TEDGlobal 2011
Julia Bacha: Pay attention to nonviolence
朱莉娅·帕夏：关注非暴力
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
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2003年，在巴勒斯坦的一个叫布德鲁斯的村庄，人们为阻止以色列军队在他们的橄榄丛上建立围墙而举行了一场耗时10个月的非暴力抗议运动。你听说过这件事吗？估计没有。巴西电影制片人朱莉娅·帕夏问道：，为什么我们只关注巴以冲突相关的暴力事件－－而不关注那些可能有朝一日带来和平的非暴力领导人呢？
Julia Bacha - Filmmaker
Julia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times. Full bio
Julia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm a filmmaker.
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我是一个电影制片人
00:17
For the last 8 years,
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在过去的八年中
00:19
I have dedicated my life
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我全身心
00:21
to documenting the work
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投入到了
00:23
of Israelis and Palestinians
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关于以色列人和巴勒斯坦人
00:25
who are trying to end the conflict
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用和平方式解决冲突的
00:27
using peaceful means.
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纪录片拍摄中
00:29
When I travel with my work
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每当我为了工作了出差
00:31
across Europe and the United States,
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无论在欧洲还是美国
00:33
one question always comes up:
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我总碰到一个问题
00:38
Where is the Palestinian Gandhi?
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巴勒斯坦的甘地在哪里
00:40
Why aren't Palestinians
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为什么巴勒斯坦人
00:42
using nonviolent resistance?
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不采用非暴力抵抗
00:45
The challenge I face when I hear this question
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每当我听到这个问题就感到为难
00:48
is that often I have just returned from the Middle East
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因为这时 我往往才从中东工作回来
00:51
where I spent my time
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在那里 我的工作是
00:53
filming dozens of Palestinians
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拍摄几十位巴勒斯坦人
00:55
who are using nonviolence
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他们通过非暴力的手段
00:57
to defend their lands
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保卫土地
00:59
and water resources
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和水资源
01:01
from Israeli soldiers and settlers.
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免受以色列士兵和定居者的剥夺
01:04
These leaders are trying to forge
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这些领导人正在努力
01:07
a massive national nonviolent movement
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组织一场全国范围的大规模非暴力运动
01:10
to end the occupation
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来结束侵占
01:12
and build peace in the region.
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在这个地区建和平
01:14
Yet, most of you
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然而 大多数人
01:16
have probably never heard about them.
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可能从来没有听说过他们
01:19
This divide between what's happening on the ground
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真相与外界猜想
01:21
and perceptions abroad
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之间的隔阂
01:23
is one of the key reasons
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就是关键原因之一
01:25
why we don't have yet
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解释为何
01:27
a Palestinian peaceful resistance movement
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巴勒斯坦和平抵抗运动
01:30
that has been successful.
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尚未取得成功
01:33
So I'm here today
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我今天来
01:35
to talk about the power of attention,
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谈论的是关注的力量
01:37
the power of your attention,
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你们的关注的力量
01:40
and the emergence and development
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以及约旦河西岸
01:42
of nonviolent movements
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加沙地带和其它地方
01:44
in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere --
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非暴力运动的兴起和发展
01:47
but today, my case study is going to be Palestine.
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而今天 我案例分析的主角是巴勒斯坦
01:51
I believe that what's mostly missing
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我认为非暴力运动的成长
01:53
for nonviolence to grow
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最欠缺的
01:55
is not for Palestinians
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并不是让巴勒斯坦人
01:57
to start adopting nonviolence,
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开始进行非暴力运动
02:00
but for us to start paying attention
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而是让我们开始关注
02:03
to those who already are.
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那些早已开始非暴力运动的人
02:07
Allow me to illustrate this point
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请容我带领你们进入这个村庄
02:09
by taking you to this village
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来解释这个道理
02:11
called Budrus.
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这个村庄叫布德鲁斯
02:13
About seven years ago,
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大约七年前
02:15
they faced extinction,
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这里的人们面临着灭顶之灾
02:17
because Israel announced it would build a separation barrier,
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以色列宣布它将筑起一堵围墙
02:19
and part of this barrier
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而其中一段
02:21
would be built on top of the village.
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将跨过这个村庄
02:23
They would lose 40 percent of their land
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村民将失去40%的土地
02:25
and be surrounded,
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并被包围起来
02:27
so they would lose free access
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失去从这里进入
02:29
to the rest of the West Bank.
