TED2014
Amanda Burden: How public spaces make cities work
Amanda Berden (Amanda Burden): Kako javni prostori čine da gradovi funkcionišu
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Više od osam miliona ljudi živi u prepunom Njujorku. Kako je to moguće? Jednim delom, to je zahvaljujući sjajnim javnim mestima - od malenih parkova do dugačkih šetališta duž obale - gde se može šetati i igrati. Amanda Berden je pomogla da se isplaniraju neka od najnovijih javnih mesta pomoću svog iskustva koje ima kao naučnik za ponašanje životinja, što je iznenađujuće za posao koji radi. Ona deli svoje neočekivane izazove planiranja parkova koje ljudi vole - i zašto su oni važni.
Amanda Burden - Urban planner
As New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden led revitalization of some of the city's most familiar features -- from the High Line to the Brooklyn waterfront. Full bio
As New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden led revitalization of some of the city's most familiar features -- from the High Line to the Brooklyn waterfront. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
When people think about cities,
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Kada misle o gradovima,
00:14
they tend to think of certain things.
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ljudi su skloni da misle
o određenim stvarima.
o određenim stvarima.
00:17
They think of buildings and streets
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Razmišljaju o zgradama i ulicama
00:19
and skyscrapers, noisy cabs.
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i neboderima, bučnim taksijima.
00:21
But when I think about cities,
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Ali kada ja razmišljam o gradovima,
00:23
I think about people.
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razmišljam o ljudima.
00:25
Cities are fundamentally about people,
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U osnovi gradova su ljudi,
00:29
and where people go
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i to kuda se oni kreću,
00:31
and where people meet
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i gde se sastaju,
00:32
are at the core of what makes a city work.
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to je suština toga
kako gradovi funkcionišu.
kako gradovi funkcionišu.
00:35
So even more important than buildings in a city
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Ovo znači da su u odnosu
na zgrade u gradu
na zgrade u gradu
00:39
are the public spaces in between them.
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važniji javni prostori među njima.
00:42
And today, some of the most transformative
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A danas se neke od najznačajnijih
00:44
changes in cities
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promena u gradovima
00:46
are happening in these public spaces.
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dešavaju upravo u javnim prostorima.
00:49
So I believe that lively, enjoyable public spaces
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Tako ja verujem da su javna mesta
puna života i uživanja
puna života i uživanja
00:53
are the key to planning a great city.
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ključna u planiranju divnog grada.
00:56
They are what makes it come alive.
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Oni čine da grad oživi.
01:00
But what makes a public space work?
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Ali šta čini da javni prostor funkcioniše?
01:03
What attracts people to successful public spaces,
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Šta ljude privlači
uspešnim javnim mestima,
uspešnim javnim mestima,
01:07
and what is it about unsuccessful places
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i šta je to što u neuspešnim prostorima
01:09
that keeps people away?
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ljude odbija?
01:12
I thought, if I could answer those questions,
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Pomislila sam da bih,
kada bih mogla odgovoriti na ovo,
kada bih mogla odgovoriti na ovo,
01:15
I could make a huge contribution to my city.
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mogla značajno doprineti svom gradu.
01:19
But one of the more wonky things about me
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Ali jedna od stvari
koje su čudne kod mene,
koje su čudne kod mene,
01:21
is that I am an animal behaviorist,
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jeste da sam stručnjak
za ponašanje životinja
za ponašanje životinja
01:25
and I use those skills not to study animal behavior
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i svoje veštine ne koristim
za proučavanje životinja
za proučavanje životinja
01:29
but to study how people in cities
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već za analizu kako ljudi u gradovima
01:31
use city public spaces.
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koriste javne prostore.
01:34
One of the first spaces that I studied
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Jedan od prvih prostora
koje sam proučavala
koje sam proučavala
01:37
was this little vest pocket park called Paley Park
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jeste ovaj maleni park nazvan park Pejli
01:40
in midtown Manhattan.
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u srednjoj oblasti Menhetna.
01:43
This little space became a small phenomenon,
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Ovaj mali prostor je postao mali fenomen,
01:47
and because it had such a profound impact
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i zbog toga što je značajno uticao
01:50
on New Yorkers,
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na stanovnike Njujorka,
01:51
it made an enormous impression on me.
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ostavio je veliki utisak na mene.
01:55
I studied this park very early on in my career
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Ovaj park sam proučavala
na samom početku svoje karijere
na samom početku svoje karijere
01:58
because it happened to have been built
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jer ga je sagradio
01:59
by my stepfather,
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moj očuh,
02:01
so I knew that places like Paley Park
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tako da sam znala da mesta
poput parka Pejli
poput parka Pejli
02:04
didn't happen by accident.
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ne nastaju slučajno.
02:06
I saw firsthand that they required
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Iz prve ruke sam videla da zahtevaju
02:09
incredible dedication
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izuzetnu posvećenost
02:10
and enormous attention to detail.
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i ogromnu pažnju datu detaljima.
02:13
But what was it about this space
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Ali šta je ovaj prostor
02:15
that made it special and drew people to it?
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načinilo tako posebnim i privuklo ljude?
