TEDGlobal 2011
Julia Bacha: Pay attention to nonviolence
朱麗亞·巴夏: 重視非暴力抗爭
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
857,162 views
2003年在巴勒斯坦的布德鲁斯村，人們進行了一場長達10個月的非暴力抗議，來阻止一道圍牆將他們的橄欖園一分為二。你聽說過這件事嗎?我猜沒有。巴西電影製片人朱麗亞·巴夏問道：為什麼我們只關注以巴衝突中的暴力事件， 卻不去注意非暴力抗爭領導人可能帶來的和平?
Julia Bacha - Filmmaker
Julia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times. Full bio
Julia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm a filmmaker.
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我是一位電影製片人
00:17
For the last 8 years,
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在過去八年中
00:19
I have dedicated my life
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我致力
00:21
to documenting the work
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拍攝
00:23
of Israelis and Palestinians
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以色列與巴勒斯坦
00:25
who are trying to end the conflict
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嘗試解決衝突的人們
00:27
using peaceful means.
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他們運用的是和平的手段
00:29
When I travel with my work
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每當我出差
00:31
across Europe and the United States,
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到歐洲和美國時
00:33
one question always comes up:
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總是有人問我
00:38
Where is the Palestinian Gandhi?
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為何巴勒斯坦沒有像甘地一樣的人?
00:40
Why aren't Palestinians
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為何巴勒斯坦人
00:42
using nonviolent resistance?
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不用非暴力的方式抗爭呢?
00:45
The challenge I face when I hear this question
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當我聽到這樣的問題時﹐ 我感到為難
00:48
is that often I have just returned from the Middle East
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因為我當時可能才從中東回國
00:51
where I spent my time
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而我是在中東
00:53
filming dozens of Palestinians
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拍攝數十位巴勒斯坦人
00:55
who are using nonviolence
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運用非暴力方法
00:57
to defend their lands
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來捍衛他們的土地
00:59
and water resources
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和水資源
01:01
from Israeli soldiers and settlers.
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以免被以色列士兵和居民所剝奪
01:04
These leaders are trying to forge
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這些領導人致力促成
01:07
a massive national nonviolent movement
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一場大規模的全國性非暴力運動
01:10
to end the occupation
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來結束佔領
01:12
and build peace in the region.
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並建立區域的和平
01:14
Yet, most of you
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但是你們多數人
01:16
have probably never heard about them.
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可能從未聽說過他們
01:19
This divide between what's happening on the ground
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有一個隔閡存在於當地所發生的事
01:21
and perceptions abroad
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與國際的認知之間
01:23
is one of the key reasons
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這是一個關鍵性的原因
01:25
why we don't have yet
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也是為什麼我們還沒有
01:27
a Palestinian peaceful resistance movement
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一場巴勒斯坦和平抗爭運動
01:30
that has been successful.
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成功過
01:33
So I'm here today
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所以我今天
01:35
to talk about the power of attention,
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要來講關注的力量
01:37
the power of your attention,
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你的關注的力量
01:40
and the emergence and development
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以及非暴力運動
01:42
of nonviolent movements
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在约旦河西岸和加薩
01:44
in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere --
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及其他地方的萌芽與發展
01:47
but today, my case study is going to be Palestine.
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而今天我要分析的案例是巴勒斯坦
01:51
I believe that what's mostly missing
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我認為要促進
01:53
for nonviolence to grow
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非暴力運動
01:55
is not for Palestinians
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並不是要要求巴勒斯坦人
01:57
to start adopting nonviolence,
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開始採用非暴力手段
02:00
but for us to start paying attention
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而是﹐ 我們要開始注意
02:03
to those who already are.
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那些用非暴力手段的人們
02:07
Allow me to illustrate this point
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讓我帶你進入這個
02:09
by taking you to this village
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名為布德魯斯的村子
02:11
called Budrus.
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來闡明這點
02:13
About seven years ago,
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約莫七年前
02:15
they faced extinction,
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他們面臨存亡的問題
02:17
because Israel announced it would build a separation barrier,
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因為以色列宣佈要築起一道圍牆
02:19
and part of this barrier
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而部分圍牆
02:21
would be built on top of the village.
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將橫越這個村子
02:23
They would lose 40 percent of their land
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他們會失去40%的土地
02:25
and be surrounded,
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並且被包圍住
02:27
so they would lose free access
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如此便無法自由往返
02:29
to the rest of the West Bank.