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约旦河西岸地区的自由
02:31
Through inspired local leadership,
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在当地领导人的激励下
02:33
they launched a peaceful resistance campaign
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他们发动了一场和平抵抗运动
02:36
to stop that from happening.
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以避免发生这样的结果
02:38
Let me show you some brief clips,
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我给大家播放影片的一些片断
02:40
so you have a sense
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让你们大致了解
02:42
for what that actually looked like on the ground.
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实地发生的情况
02:45
(Music)
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（音乐响起）
02:51
Palestinian Woman: We were told the wall
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巴勒斯坦女子：他们说那堵围墙
02:54
would separate Palestine from Israel.
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会将巴勒斯坦和以色列分隔开来
02:57
Here in Budrus,
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在布德鲁斯
02:59
we realized the wall would steal our land.
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我们意识到 那堵墙会抢占我们的土地
03:01
Israeli Man: The fence has, in fact,
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以色列男子：这堵围墙事实上
03:03
created a solution to terror.
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是防止恐怖行动的一项解决方法
03:06
Man: Today you're invited
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今天 我号召大家
03:09
to a peaceful march.
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加入一场和平的游行
03:15
You are joined
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与你们并肩行动的
03:18
by dozens of your Israeli brothers and sisters.
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是几十位以色列兄弟姊妹
03:20
Israeli Activist: Nothing scares the army
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以色列行动主义者： 最令军队害怕的
03:23
more than nonviolent opposition.
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就是非暴力抵抗
03:28
Woman: We saw the men
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女子： 我们看到男人们
03:30
trying to push the soldiers,
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试图推开那些士兵
03:32
but none of them could do that.
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但是没有人成功
03:35
But I think the girls could do it.
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而我认为姑娘们能够做到
03:42
Fatah Party Member: We must empty our minds
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法塔赫组织成员：我们必须清空头脑中
03:45
of traditional thinking.
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传统的观念
03:50
Hamas Party Member: We were in complete harmony,
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哈马斯组织成员： 我们是完全和平的
03:53
and we wanted to spread it to all of Palestine.
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我们希望让它遍及整个巴勒斯坦
03:56
Chanting: One united nation.
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口号声：团结一致的民族
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Fatah, Hamas and the Popular Front!
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法塔赫 哈马斯 人民阵线
04:02
News Anchor: The clashes over the fence continue.
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新闻主播：围墙附近的冲突仍在继续
04:04
Reporter: Israeli border police were sent to disperse the crowd.
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记者：以色列边警受命驱逐抗议人群
04:08
They were allowed to use any force necessary.
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他们被允许采用一切必要的强制手段
04:10
(Gunshots)
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（枪声）
04:12
Man: These are live bullets.
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男子：他们正在开火
04:14
It's like Fallujah. Shooting everywhere.
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这里就像费卢杰（伊拉克城市） 到处是枪声
04:17
Israeli Activist: I was sure we were all going to die.
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以色列行动主义者：我知道我们是去送死
04:20
But there were others around me who weren't even cowering.
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但是我身边的许多人没有一丝畏惧
04:28
Israeli Soldier: A nonviolent protest
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以色列士兵：一场非暴力抗议
04:30
is not going to stop the [unclear].
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无法阻止我们建立这堵墙
04:33
Protester: This is a peaceful march.
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抗议者：这是一场和平的示威游行
04:35
There is no need to use violence.
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我们不需要使用暴力
04:38
Chanting: We can do it! We can do it!
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口号声：我们必胜 我们必胜
04:42
We can do it!
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我们必胜
04:46
Julia Bacha: When I first heard
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朱莉娅·帕夏：当我第一次
04:48
about the story of Budrus,
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听说布德鲁斯的这段故事
04:50
I was surprised
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我感到非常惊讶
04:52
that the international media had failed to cover
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全球媒体居然
04:55
the extraordinary set of events
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没有报道在2003年
04:57
that happened seven years ago,
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也就是七年以前所发生的
04:59
in 2003.
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这一系列了不起的事件
05:01
What was even more surprising
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而更令人吃惊的是
05:03
was the fact that Budrus was successful.
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布德鲁斯最终取得了胜利
05:06
The residents, after 10 months of peaceful resistance,
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经过长达10个月的和平抵抗运动 那里的居民
05:09
convinced the Israeli government
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说服了以色列政府
05:12
to move the route of the barrier off their lands
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将围墙从他们的土地迁出
05:15
and to the green line,
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转而迁到绿线上
05:17
which is the internationally recognized boundary
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也就是国际公认的
05:20
between Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
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巴以领土分界线上
05:23
The resistance in Budrus
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布德鲁斯的抵抗运动的影响
05:25
has since spread
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从此遍及
05:27
to villages across the West Bank
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约旦河西岸的所有村庄
05:29
and to Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem.
