TED2014
Amanda Burden: How public spaces make cities work
阿曼达·博顿: 公共空间怎样让城市生动起来？
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纽约市有超过八百万人拥挤地生活在一起。是什么让这成为可能？一部分是因为优质的公共空间 -- 从微小的口袋公园，到狭长的海滨长廊 -- 人们可以在其中游玩。作为动物行为学家，阿曼达·博顿基于她的经验，协助规划了一些城市中最新的公共空间。她分享了自己规划那些广受喜爱的公园时所受到的意外挑战；以及公共空间在人们生活中的重要性。
Amanda Burden - Urban planner
As New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden led revitalization of some of the city's most familiar features -- from the High Line to the Brooklyn waterfront. Full bio
As New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden led revitalization of some of the city's most familiar features -- from the High Line to the Brooklyn waterfront. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
当人们想到城市时，
00:13
When people think about cities,
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00:14
they tend to think of certain things.
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他们倾向于想一些具体的东西。
00:17
They think of buildings and streets
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他们会想到楼房与街道，
00:19
and skyscrapers, noisy cabs.
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摩天大厦和吵闹的计程车。
00:21
But when I think about cities,
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但当我想到城市的时候，
00:23
I think about people.
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我会想到人。
00:25
Cities are fundamentally about people,
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城市本质上是关于人，
00:29
and where people go
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关于人们去向何处，
00:31
and where people meet
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和人们在何处相遇，
00:32
are at the core of what makes a city work.
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这些才是让一个城市成为一个城市的核心。
00:35
So even more important than buildings in a city
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所以在城市中比楼房更重要的是
00:39
are the public spaces in between them.
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它们之间的公共空间。
00:42
And today, some of the most transformative
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今天，一些城市中
00:44
changes in cities
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最具变革性的改变
00:46
are happening in these public spaces.
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正发生在这些公共空间中。
00:49
So I believe that lively, enjoyable public spaces
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所以我相信，生动并使人愉快的公共空间
00:53
are the key to planning a great city.
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是城市规划的关键。
00:56
They are what makes it come alive.
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它们让城市充满生气。
01:00
But what makes a public space work?
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但是什么让公共空间正常运作呢？
01:03
What attracts people to successful public spaces,
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是什么吸引人们到成功的公共空间？
01:07
and what is it about unsuccessful places
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又是什么原因导致
那些不成功的公共空间
那些不成功的公共空间
01:09
that keeps people away?
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无人问津呢？
01:12
I thought, if I could answer those questions,
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我想，如果我可以回答那些问题，
01:15
I could make a huge contribution to my city.
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我就可以为我的城市做出巨大的贡献。
01:19
But one of the more wonky things about me
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但是我有一个问题，
01:21
is that I am an animal behaviorist,
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我是一位动物行为主义者，
01:25
and I use those skills not to study animal behavior
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但是我不用那些知识研究动物的行为，
01:29
but to study how people in cities
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而是去研究城市中的人们
01:31
use city public spaces.
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如何使用公共空间。
01:34
One of the first spaces that I studied
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我的第一个研究对象
01:37
was this little vest pocket park called Paley Park
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是这个位于曼哈顿市中心
01:40
in midtown Manhattan.
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叫做佩利的小公园。
01:43
This little space became a small phenomenon,
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这小小的空间成为了一个小现象，
01:47
and because it had such a profound impact
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它对纽约市民
01:50
on New Yorkers,
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有着深刻的影响，
01:51
it made an enormous impression on me.
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我因此对它有了很深的印象。
01:55
I studied this park very early on in my career
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在职业生涯早期，我研究这个公园
01:58
because it happened to have been built
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因为它正好是我
01:59
by my stepfather,
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继父所建造的，
02:01
so I knew that places like Paley Park
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所以我知道像佩利公园这样的地方
02:04
didn't happen by accident.
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不是凭空发生的意外。
02:06
I saw firsthand that they required
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我最直观地看到，像佩利公园这样的地方
02:09
incredible dedication
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需要设计者不可思议的努力，
02:10
and enormous attention to detail.
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和对细节的极大关注。
02:13
But what was it about this space
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但是，是什么
02:15
that made it special and drew people to it?
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让这个地方这么特别，并吸引人们前往？
02:19
Well, I would sit in the park and watch very carefully,
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我会坐在公园里仔细地观察，
02:21
and first among other things
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最先进入眼帘的是
02:23
were the comfortable, movable chairs.
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那些舒适的移动座椅。
02:26
People would come in, find their own seat,
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人们愿意来这里，找到他们自己的座位，
02:29
move it a bit, actually, and then stay a while,
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稍微调节位置，之后呆上一会，
02:32
and then interestingly,
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更有趣的是，
02:34
people themselves attracted other people,
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人们自身会吸引更多的人，
02:37
and ironically, I felt more peaceful
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矛盾的是，如果周围有别的人
02:40
if there were other people around.
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我反而会感到更加安宁。
02:42
And it was green.
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其次是因为绿色。
02:44
This little park provided what New Yorkers crave:
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这个小小的公园提供纽约市民所向往的：
02:48
comfort and greenery.