02:19
Well, I would sit in the park and watch very carefully,
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Sedela bih u parku
i veoma pažljivo gledala,
i veoma pažljivo gledala,
02:21
and first among other things
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i jedna od prvih stvari
02:23
were the comfortable, movable chairs.
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su bile udobne, pokretne stolice.
02:26
People would come in, find their own seat,
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Ljudi bi došli, pronašli svoje mesto,
02:29
move it a bit, actually, and then stay a while,
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te ga malo i pomerili,
i ostali neko vreme
i ostali neko vreme
02:32
and then interestingly,
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a zatim su iznenađujuće,
02:34
people themselves attracted other people,
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sami ljudi privlačili druge ljude,
02:37
and ironically, I felt more peaceful
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i ironično, osećala sam se mirnije
02:40
if there were other people around.
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kada je oko mene bilo još ljudi.
02:42
And it was green.
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I park je bio zelen.
02:44
This little park provided what New Yorkers crave:
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Ovaj mali park je Njujorčanima
pružao ono za čime žude:
pružao ono za čime žude:
02:48
comfort and greenery.
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udobnost i zelenilo.
02:50
But my question was,
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Ali moje pitanje je bilo,
02:52
why weren't there more places with greenery
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zašto nije bilo više mesta sa zelenilom
02:55
and places to sit in the middle of the city
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i prostora za sedenje usred grada
02:57
where you didn't feel alone,
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gde se ne bi osećao usamljenim,
03:00
or like a trespasser?
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ili samo kao prestupnik?
03:02
Unfortunately, that's not how cities
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Nažalost, gradovi nisu tako
03:05
were being designed.
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bili osmišljeni.
03:07
So here you see a familiar sight.
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Ovde vidite poznat prizor.
03:10
This is how plazas have been
designed for generations.
designed for generations.
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Ovako su trgovi generacijama planirani.
03:15
They have that stylish, Spartan look
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Imaju taj stil i spartanski izgled
03:18
that we often associate with modern architecture,
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koji nas često asocira
na modernu arhitekturu,
na modernu arhitekturu,
03:21
but it's not surprising that people
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ali ne iznenađuje što ljudi
03:24
avoid spaces like this.
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izbegavaju ovakva mesta.
03:26
They not only look desolate,
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Ona ne samo što izgledaju napuštena,
03:28
they feel downright dangerous.
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na njima se oseća opasnost.
03:30
I mean, where would you sit here?
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Zaista, gde biste ovde seli?
03:34
What would you do here?
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Šta biste ovde radili?
03:36
But architects love them.
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Ali, arhitekte ih vole.
03:40
They are plinths for their creations.
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Oni su baza njihovog stvaralaštva.
03:43
They might tolerate a sculpture or two,
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Možda tolerišu skulpturu ili dve,
03:45
but that's about it.
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i to je sve.
03:47
And for developers, they are ideal.
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A za investitora su ona idealna.
03:50
There's nothing to water, nothing to maintain,
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Tu nema šta da se zaliva,
niti da se održava,
niti da se održava,
03:52
and no undesirable people to worry about.
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i nema nepoželjnih ljudi
o kojima bi trebalo brinuti.
o kojima bi trebalo brinuti.
03:56
But don't you think this is a waste?
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Zar ne mislite da je to gubitak?
04:00
For me, becoming a city planner
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Za mene je to što sam postala urbanista
04:02
meant being able to truly change the city
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značilo da mogu zapravo promeniti grad
04:05
that I lived in and loved.
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u kom živim i koji volim.
04:07
I wanted to be able to create places
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Htela sam da napravim mesta
04:10
that would give you the feeling that you got
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koja bi vam dala utisak koji se stiče
04:12
in Paley Park,
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u parku Pejli,
04:13
and not allow developers to
build bleak plazas like this.
build bleak plazas like this.
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i da ne dozvolim da investitori grade
sumorne trgove poput ovog.
sumorne trgove poput ovog.
04:18
But over the many years,
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Ali tokom mnogih godina,
04:19
I have learned how hard it is
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naučila sam kako je teško
04:22
to create successful, meaningful,
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napraviti uspešna, značajna,
04:25
enjoyable public spaces.
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prijatna javna mesta.
04:27
As I learned from my stepfather,
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Kao što sam naučila od svog očuha,
04:28
they certainly do not happen by accident,
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ona se ne dešavaju slučajno,
04:30
especially in a city like New York,
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naročito u gradu kao što je Njujork,
04:33
where public space has to
be fought for to begin with,
be fought for to begin with,
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gde se za početak
treba boriti za javne prostore,
treba boriti za javne prostore,
04:37
and then for them to be successful,
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a da bi zatim bila uspešna,
04:39
somebody has to think very hard
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neko treba da dobro razmisli
04:41
about every detail.
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o svakom detalju.
04:43
Now, open spaces in cities are opportunities.
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Otvoreni prostori u gradu su prilike.
04:47
Yes, they are opportunities
for commercial investment,
for commercial investment,
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Da, to su prilike
za komercijalnu investiciju,
za komercijalnu investiciju,
04:50
but they are also opportunities for the common good
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ali to su takođe prilike
za dobro zajednice
za dobro zajednice
04:54
of the city,
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u gradu,
04:56
and those two goals are often
not aligned with one another,
not aligned with one another,
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a ta dva cilja često nisu usklađena,
04:59
and therein lies the conflict.