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以及耶路撒冷境内的巴勒斯坦人居住区
05:33
Yet the media remains mostly silent
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然而 媒体对这些事件
05:36
on these stories.
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几乎只字未提
05:39
This silence carries profound consequences
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这种漠视
05:42
for the likelihood
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给巴勒斯坦
05:44
that nonviolence can grow,
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非暴力运动的成长
05:46
or even survive,
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甚至生存
05:48
in Palestine.
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产生了沉重的打击
05:50
Violent resistance
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暴力抵抗
05:52
and nonviolent resistance
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和非暴力抵抗
05:54
share one very important thing in common;
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有一个非常重要的共同点
05:58
they are both a form of theater
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两者像一个剧院
06:01
seeking an audience to their cause.
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渴望吸引观众的青睐
06:04
If violent actors
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如果暴力演员
06:06
are the only ones constantly getting front-page covers
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总是领衔主演
06:09
and attracting international attention
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将全球目光
06:11
to the Palestinian issue,
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聚焦巴勒斯坦问题
06:13
it becomes very hard
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那么
06:15
for nonviolent leaders
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非暴力领导人
06:17
to make the case to their communities
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就很难向他们的民众证明
06:19
that civil disobedience
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和平的反抗
06:21
is a viable option
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才是带他们脱离苦海的
06:23
in addressing their plight.
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可行方案
06:25
The power of attention
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在座为人父母的
06:27
is probably going to come as no surprise
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估计对关注的力量
06:29
to the parents in the room.
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并不陌生
06:32
The surest way
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如果孩子第一次闹脾气
06:34
to make your child throw increasingly louder tantrums
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就得到父母的注意
06:37
is by giving him attention
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那么你的孩子以后
06:39
the first time he throws a fit.
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肯定会闹得更厉害
06:41
The tantrum will become
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闹脾气就会成为
06:43
what childhood psychologists call
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儿童心理学家所说的
06:45
a functional behavior,
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功能性行为
06:47
since the child has learned
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孩子学会
06:49
that he can get parental attention out of it.
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用这种方式引起父母的注意
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Parents can incentivize or disincentivize behavior
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父母可以通过
06:57
simply by giving or withdrawing
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关注或不予理睬
06:59
attention to their children.
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来鼓励或抑制此行为
07:02
But that's true for adults too.
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而这也适用于成年人
07:05
In fact, the behavior
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事实上
07:07
of entire communities and countries
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社区和国家的行为
07:09
can be influenced,
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是能够受到影响而改变的
07:11
depending on where
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而这取决于
07:13
the international community chooses
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国际社会
07:15
to focus its attention.
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选择关注的方面
07:18
I believe that at the core of ending the conflict in the Middle East
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我相信 解决中东地区的冲突
07:22
and bringing peace
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给这里带来和平
07:24
is for us
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关键是
07:26
to transform nonviolence
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我们要通过
07:28
into a functional behavior
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更多地关注
07:30
by giving a lot more attention
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当地的非暴力领袖
07:32
to the nonviolent leaders on the ground today.
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来把非暴力行动转变为一种功能性行为
07:36
In the course of taking my film to villages
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在约旦河西岸
07:39
in the West Bank, in Gaza and in East Jerusalem,
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加沙地带以及东耶路撒冷地区拍摄那里的村庄时
07:42
I have seen the impact
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我亲眼目睹了
07:44
that even one documentary film can have
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区区一部纪录片
07:47
in influencing the transformation.
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对行为转变所带来的影响
07:51
In a village called Wallajeh,
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在离耶路撒冷很近的
07:53
which sits very close to Jerusalem,
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一个名叫瓦拉杰的村子
07:56
the community was facing
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那里的村民面临着
07:58
a very similar plight to Budrus.
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与布德鲁斯相似的困境
08:00
They were going to be surrounded, lose a lot of their lands
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他们即将被包围起来 失去大片土地
08:03
and not have freedom of access,
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无法自由进入
08:05
either to the West Bank or Jerusalem.
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约旦河西岸或耶路撒冷
08:08
They had been using nonviolence for about two years
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在进行了长达两年的非暴力抵抗之后
08:11
but had grown disenchanted
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他们最终心灰意冷
08:13
since nobody was paying attention.
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因为他们没有得到任何人的注意
08:16
So we organized a screening.