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约旦河西岸的其他地区
02:31
Through inspired local leadership,
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透過當地收到感召的領導人
02:33
they launched a peaceful resistance campaign
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他們發動了和平抗爭活動
02:36
to stop that from happening.
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來阻止這道圍牆
02:38
Let me show you some brief clips,
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讓我給你們看一些短片
02:40
so you have a sense
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這樣你們才有概念
02:42
for what that actually looked like on the ground.
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當地到底是怎麼一回事
02:45
(Music)
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【音樂】
02:51
Palestinian Woman: We were told the wall
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巴勒斯坦女性: 我們聽說圍牆
02:54
would separate Palestine from Israel.
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將分隔巴勒斯坦與以色列
02:57
Here in Budrus,
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而在布德鲁斯村
02:59
we realized the wall would steal our land.
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我們發現這道牆將竊取我們的土地
03:01
Israeli Man: The fence has, in fact,
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以色列男性: 這道牆其實
03:03
created a solution to terror.
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是解決恐懼的一個方法
03:06
Man: Today you're invited
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男性: 我們今天邀請你們
03:09
to a peaceful march.
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來一場和平的遊行
03:15
You are joined
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你的身邊是
03:18
by dozens of your Israeli brothers and sisters.
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數十位你的以色列弟兄姐妹
03:20
Israeli Activist: Nothing scares the army
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以色列抗議人士: 軍隊害怕的就是
03:23
more than nonviolent opposition.
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非暴力的抵抗
03:28
Woman: We saw the men
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女性: 我們看見男人
03:30
trying to push the soldiers,
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想推開那些士兵
03:32
but none of them could do that.
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但是他們不能那麼做
03:35
But I think the girls could do it.
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但我覺得女生們能
03:42
Fatah Party Member: We must empty our minds
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法塔赫黨員: 我們必須清空腦中
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of traditional thinking.
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的傳統思想
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Hamas Party Member: We were in complete harmony,
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哈馬斯黨員: 我們是完全和平的
03:53
and we wanted to spread it to all of Palestine.
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而我們希望這能擴散到全巴勒斯坦
03:56
Chanting: One united nation.
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口號聲: 全國團結
03:58
Fatah, Hamas and the Popular Front!
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法塔赫、哈馬斯、人民陣線
04:02
News Anchor: The clashes over the fence continue.
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主播: 這道牆所帶來的衝突持續著
04:04
Reporter: Israeli border police were sent to disperse the crowd.
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記者: 以色列邊界警察被派來驅散群眾
04:08
They were allowed to use any force necessary.
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他們得採取任何必要手段
04:10
(Gunshots)
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【槍響】
04:12
Man: These are live bullets.
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男性: 這些是實彈
04:14
It's like Fallujah. Shooting everywhere.
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這裡就像伊拉克的費魯杰市。四處是槍聲
04:17
Israeli Activist: I was sure we were all going to die.
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以色列抗議人士: 我以為我們要死了
04:20
But there were others around me who weren't even cowering.
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但我身邊有人甚至一點都不害怕
04:28
Israeli Soldier: A nonviolent protest
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以色列士兵: 非暴力抗爭
04:30
is not going to stop the [unclear].
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是無法阻止這【聲音模糊不清】
04:33
Protester: This is a peaceful march.
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抗議人士: 這是和平的遊行
04:35
There is no need to use violence.
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不需要使用暴力
04:38
Chanting: We can do it! We can do it!
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口號聲: 我們會贏、我們會贏
04:42
We can do it!
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我們會贏!
04:46
Julia Bacha: When I first heard
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朱麗亞·巴夏: 當我第一次聽到
04:48
about the story of Budrus,
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布德鲁斯村的故事時
04:50
I was surprised
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我非常驚訝
04:52
that the international media had failed to cover
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國際媒體竟然沒有報導
04:55
the extraordinary set of events
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這一連串驚人的事件
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that happened seven years ago,
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而這不過就發生在幾年前
04:59
in 2003.
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就在2003年
05:01
What was even more surprising
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更令人驚訝的是
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was the fact that Budrus was successful.
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布德鲁斯村成功了
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The residents, after 10 months of peaceful resistance,
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居民抗爭十個月後
05:09
convinced the Israeli government
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說服了以色列政府
05:12
to move the route of the barrier off their lands
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將這道牆從他們的土地移開
05:15
and to the green line,
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到綠線上
05:17
which is the internationally recognized boundary
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也就是國際公認的
05:20
between Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
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以巴領土分界線
05:23
The resistance in Budrus
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布德鲁斯村的抗爭
05:25
has since spread
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自此傳遍
05:27
to villages across the West Bank
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全約旦河西岸的村子
05:29
and to Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem.
