil'in, Ni'lin,
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kao što su Bilin, Nilin
09:34
Wallajeh,
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Valajeh,
09:36
in Jerusalem neighborhoods
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u četvrtima Jerusalima
09:38
like Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan --
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kao što su Šeik Žarah i Silvan --
09:41
the nonviolent leaders
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lideri nenasilnih protesta
09:43
would become more visible,
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bi postali popularniji
09:45
valued and effective
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cenjeniji i efektniji
09:47
in their work.
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u svom radu.
09:50
I believe
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Verujem
09:52
that the most important thing
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da je najvažnije
09:54
is to understand
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razumeti
09:56
that if we don't pay attention to these efforts,
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da ako mi ne primetimo ove napore,
09:59
they are invisible,
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oni ostaju nevidljivi,
10:01
and it's as if they never happened.
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kao da se nikada nisu ni desili.
10:03
But I have seen first hand
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Ali lično sam videla
10:05
that if we do,
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da ako mi to uradimo,
10:07
they will multiply.
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oni će se umnožiti.
10:09
If they multiply,
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A ako pomnože
10:11
their influence will grow
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uticaj će rasti
10:13
in the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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generalno u izraelsko palestinskom sukobu.
10:15
And theirs is the kind of influence
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I tu postoji uticaj
10:18
that can finally
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koji konačno može
10:20
unblock the situation.
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da odblokira situaciju.
10:22
These leaders have proven that nonviolence works
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Ovi lideri su dokazali da nenasilje funkcioniše
10:25
in places like Budrus.
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u mestima kao što je Budrus.
10:27
Let's give them attention
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Posvetimo im pažnju
10:29
so they can prove it works everywhere.
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kako bi mogli da dokažu da to svuda funkcioniše.
10:32
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:34
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julia Bacha - FilmmakerJulia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times.
Why you should listen
Bacha started her filmmaking career writing and editing Control Room (2004), a documentary about the inner workings of the Arab satellite television channel Al Jazeera. She then wrote and co-directed Encounter Point (2006) and directed Budrus (2009), both stories of courageous bridge-building between Palestinians and Israelis in a highly volatile environment. Her most recent film, My Neighborhood (2012), follows a Palestinian teenager struggling to reclaim his home in East Jerusalem from Jewish settlers. She is now directing a film about the Palestinian women who secretly led the First Intifada, for which she was awarded a 2016 Guggenheim Fellowship.
Julia Bacha | Speaker | TED.com