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i tu se nalazi sukob.
05:02
The first opportunity I had to fight
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Prva prilika gde sam se borila
05:05
for a great public open space was in the early 1980s,
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za sjajan javni prostor je bilo
u ranim 1980-im godinama,
u ranim 1980-im godinama,
05:08
when I was leading a team of planners
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kada sam predvodila tim urbanista
05:10
at a gigantic landfill called Battery Park City
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na ogromnoj deponiji Bateri park siti
05:13
in lower Manhattan on the Hudson River.
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u donjem Menhetnu, uz reku Hadson.
05:16
And this sandy wasteland had lain barren
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Ta peščana deponija je bila napuštena
05:19
for 10 years,
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10 godina,
05:20
and we were told, unless we found a developer
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i rečeno nam je da bi,
osim ako pronađemo investitora
osim ako pronađemo investitora
05:23
in six months, it would go bankrupt.
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za šest meseci, ta deponija propala.
05:25
So we came up with a radical,
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Došli smo do radikalne,
05:27
almost insane idea.
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gotovo lude ideje.
05:29
Instead of building a park
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Umesto da napravimo park
05:31
as a complement to future development,
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kao prateći sadržaj budućeg naselja,
05:34
why don't we reverse that equation
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zašto ne bismo preokrenuli situaciju
05:36
and build a small but very high-quality
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i prvo izgradili mali,
ali veoma kvalitetan
ali veoma kvalitetan
05:39
public open space first,
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otvoreni javni prostor,
05:41
and see if that made a difference.
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da bismo videli da li će ovo
nešto promeniti.
nešto promeniti.
05:44
So we only could afford to build a two-block section
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Mogli smo samo da priuštimo dva bloka,
05:48
of what would become a mile-long esplanade,
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da izgradimo šetalište dugo kilometar ipo,
05:51
so whatever we built had to be perfect.
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što znači da je to moralo biti savršeno.
05:54
So just to make sure, I insisted
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I da bismo bili sigurni, insistirala sam
05:57
that we build a mock-up
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da napravimo maketu
05:59
in wood, at scale, of the railing and the sea wall.
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od drveta, u razmeri,
sa ogradom i morskim zidom.
sa ogradom i morskim zidom.
06:03
And when I sat down on that test bench
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I kada sam sela na probnu klupu
06:06
with sand still swirling all around me,
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sa peskom koji se kovitlao oko mene,
06:09
the railing hit exactly at eye level,
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ograda je bila tačno u visini mojih očiju,
06:12
blocking my view and ruining my experience
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zaklanjajući mi pogled
i kvareći mi doživljaj
i kvareći mi doživljaj
06:15
at the water's edge.
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na ivici mora.
06:18
So you see, details really do make a difference.
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Dakle, detalji stvarno
mogu napraviti razliku.
mogu napraviti razliku.
06:21
But design is not just how something looks,
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Ali dizajn nije samo to
kako nešto izgleda,
kako nešto izgleda,
06:25
it's how your body feels on that seat in that space,
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već kako vam se telo oseća
na tom sedištu u tom prostoru,
na tom sedištu u tom prostoru,
06:31
and I believe that successful design always depends
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i verujem da uspešan dizajn uvek zavisi
06:34
on that very individual experience.
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od tog veoma ličnog iskustva.
06:37
In this photo, everything looks very finished,
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Na ovoj fotografiji, sve izgleda završeno,
06:42
but that granite edge, those lights,
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ali ta ivica granita, ta svetla,
06:44
the back on that bench,
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naslon te klupe,
06:46
the trees in planting,
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zasađeno drveće,
06:48
and the many different kinds of places to sit
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i mnoga različita mesta za sedenje
06:51
were all little battles that turned this project
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su bile male pobede
koje su ovaj projekat pretvorile
koje su ovaj projekat pretvorile
06:54
into a place that people wanted to be.
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u mesto na kom ljudi žele da budu.
06:58
Now, this proved very valuable 20 years later
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Ovo se pokazalo veoma vrednim
20 godina kasnije
20 godina kasnije
07:02
when Michael Bloomberg asked me to be
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kada mi je Majkl Blumberg
ponudio da postanem
ponudio da postanem
07:04
his planning commissioner
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njegov poverenik za planiranje
07:05
and put me in charge of shaping
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i poverio mi da oblikujem
07:07
the entire city of New York.
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ceo grad Njujork.
07:09
And he said to me on that very day,
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Tog dana mi je rekao,
07:11
he said that New York was projected
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da se predviđa da će Njujork
07:13
to grow from eight to nine million people.
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narasti sa osam
na devet miliona stanovnika.
na devet miliona stanovnika.
07:16
And he asked me,
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Pitao me je:
07:18
"So where are you going to put
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"I gde ćeš postaviti
07:20
one million additional New Yorkers?"
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dodatni milion Njujorčana?"
07:22
Well, I didn't have any idea.
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Tada nisam imala nikakvu ideju.