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以及耶路撒冷境內巴勒斯坦人居住的地區
05:33
Yet the media remains mostly silent
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但是媒體還是沒有報導
05:36
on these stories.
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這些事件
05:39
This silence carries profound consequences
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這種漠視嚴重的影響
05:42
for the likelihood
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非暴力運動
05:44
that nonviolence can grow,
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在巴勒斯坦發展
05:46
or even survive,
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甚至存活的
05:48
in Palestine.
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可能性
05:50
Violent resistance
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暴力抗爭
05:52
and nonviolent resistance
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及非暴力抗爭
05:54
share one very important thing in common;
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都有一個非常重要的共通點
05:58
they are both a form of theater
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他們都是一種劇院
06:01
seeking an audience to their cause.
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需要觀眾來關心他們的議題
06:04
If violent actors
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如果只有使用暴力的人
06:06
are the only ones constantly getting front-page covers
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才能上頭版
06:09
and attracting international attention
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並引起國際媒體關注
06:11
to the Palestinian issue,
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巴勒斯坦的議題
06:13
it becomes very hard
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非暴力領袖
06:15
for nonviolent leaders
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就很難
06:17
to make the case to their communities
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向他們的民眾證明
06:19
that civil disobedience
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公民抗命
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is a viable option
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是個可行的方式
06:23
in addressing their plight.
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來解決當前的困境
06:25
The power of attention
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關注的力量
06:27
is probably going to come as no surprise
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可能對在場的父母親
06:29
to the parents in the room.
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一點都不陌生
06:32
The surest way
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如果小孩吵鬧
06:34
to make your child throw increasingly louder tantrums
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就能得到父母的注意
06:37
is by giving him attention
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那麼小孩再來就會
06:39
the first time he throws a fit.
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吵得更凶
06:41
The tantrum will become
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這種吵鬧的行為
06:43
what childhood psychologists call
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就是兒童心理學家口中的
06:45
a functional behavior,
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功能性行為
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since the child has learned
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因為小孩知道
06:49
that he can get parental attention out of it.
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他能藉此得到父母的注意力
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Parents can incentivize or disincentivize behavior
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父母能透過給予孩童注意力
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simply by giving or withdrawing
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或是不給予孩童注意力
06:59
attention to their children.
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來鼓勵或抑制這樣的行為
07:02
But that's true for adults too.
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對於成人也是如此
07:05
In fact, the behavior
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事實上
07:07
of entire communities and countries
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每個國家及其人民
07:09
can be influenced,
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都能被影響
07:11
depending on where
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就端看
07:13
the international community chooses
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國際社會選擇
07:15
to focus its attention.
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聚焦在那裡
07:18
I believe that at the core of ending the conflict in the Middle East
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我認為結束中東地區的衝突
07:22
and bringing peace
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並為其帶來和平
07:24
is for us
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的根本是
07:26
to transform nonviolence
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要將非暴力抗爭轉變成
07:28
into a functional behavior
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一個功能性行為
07:30
by giving a lot more attention
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我們只要多關注
07:32
to the nonviolent leaders on the ground today.
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這些帶動非暴力運動的領袖們
07:36
In the course of taking my film to villages
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當我在拍攝約旦河西岸的村子
07:39
in the West Bank, in Gaza and in East Jerusalem,
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以及加薩地區以及東耶路撒冷的村子時
07:42
I have seen the impact
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我見證到
07:44
that even one documentary film can have
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就算只是一部小小的紀錄片也能
07:47
in influencing the transformation.
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影響行為模式的轉變
07:51
In a village called Wallajeh,
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瓦拉杰村
07:53
which sits very close to Jerusalem,
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座落的位置非常接近耶路撒冷
07:56
the community was facing
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那裡的人面臨
07:58
a very similar plight to Budrus.
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跟布德鲁斯村非常相似的困境
08:00
They were going to be surrounded, lose a lot of their lands
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他們將被包圍並失去許多土地
08:03
and not have freedom of access,
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也將失去往返
08:05
either to the West Bank or Jerusalem.
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約旦河西岸和耶路撒冷的自由
08:08
They had been using nonviolence for about two years
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他們已經持續非暴力抗爭兩年左右了
08:11
but had grown disenchanted
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但是他們開始感到意志消沉
08:13
since nobody was paying attention.