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舒适与绿化。
02:50
But my question was,
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但我的问题是，
02:52
why weren't there more places with greenery
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为什么没有更多的
02:55
and places to sit in the middle of the city
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有绿化、有座位、位于市中心的地方，
02:57
where you didn't feel alone,
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不会让你感到孤独，
03:00
or like a trespasser?
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不感到自己像个闯入者呢？
03:02
Unfortunately, that's not how cities
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不幸的是，那不是从前
03:05
were being designed.
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设计城市的方式。
03:07
So here you see a familiar sight.
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这里你看到了熟悉的一幕。
03:10
This is how plazas have been
designed for generations.
designed for generations.
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这是广场一贯的设计风格。
03:15
They have that stylish, Spartan look
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它们有着优雅简朴的外观，
03:18
that we often associate with modern architecture,
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我们通常将其和现代建筑联系到一起，
03:21
but it's not surprising that people
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人们会避免这样的地方，
03:24
avoid spaces like this.
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但这也并不为奇。
03:26
They not only look desolate,
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因为它们不仅看上去荒凉，
03:28
they feel downright dangerous.
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而且让人感到危险。
03:30
I mean, where would you sit here?
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我是说，你们能坐在哪儿呢？
03:34
What would you do here?
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你们能在这里做什么呢？
03:36
But architects love them.
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但是建筑师们都热爱这种设计风格。
03:40
They are plinths for their creations.
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这是建筑师创作的基础。
03:43
They might tolerate a sculpture or two,
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他们也许会勉强放一两座雕塑，
03:45
but that's about it.
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但也不会更多了。
03:47
And for developers, they are ideal.
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对于开发者，它们是理想的。
03:50
There's nothing to water, nothing to maintain,
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没有需要浇水的植被，没有什么需要打理的，
03:52
and no undesirable people to worry about.
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也没有需要担心的游手好闲的人。
03:56
But don't you think this is a waste?
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但你不认为这是一个浪费么？
04:00
For me, becoming a city planner
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对我来说，成为一个城市规划师，
04:02
meant being able to truly change the city
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意味着能够真正改变
04:05
that I lived in and loved.
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我所生活在并爱着的城市。
04:07
I wanted to be able to create places
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我想要能够创造一些地方，
04:10
that would give you the feeling that you got
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那里能带给你在佩利公园
04:12
in Paley Park,
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一样的感觉，
04:13
and not allow developers to
build bleak plazas like this.
build bleak plazas like this.
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而不是让设计师者去建造
这样荒凉的广场。
这样荒凉的广场。
04:18
But over the many years,
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但是这些年来，
04:19
I have learned how hard it is
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我了解到，要想创造一些成功的、
04:22
to create successful, meaningful,
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有意义的、并且令人愉快的空间，
04:25
enjoyable public spaces.
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是多么的困难。
04:27
As I learned from my stepfather,
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我从我的继父那了解到，
04:28
they certainly do not happen by accident,
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产生那样的空间不是巧合，
04:30
especially in a city like New York,
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特别是在纽约市，
04:33
where public space has to
be fought for to begin with,
be fought for to begin with,
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首先，公共空间需要通过斗争得到，
04:37
and then for them to be successful,
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其次，如果想让那些空间获得成功，
04:39
somebody has to think very hard
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人们需要努力地思考
04:41
about every detail.
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每一处细节。
04:43
Now, open spaces in cities are opportunities.
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现在，城市中的空地就是机遇。
04:47
Yes, they are opportunities
for commercial investment,
for commercial investment,
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是的，它们是商业投资的机会，
04:50
but they are also opportunities for the common good
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但它们也是城市中
04:54
of the city,
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建设公众利益的机会，
04:56
and those two goals are often
not aligned with one another,
not aligned with one another,
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通常这两个目标相互矛盾，
04:59
and therein lies the conflict.
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且有冲突。
05:02
The first opportunity I had to fight
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我为公共空间做斗争的第一个机会
05:05
for a great public open space was in the early 1980s,
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发生在 20 世纪 80 年代早期，
05:08
when I was leading a team of planners
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那时我领导着一队的规划师们，
05:10
at a gigantic landfill called Battery Park City
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在一个曼哈顿下城哈德逊河的
05:13
in lower Manhattan on the Hudson River.
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一个巨大的、叫做巴特里公园城的垃圾填埋场。
05:16
And this sandy wasteland had lain barren
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这块荒地已经在那里闲置
05:19
for 10 years,
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有十年了，
05:20
and we were told, unless we found a developer
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并且我们被告知，
如果我们不能在六个月内找到开发者，
如果我们不能在六个月内找到开发者，
05:23
in six months, it would go bankrupt.
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这里就要破产了。
05:25
So we came up with a radical,
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我们因此想出了一个激进的、
05:27
almost insane idea.
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近乎疯狂的主意。
05:29
Instead of building a park
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相比建造一个
05:31
as a complement to future development,
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辅助未来开发的公园，
05:34
why don't we reverse that equation
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为什么我们不能采取相反的方式，
05:36
and build a small but very high-quality
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先建造一个小巧的、
05:39
public open space first,
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但是高质量的公共空间，
05:41
and see if that made a difference.