07:25
Now, you know that New York does
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Znate da Njujork polaže
07:28
place a high value on attracting immigrants,
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puno na privlačenje imigranata,
07:31
so we were excited about the prospect of growth,
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i bili smo uzbuđeni zbog ovog rasta,
07:34
but honestly, where were we going to grow
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ali iskreno, pitali smo se
gde ćemo rasti
gde ćemo rasti
07:37
in a city that was already built out to its edges
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u gradu koji je već bio
izgrađen do svojih granica
izgrađen do svojih granica
07:40
and surrounded by water?
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i okružen vodom?
07:43
How were we going to find housing
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Kako ćemo pronaći mesta za život
07:44
for that many new New Yorkers?
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za toliko novih Njujorčana?
07:47
And if we couldn't spread out,
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Ako ne možemo da proširimo grad,
07:49
which was probably a good thing,
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što je verovatno bilo dobro,
07:50
where could new housing go?
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gde bi novo stanovanje bilo?
07:53
And what about cars?
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A automobili?
07:55
Our city couldn't possibly handle any more cars.
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Naš grad nikako ne bi podneo
još automobila.
još automobila.
07:59
So what were we going to do?
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Dakle, šta ćemo uraditi?
08:02
If we couldn't spread out, we had to go up.
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Ako ne možemo da se proširimo,
morali bismo da rastemo u visinu.
morali bismo da rastemo u visinu.
08:06
And if we had to go up,
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1034
A kada bismo morali rasti u visinu,
morali bismo rasti tamo
morali bismo rasti tamo
08:07
we had to go up in places
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1782
08:09
where you wouldn't need to own a car.
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2009
gde nam automobil ne bi ni trebao.
08:11
So that meant using one of our greatest assets:
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A to znači da bismo koristili
naše najveće preimućstvo:
naše najveće preimućstvo:
08:13
our transit system.
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naš sistem prevoza.
08:16
But we had never before thought
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Ali ranije nismo razmišljali
08:17
of how we could make the most of it.
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o tome kako ga
na najbolji način iskoristiti.
na najbolji način iskoristiti.
08:20
So here was the answer to our puzzle.
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I tu se krio odgovor na naše probleme.
08:23
If we were to channel and redirect
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Ako je potrebno
da kanališemo i preusmerimo
da kanališemo i preusmerimo
08:27
all new development around transit,
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2294
novu izgradnju oko tranzita,
08:29
we could actually handle that population increase,
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zapravo bismo mogli
da izdržimo povećanje naseljenosti,
da izdržimo povećanje naseljenosti,
08:32
we thought.
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pomislili smo.
08:34
And so here was the plan,
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2558
I tu je bio plan,
08:36
what we really needed to do:
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ono što je trebalo uraditi:
08:38
We needed to redo our zoning --
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2848
Bilo je potrebno
da preradimo naše zoniranje -
da preradimo naše zoniranje -
08:41
and zoning is the city planner's regulatory tool --
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3351
a zonama urbanisti regulišu grad -
08:44
and basically reshape the entire city,
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3311
i praktično preoblikujemo ceo grad,
08:47
targeting where new development could go
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2145
ciljajući gde bi nova izgradnja
bila moguća,
bila moguća,
08:50
and prohibiting any development at all
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2191
i zabranimo građenje
08:52
in our car-oriented,
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1714
u prigradskim naseljima,
08:54
suburban-style neighborhoods.
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2162
gde se prevozi automobilom.
08:56
Well, this was an unbelievably ambitious idea,
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3732
Ovo je bila neverovatno ambiciozna ideja,
08:59
ambitious because communities
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2576
ambiciozna jer su zajednice
09:02
had to approve those plans.
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3615
morale te planove odobriti.
09:06
So how was I going to get this done?
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3019
Kako sam mogla to da uradim?
09:09
By listening. So I began listening,
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2908
Slušajući. I, počela sam da slušam,
09:12
in fact, thousands of hours of listening
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3354
da slušam na hiljade sati
09:15
just to establish trust.
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543396
1818
kako bih razvila poverenje.
09:17
You know, communities can tell
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2089
Znate, zajednice mogu reći
09:19
whether or not you understand their neighborhoods.
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2152
da li razumemo njihova naselja.
09:21
It's not something you can just fake.
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3096
Tako nešto se ne može lažirati.
09:24
And so I began walking.
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2706
I počela sam da idem pešice.
09:27
I can't tell you how many blocks I walked,
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2320
Ne mogu ni reći koliko sam
blokova zgrada prešla pešice,
blokova zgrada prešla pešice,
09:29
in sweltering summers, in freezing winters,
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557577
3409
tokom znojavih leta, smrznutih zima,
09:32
year after year,
208
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1830
godinu za godinom,
09:34
just so I could get to understand
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2088
samo da bih mogla razumeti
09:36
the DNA of each neighborhood
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564904
2027
srž svakog naselja
09:38
and know what each street felt like.
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2575
i osetiti svaku ulicu.
09:41
I became an incredibly geeky zoning expert,
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3495
Postala sam veliki štreber
koji poznaje gradske zone,
koji poznaje gradske zone,
09:45
finding ways that zoning could address
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573001
2069
pronalazeći načine
na koje bi zoniranje moglo rešiti
na koje bi zoniranje moglo rešiti
09:47
communities' concerns.