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因為沒有人注意他們
08:16
So we organized a screening.
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於是我們安排了記錄片的播放
08:19
A week later,
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一個禮拜後
08:21
they held the most well-attended
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他們舉辦了目前為止人數最多
08:23
and disciplined
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也最有紀律的
08:25
demonstration to date.
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遊行
08:28
The organizers say
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舉辦人說
08:30
that the villagers, upon seeing the story of Budrus
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村民見到布德鲁斯村的故事
08:32
documented in a film,
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被記錄在影片後
08:34
felt that there were indeed people
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發現確實有人
08:36
following what they were doing,
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在跟隨他們的腳步
08:38
that people cared.
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人們是在乎的
08:40
So they kept on going.
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於是他們堅持了下去
08:42
On the Israeli side,
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在以色列那邊則有
08:44
there is a new peace movement called Solidariot,
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名為索里德拉爾特的和平運動
08:47
which means solidarity in Hebrew.
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在希伯来語中表示團结一致
08:50
The leaders of this movement have been using Budrus
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這些運動的領袖都把布德鲁斯村的故事
08:53
as one of their primary recruiting tools.
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當作主要的工具來號召群眾
08:56
They report
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他們反映說
08:58
that Israelis who had never been active before,
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從未參與過抗爭活動的以色列人
09:00
upon seeing the film,
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看過影片後
09:02
understand the power of nonviolence
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了解到非暴力的力量
09:04
and start joining their activities.
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也開始加入他們的抗爭
09:06
The examples of Wallajeh
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瓦拉杰村
09:08
and the Solidariot movement
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和索里德拉爾特的和平運動
09:10
show that even a small-budget independent film
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展現出小成本的獨立製片
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can play a role
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也能幫助
09:16
in transforming nonviolence
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非暴力行為轉變成
09:18
into a functional behavior.
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功能性行為
09:21
Now imagine the power
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想象一下主流媒體
09:23
that big media players could have
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開始報導這些每個禮拜
09:26
if they started covering
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都在村子裡進行的
09:28
the weekly nonviolent demonstrations
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非暴力遊行
09:30
happening in villages
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時所產生的影響力
09:32
like Bil'in, Ni'lin,
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貝拉因村、尼因村
09:34
Wallajeh,
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和瓦拉杰村
09:36
in Jerusalem neighborhoods
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這些位處耶路撒冷境內
09:38
like Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan --
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香克哈拉和西路万的
09:41
the nonviolent leaders
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非暴力領導人的事跡
09:43
would become more visible,
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就會得到更多關注
09:45
valued and effective
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他們的工作就更有價值
09:47
in their work.
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更有效果了
09:50
I believe
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我認為
09:52
that the most important thing
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最重要的是
09:54
is to understand
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要了解
09:56
that if we don't pay attention to these efforts,
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如果沒有人關注他們的付出﹐ 那這些事
09:59
they are invisible,
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就像隱形的
10:01
and it's as if they never happened.
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好像從未發生過
10:03
But I have seen first hand
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但我親身經歷過
10:05
that if we do,
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只要我們關注
10:07
they will multiply.
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他們就會開始發展
10:09
If they multiply,
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如果他們開始發展
10:11
their influence will grow
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他們的影響力會在
10:13
in the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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以巴衝突中發揮影響
10:15
And theirs is the kind of influence
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而他們的影響力就是那種
10:18
that can finally
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能夠
10:20
unblock the situation.
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化解衝突的影響力
10:22
These leaders have proven that nonviolence works
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這些領導人證明了非暴力是可行的
10:25
in places like Budrus.
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就算在布德鲁斯村這樣的地方
10:27
Let's give them attention
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我們來關注他們
10:29
so they can prove it works everywhere.
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幫助他們證明自己
10:32
Thank you.
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謝謝
10:34
(Applause)
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【掌聲】
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julia Bacha - FilmmakerJulia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times.
Why you should listen
Bacha started her filmmaking career writing and editing Control Room (2004), a documentary about the inner workings of the Arab satellite television channel Al Jazeera. She then wrote and co-directed Encounter Point (2006) and directed Budrus (2009), both stories of courageous bridge-building between Palestinians and Israelis in a highly volatile environment. Her most recent film, My Neighborhood (2012), follows a Palestinian teenager struggling to reclaim his home in East Jerusalem from Jewish settlers. She is now directing a film about the Palestinian women who secretly led the First Intifada, for which she was awarded a 2016 Guggenheim Fellowship.
Julia Bacha | Speaker | TED.com