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于是我们在那里组织播放了纪录片
08:19
A week later,
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一周之后
08:21
they held the most well-attended
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他们组织了一场在当时
08:23
and disciplined
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参与人数最多
08:25
demonstration to date.
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最有纪律的游行示威
08:28
The organizers say
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组织者们说
08:30
that the villagers, upon seeing the story of Budrus
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当村民在纪录片中看到
08:32
documented in a film,
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布德鲁斯的故事
08:34
felt that there were indeed people
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他们感觉到
08:36
following what they were doing,
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确实有人与他们志同道合
08:38
that people cared.
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人们是在乎的
08:40
So they kept on going.
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于是他们没有放弃
08:42
On the Israeli side,
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以色列
08:44
there is a new peace movement called Solidariot,
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有一个新的和平运动 被称为“索里德拉尔特”
08:47
which means solidarity in Hebrew.
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在希伯来语中意为“团结一致”
08:50
The leaders of this movement have been using Budrus
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布德鲁斯的故事成为了这个运动的领导者
08:53
as one of their primary recruiting tools.
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招兵买马的主要手段之一
08:56
They report
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他们反映说
08:58
that Israelis who had never been active before,
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那些从未加入任何运动的以色列人
09:00
upon seeing the film,
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看了纪录片之后
09:02
understand the power of nonviolence
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了解了非暴力抵抗的力量
09:04
and start joining their activities.
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并开始加入他们行动
09:06
The examples of Wallajeh
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瓦拉杰
09:08
and the Solidariot movement
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和索里德拉尔特运动的例子
09:10
show that even a small-budget independent film
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告诉我们 即使是小成本的独立电影
09:14
can play a role
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也能够帮助
09:16
in transforming nonviolence
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非暴力抵抗
09:18
into a functional behavior.
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转变为一种功能性行为
09:21
Now imagine the power
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想象一下
09:23
that big media players could have
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主流媒体若是开始报道
09:26
if they started covering
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每周在贝拉因
09:28
the weekly nonviolent demonstrations
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尼亚林 瓦拉杰等村庄
09:30
happening in villages
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以及耶路撒冷境内的
09:32
like Bil'in, Ni'lin,
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香克哈拉和西路万
09:34
Wallajeh,
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巴勒斯坦居住区里
09:36
in Jerusalem neighborhoods
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发生的非暴力示威活动
09:38
like Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan --
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这将产生多么巨大的力量
09:41
the nonviolent leaders
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更多的人会关注
09:43
would become more visible,
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非暴力运动领导者
09:45
valued and effective
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重视他们
09:47
in their work.
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让他们的工作更有成效
09:50
I believe
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我相信
09:52
that the most important thing
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最重要的是
09:54
is to understand
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我们要认识到
09:56
that if we don't pay attention to these efforts,
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如果我们不关注这些运动
09:59
they are invisible,
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它们就是隐形的
10:01
and it's as if they never happened.
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仿佛从来没有发生过
10:03
But I have seen first hand
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但我以亲身经历为证
10:05
that if we do,
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如果我们关注
10:07
they will multiply.
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这些运动就会得到发展
10:09
If they multiply,
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它们一旦发展
10:11
their influence will grow
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其影响力
10:13
in the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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就会遍及巴以冲突
10:15
And theirs is the kind of influence
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这种影响
10:18
that can finally
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能够最终
10:20
unblock the situation.
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将冲突化解
10:22
These leaders have proven that nonviolence works
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这些领导者证明了非暴力运动
10:25
in places like Budrus.
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在布德鲁斯这样的地方是可行的
10:27
Let's give them attention
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我们一起来关注他们
10:29
so they can prove it works everywhere.
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让他们证明这在任何地方都是可行的
10:32
Thank you.
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谢谢
10:34
(Applause)
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（众人鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julia Bacha - FilmmakerJulia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times.
Why you should listen
Bacha started her filmmaking career writing and editing Control Room (2004), a documentary about the inner workings of the Arab satellite television channel Al Jazeera. She then wrote and co-directed Encounter Point (2006) and directed Budrus (2009), both stories of courageous bridge-building between Palestinians and Israelis in a highly volatile environment. Her most recent film, My Neighborhood (2012), follows a Palestinian teenager struggling to reclaim his home in East Jerusalem from Jewish settlers. She is now directing a film about the Palestinian women who secretly led the First Intifada, for which she was awarded a 2016 Guggenheim Fellowship.
Julia Bacha | Speaker | TED.com