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2062
brige zajednica.
09:49
So little by little, neighborhood by neighborhood,
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2572
I malo po malo, naselje po naselje,
09:51
block by block,
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1435
blok po blok,
09:53
we began to set height limits
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581139
1873
počeli smo da definišemo granične visine
09:55
so that all new development
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583012
1732
kako bi nova gradnja
09:56
would be predictable and near transit.
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3617
mogla da bude predvidiva
i blizu tranzita.
i blizu tranzita.
10:00
Over the course of 12 years,
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1781
Tokom 12 godina
10:02
we were able to rezone
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2469
uspeli smo da promenimo zone
10:04
124 neighborhoods,
222
592611
2569
u 124 naselja,
10:07
40 percent of the city,
223
595180
2779
na 40% gradske površine,
10:09
12,500 blocks, so that now,
224
597959
4539
u 12.500 blokova, tako da je sada
10:14
90 percent of all new development of New York
225
602498
3237
90% nove gradnje u Njujorku
10:17
is within a 10-minute walk of a subway.
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2648
na 10 minuta hoda od podzemne železnice.
10:20
In other words, nobody in those new buildings
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2650
Drugim rečima: nikom u tim novim zgradama
10:23
needs to own a car.
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611033
1876
automobil nije potreban.
10:24
Well, those rezonings were exhausting
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4093
Te izmene zona su bile iscrpljujuće
10:29
and enervating and important,
230
617002
3038
i iscrpne i važne,
10:32
but rezoning was never my mission.
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2550
ali izmene zona nikad nisu bile moj cilj.
10:34
You can't see zoning and you can't feel zoning.
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Zone ne možete videti i osetiti.
10:38
My mission was always to create
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2088
Moj cilj je uvek bio da napravim
10:40
great public spaces.
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628169
1924
odlična javna mesta.
10:42
So in the areas where we zoned
for significant development,
for significant development,
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3892
Tako sam u delovima gde smo zonirali
zbog značajne izgradnje,
zbog značajne izgradnje,
10:45
I was determined to create places
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2191
bila odlučna da stvorim mesta
10:48
that would make a difference in people's lives.
237
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2694
koja bi donela promenu u ljudske živote.
10:50
Here you see what was
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638870
2086
Ovde možete videti ono što je bilo
10:52
two miles of abandoned, degraded waterfront
239
640956
2424
tri kilometra napuštene
i uništene rečne obale.
i uništene rečne obale.
10:55
in the neighborhoods of Greenpoint
240
643380
1767
U naseljima Grinpoint
10:57
and Williamsburg in Brooklyn,
241
645147
1782
i Vilijamsburg u Bruklinu,
10:58
impossible to get to and impossible to use.
242
646929
3560
bilo je nemoguće doći do obale
i koristiti je.
i koristiti je.
11:02
Now the zoning here was massive,
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650489
2494
Tadašnje zone su tu bile mnogobrojna,
11:04
so I felt an obligation to create
244
652983
3022
i osećala sam obavezu da napravim
11:08
magnificent parks on these waterfronts,
245
656005
3025
divne parkove na tim obalama,
11:11
and I spent an incredible amount of time
246
659030
2740
i provela sam puno vremena
11:13
on every square inch of these plans.
247
661770
3105
na svakom deliću ovih planova.
11:16
I wanted to make sure that there were
248
664875
2065
Htela sam da se postaram da tu budu
11:18
tree-lined paths from the upland to the water,
249
666940
2539
staze sa drvoredima od nasipa ka vodi,
11:21
that there were trees and plantings everywhere,
250
669479
2411
da su svuda zasađeni drveće i zelenilo,
11:23
and, of course, lots and lots of places to sit.
251
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4188
i naravno veoma mnogo mesta za sedenje.
11:28
Honestly, I had no idea how it would turn out.
252
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3370
Iskreno, nisam znala kako će sve ispasti.
11:31
I had to have faith.
253
679448
1625
Morala sam verovati da će sve biti dobro.
11:33
But I put everything that I had studied and learned
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681073
2963
Ali sam u planove uložila
11:36
into those plans.
255
684036
1734
sve što sam naučila.
11:37
And then it opened,
256
685770
1660
I kada je to otvoreno,
11:39
and I have to tell you, it was incredible.
257
687430
3287
moram priznati da je bilo neverovatno.
11:42
People came from all over the city
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690717
2085
Ljudi iz celog grada su došli
11:44
to be in these parks.
259
692802
1657
da provedu vreme u tim parkovima.
11:46
I know they changed the lives
of the people who live there,
of the people who live there,
260
694459
3420
Znam da su promenili živote
ljudi koji su tu stanovali,
ljudi koji su tu stanovali,
11:49
but they also changed New Yorkers' whole image
261
697879
2495
ali su takođe promenili
kako su Njujorčani videli
kako su Njujorčani videli
11:52
of their city.
262
700374
1776
svoj grad.
11:54
I often come down and watch people
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702150
1579
Često dolazim i posmatram ljude
kako se penju na taj mali trajekt
kako se penju na taj mali trajekt
11:55
get on this little ferry
264
703729
1516
11:57
that now runs between the boroughs,
265
705245
1978
koji sada vozi među naseljima,
11:59
and I can't tell you why,
266
707223
1487
i ne mogu reći zašto,
12:00
but I'm completely moved
267
708710
1572
ali me je potpuno ganula
12:02
by the fact that people are using it
268
710282
2147
činjenica da to ljudi koriste
12:04
as if it had always been there.
269
712429
2182
kao da je oduvek tamo.
12:06
And here is a new park in lower Manhattan.
270
714611
3273
A ovo je novi park
u donjem delu Menhetna.
u donjem delu Menhetna.
12:09
Now, the water's edge in lower Manhattan
271
717884
2757
Rečna obala u donjem Menhetnu
12:12
was a complete mess before 9/11.
272
720641
2933
je pre 11. septembra bila sva u neredu.
12:15
Wall Street was essentially landlocked
273
723574
1915
Vol strit je u suštini ograničen kopnom
12:17
because you couldn't get anywhere near this edge.
274
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2586
jer se nije moglo prići ovoj ivici.
12:20
And after 9/11, the city had very little control.
275
728075
3834
A nakon 11. septembra,
grad je imao vrlo malo kontrole.
grad je imao vrlo malo kontrole.
12:23
But I thought if we went
276
731909
1545
Ali ja sam pomislila da, ako bismo otišli
12:25
to the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation
277
733454
2145
u korporaciju
Louer Menhetn Development
Louer Menhetn Development
12:27
and got money to reclaim this two miles
278
735599
2961
i pribavili novac za povraćaj
ova tri kilometra
ova tri kilometra
12:30
of degraded waterfront
279
738560
1796
degradirane obale
12:32
that it would have an enormous effect
280
740356
1851
to bi imalo ogroman uticaj
12:34
on the rebuilding of lower Manhattan.
281
742207
2461
na ponovnu izgradnju donjeg Menhetna.
12:36
And it did.
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744668
1180
I tako je bilo.
12:37
Lower Manhattan finally has a public waterfront
283
745848
3391
Donji Menhetn konačno ima javnu obalu
12:41
on all three sides.
284
749239
2114
na sve tri strane.
12:43
I really love this park.
285
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2384
Zaista volim ovaj park.
12:45
You know, railings have to be higher now,
286
753737
2225
Ograde treba da su sada više,
12:47
so we put bar seating at the edge,
287
755962
2544
tako da smo postavili
barske stolice na ivicu,
barske stolice na ivicu,
12:50
and you can get so close to the water
288
758506
2112
tako da možete toliko prići vodi
12:52
you're practically on it.
289
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1728
da ste praktično zagazili u nju.
12:54
And see how the railing widens
290
762346
1869
I vidite kako se ograda proširuje
12:56
and flattens out so you can lay down
291
764215
1416
i postaje ravna da
biste na nju moguli postaviti
biste na nju moguli postaviti
12:57
your lunch or your laptop.
292
765631
1882
svoj ručak ili laptop.
12:59
And I love when people come there
293
767513
1980
Volim kada ljudi dođu ovde
13:01
and look up and they say,
294
769493
1860
razgledaju i kažu,
13:03
"Wow, there's Brooklyn, and it's so close."
295
771353
4027
"Vidi, tamo je Bruklin, i tako je blizu."
13:07
So what's the trick?
296
775380
2352
I gde je tu trik?
13:09
How do you turn a park
297
777732
1809
Kako pretvoriti park
13:11
into a place that people want to be?
298
779541
3166
u mesto na kom ljudi žele biti?
13:14
Well, it's up to you,
299
782707
2843
Pa, to je na vama,
13:17
not as a city planner but as a human being.
300
785550
3365
ne kao urbanisti, već kao ljudskom biću.
13:20
You don't tap into your design expertise.
301
788915
3400
Za ovo ne koristite dizajnerska znanja.
13:24
You tap into your humanity.
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792315
3515
Ovde se radi sa humanošću.
13:27
I mean, would you want to go there?
303
795830
3326
Zaista, da li biste voleli otići tamo?
13:31
Would you want to stay there?
304
799156
1983
Da li biste tamo voleli da ostanete?
13:33
Can you see into it and out of it?
305
801139
2138
Možete li videti ka unutra i ka spolja?
13:35
Are there other people there?
306
803277
2252
Da li su tamo i drugi ljudi?
13:37
Does it seem green and friendly?
307
805529
2647
Da li se čini zelenim i prijateljskim?
13:40
Can you find your very own seat?
308
808176
3238
Da li možete sebi naći mesto za sedenje?
13:43
Well now, all over New York City,
309
811414
3029
Sada se širom Njujorka
13:46
there are places where you can
310
814443
1504
nalaze mesta gde možete
13:47
find your very own seat.
311
815947
1854
sebi naći mesto za sedenje.
13:49
Where there used to be parking spaces,
312
817801
2522
Tamo gde su nekada bili parkinzi,
13:52
there are now pop-up cafes.
313
820323
2293
sada su mali kafei.
13:54
Where Broadway traffic used to run,
314
822616
1978
Tamo kuda je saobraćaj Brodveja
nekada prolazio,
nekada prolazio,
13:56
there are now tables and chairs.
315
824594
1964
sada su stolovi i stolice.
13:58
Where 12 years ago, sidewalk
cafes were not allowed,
cafes were not allowed,
316
826558
3554
Gde su pre 12 godina
kafei na trotoaru bili zabranjeni,
kafei na trotoaru bili zabranjeni,
14:02
they are now everywhere.
317
830112
1973
sada se nalaze svuda.
14:04
But claiming these spaces for public use
318
832085
2995
A pretvaranje ovih mesta u javna
14:07
was not simple,
319
835080
1139
nije bilo jednostavno,
14:08
and it's even harder to keep them that way.
320
836219
2662
i čak je teže održati ih.
14:10
So now I'm going to tell you a story
321
838881
1689
Sada ću vam ispričati priču
14:12
about a very unusual park called the High Line.
322
840570
4280
o veoma neobičnom parku Haj Lajn.
14:16
The High Line was an elevated railway.
323
844850
2054
Haj Lajn je bio uzdignuta pruga.
14:18
(Applause)
324
846904
6631
(Aplauz)
14:25
The High Line was an elevated railway
325
853535
2276
Haj Lajn je bio uzdignuta pruga
14:27
that ran through three neighborhoods
326
855811
1812
koja je tekla kroz tri naselja
14:29
on Manhattan's West Side,
327
857623
1870
na zapadnoj strani Menhetna,
14:31
and when the train stopped running,
328
859493
1745
i kada je voz prestao da ide,
14:33
it became a self-seeded landscape,
329
861238
2156
ovo je zaraslo
14:35
a kind of a garden in the sky.
330
863394
2607
u nekakvu baštu na nebu.
14:38
And when I saw it the first time,
331
866001
2149
Kada sam to prvi put videla,
14:40
honestly, when I went up on that old viaduct,
332
868150
2646
iskreno, kada sam se prvi put popela,
14:42
I fell in love the way you fall in love with a person,
333
870796
2816
zaljubila sam se
kao što se da zaljubiti u osobu,
kao što se da zaljubiti u osobu,
14:45
honestly.
334
873612
1227
iskreno.
14:46
And when I was appointed,
335
874839
2121
I kada sam se zaposlila,
14:48
saving the first two sections of the High Line
336
876960
2076
spašavanje prve dve trase Haj Lajna
14:51
from demolition became my first priority
337
879036
3372
od rušenja je postao moj prioritet
14:54
and my most important project.
338
882408
2672
i moj najvažniji projekat.
14:57
I knew if there was a day that I didn't
339
885080
3268
Znala sam da kada
samo jedan dan
samo jedan dan
15:00
worry about the High Line, it would come down.
340
888348
3603
ne bih brinula o Haj Lajnu,
to bi bilo srušeno.
to bi bilo srušeno.
15:03
And the High Line,
341
891951
1989
A Haj Lajn,
15:05
even though it is widely known now
342
893940
2460
iako je to mesto slavno danas
15:08
and phenomenally popular,
343
896400
1819
i izuzetno popularno,
15:10
it is the most contested public space in the city.
344
898219
3904
je najosporeniji javni prostor u gradu.
15:14
You might see a beautiful park,
345
902123
2875
Vama se čini kao divan park,
15:16
but not everyone does.
346
904998
2447
ali ne misle svi tako.
15:19
You know, it's true, commercial interests
347
907445
2637
Znate, istina je, komercijalni interesi
15:22
will always battle against public space.
348
910082
3217
će se uvek boriti protiv javnih prostora.
15:25
You might say,
349
913299
1824
Možete reći:
15:27
"How wonderful it is that more than
350
915123
1570
"Divno je to što više
15:28
four million people come from all over the world
351
916693
2431
od četiri miliona ljudi iz celog sveta
15:31
to visit the High Line."
352
919124
1647
posećuje Haj Lajn."
15:32
Well, a developer sees just one thing: customers.
353
920771
4616
Ali investitor
to vidi drugačije: klijenti.
to vidi drugačije: klijenti.
15:37
Hey, why not take out those plantings
354
925387
2725
Zašto ne bismo iskopali ove biljke
15:40
and have shops all along the High Line?
355
928112
2008
i otvorili prodavnice duž Haj Lajna?
15:42
Wouldn't that be terrific
356
930120
1497
Zar ne bi bilo odlično
15:43
and won't it mean a lot more money for the city?
357
931617
2535
i donelo više novca gradu?
15:46
Well no, it would not be terrific.
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2492
Ne, to ne bi bilo odlično.
15:48
It would be a mall, and not a park.
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To bi bio tržni centar, a ne park.
15:51
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
15:59
And you know what, it might mean
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1508
I moglo bi značiti
16:00
more money for the city,
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2210
više novca za grad,
16:03
but a city has to take the long view,
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4049
ali grad mora planirati dugoročno,
16:07
the view for the common good.
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2936
za opšte dobro.
16:10
Most recently, the last section of the High Line,
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3715
Nedavno je krajnja trasa Haj Lajna,
16:13
the third section of the High Line,
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1616
to je treća trasa Haj Lajna,
16:15
the final section of the High Line,
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1570
krajnja trasa Haj Lajna,
16:16
has been pitted against development interests,
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2802
bila spašena od interesa investitora,
16:19
where some of the city's leading developers
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967728
2300
gde je nekoliko
vodećih gradskih investitora
vodećih gradskih investitora
16:22
are building more than 17 million square feet
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2682
gradilo više od 2 kvadratna kilometra
16:24
at the Hudson Yards.
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2300
na Hadson Jardsu.
16:27
And they came to me and proposed
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1961
Došli su i predložili mi
16:28
that they "temporarily disassemble"
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2559
da "privremeno demontiraju"
16:31
that third and final section.
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2730
tu treću, krajnju trasu.
16:34
Perhaps the High Line didn't fit in
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2463
Možda se Haj Lajn ne uklapa
16:36
with their image of a gleaming city of skyscrapers
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2887
u sliku svetlucavih gradskih nebodera
16:39
on a hill.
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1463
na brdu.
16:41
Perhaps it was just in their way.
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2724
Možda im je samo smetao.
16:43
But in any case, it took nine months
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2488
U svakom slučaju,
trebalo je devet meseci
trebalo je devet meseci
16:46
of nonstop daily negotiation
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2474
neprekidnih svakodnevnih pregovora
16:48
to finally get the signed agreement
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2013
da bi se konačno potpisala
16:50
to prohibit its demolition,
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2024
zabrana ovog rušenja,
16:52
and that was only two years ago.
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3809
i to je bilo pre samo dve godine.
16:56
So you see, no matter how popular
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Vidite, bez obzira koliko je popularno
16:59
and successful a public space may be,
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2836
i uspešno neko javno mesto,
17:01
it can never be taken for granted.
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2416
ne može se uzeti zdravo za gotovo.
17:04
Public spaces always -- this is it saved --
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2581
Javnim mestima uvek - ako se sačuvaju -
17:06
public spaces always need vigilant champions,
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3712
javnim mestima su uvek
potrebni budni borci,
potrebni budni borci,
17:10
not only to claim them at the outset for public use,
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3700
ne samo da ih sačuvaju
za prvenstveno javnu upotrebu,
za prvenstveno javnu upotrebu,
17:14
but to design them for the people that use them,
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3531
već da ih projektuju za korisnike,
17:17
then to maintain them to ensure
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2031
a zatim održavaju da bi bili sigurni
17:19
that they are for everyone,
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1970
da su za svakog,
17:21
that they are not violated, invaded,
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2413
da nisu narušena, demolirana,
17:24
abandoned or ignored.
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2637
napuštena ili zanemarena.
17:26
If there is any one lesson
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1644
Ako postoji jedna lekcija
17:28
that I have learned in my life as a city planner,
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3152
koju sam naučila
u svom urbanističkom radu,
u svom urbanističkom radu,
17:31
it is that public spaces have power.
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3760
to je da javna mesta imaju moć.
17:35
It's not just the number of people using them,
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3069
Nju ne čini samo broj korisnika,
17:38
it's the even greater number of people
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1954
nego mnogo veći broj ljudi
17:40
who feel better about their city
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2119
koji se osećaju bolje u svom gradu
17:42
just knowing that they are there.
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3232
samim tim što su tamo.
17:45
Public space can change how you live in a city,
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3472
Javna mesta mogu promeniti
to kako živite u gradu,
to kako živite u gradu,
17:49
how you feel about a city,
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2170
kako se u njemu osećate,
17:51
whether you choose one city over another,
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3288
koji grad ćete odabrati,
17:54
and public space is one of
the most important reasons
the most important reasons
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i javno mesto je jedno
od najbitnijih razloga
od najbitnijih razloga
17:57
why you stay in a city.
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zašto u gradu ostajete.
18:00
I believe that a successful city
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Verujem da je uspešan grad
18:03
is like a fabulous party.
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2621
kao odlična žurka.
18:05
People stay because they are having a great time.
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3905
Ljudi ostaju jer se sjajno provode.
18:09
Thank you.
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1943
Hvala.
18:11
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
18:17
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amanda Burden - Urban plannerAs New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden led revitalization of some of the city's most familiar features -- from the High Line to the Brooklyn waterfront.
Why you should listen
With a keen eye for detail that extends to the most humble park bench -- and a gift for convincing developers and bureaucrats of her vision -- former New York City Planning Commissioner Amanda Burden rebuilt New York City.
Taking inspiration from her mentor, the influential urban theorist William H. “Holly” Whyte, Burden stepped out of the society pages (she's Babe Paley's daughter) and into a high-profile development career, which started with the planning and design of Battery Park and brought her to the Bloomberg administration. Her high design standards and flair for human-scale public spaces (as she told the Wall Street Journal, "You can actually change a city by a small stroke") ensures that her legacy will be an enduring element of New York’s urban landscape. Post-mayoralty, she is joining Mike Bloomberg's newly established global consultancy, Bloomberg Associates, as one of the founding Principals (along with Janette Sadik-Khan, former traffic commisioner).
Amanda Burden | Speaker | TED.com