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并看看其效果呢？
05:44
So we only could afford to build a two-block section
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我们只能支付起两个街区的建设，
05:48
of what would become a mile-long esplanade,
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将其变为一个一英里长的游憩场，
05:51
so whatever we built had to be perfect.
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所以我们必须做到完美。
05:54
So just to make sure, I insisted
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保险起见，我坚持
05:57
that we build a mock-up
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我们按比例去建造一个
05:59
in wood, at scale, of the railing and the sea wall.
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木制的栏杆和海墙的实体模型。
06:03
And when I sat down on that test bench
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当我坐在测试长椅上时，
06:06
with sand still swirling all around me,
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沙子包围着我，
06:09
the railing hit exactly at eye level,
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栏杆刚好和视线平齐，
06:12
blocking my view and ruining my experience
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挡住了我对着水边的视线，
06:15
at the water's edge.
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而且毁了我的体验。
06:18
So you see, details really do make a difference.
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所以你看，细节真的会有所作为。
06:21
But design is not just how something looks,
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但是设计不单单在于外观，
06:25
it's how your body feels on that seat in that space,
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而是你坐那椅子上，
身处于那个环境中的感受，
身处于那个环境中的感受，
06:31
and I believe that successful design always depends
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我相信成功的设计总是取决于
06:34
on that very individual experience.
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个人的经历。
06:37
In this photo, everything looks very finished,
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在这张照片中，一切都是那么精致优美，
06:42
but that granite edge, those lights,
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但是那大理石边缘，那些灯，
06:44
the back on that bench,
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长椅的靠背，
06:46
the trees in planting,
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种植的树木，
06:48
and the many different kinds of places to sit
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和许多不同的可以坐下的地方，
06:51
were all little battles that turned this project
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这一个个微小的努力，让这个项目
06:54
into a place that people wanted to be.
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变成了一个吸引人的地方。
06:58
Now, this proved very valuable 20 years later
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二十年后，这项工作的价值显示了出来：
07:02
when Michael Bloomberg asked me to be
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迈克尔·布隆伯格请我
07:04
his planning commissioner
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当他的总规划师，
07:05
and put me in charge of shaping
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并让我管理
07:07
the entire city of New York.
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全纽约市的城市规划。
07:09
And he said to me on that very day,
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在那一天他对我说，
07:11
he said that New York was projected
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纽约的人口
07:13
to grow from eight to nine million people.
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有望从八百万增长到九百万。
07:16
And he asked me,
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他问我：
07:18
"So where are you going to put
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“你打算把额外的一百万纽约市民
07:20
one million additional New Yorkers?"
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安置在哪里呢？”
07:22
Well, I didn't have any idea.
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那时我束手无策。
07:25
Now, you know that New York does
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大家知道，纽约市对于移民者
07:28
place a high value on attracting immigrants,
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确实有很大的吸引力，
07:31
so we were excited about the prospect of growth,
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因此我们对于预期的增长感到不安，
07:34
but honestly, where were we going to grow
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但是坦白说，对于这样一个
07:37
in a city that was already built out to its edges
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楼房已经林立于城市边缘，
并且被水包围的城市，
并且被水包围的城市，
07:40
and surrounded by water?
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我们该将它向何处发展呢？
07:43
How were we going to find housing
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我们怎样才能为那么多的纽约新市民
07:44
for that many new New Yorkers?
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找到住所呢？
07:47
And if we couldn't spread out,
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如果我们不能向外扩张，
07:49
which was probably a good thing,
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这可能是一件好事情，
07:50
where could new housing go?
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那我们该在哪里建造新房子呢？
07:53
And what about cars?
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汽车又能在哪里停靠呢？
07:55
Our city couldn't possibly handle any more cars.
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我们的城市已经不能有更多的车了。
07:59
So what were we going to do?
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我们该怎么办呢？
08:02
If we couldn't spread out, we had to go up.
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如果我们不能横向发展，
08:06
And if we had to go up,
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我们就得纵向发展，
08:07
we had to go up in places
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如果我们必须纵向发展，
08:09
where you wouldn't need to own a car.
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人们最好能不用买车。
08:11
So that meant using one of our greatest assets:
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那就意味着利用
我们最伟大的资产之一：
我们最伟大的资产之一：
08:13
our transit system.
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我们的地铁系统。
08:16
But we had never before thought
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但是过去我们从未想过
08:17
of how we could make the most of it.
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如何才能最大化地利用它。
08:20
So here was the answer to our puzzle.
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所以这就是这个迷题的答案。
08:23
If we were to channel and redirect
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如果我们把所有的开发
08:27
all new development around transit,
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重新引向地铁系统周围，
08:29
we could actually handle that population increase,
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我们其实可以应付
08:32
we thought.
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人口的增长。
08:34
And so here was the plan,
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这就是我们的计划，
08:36
what we really needed to do:
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而我们真正要做的是：
08:38
We needed to redo our zoning --
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重新规划分区--
08:41
and zoning is the city planner's regulatory tool --
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地区分化是城市规划师的调节工具 --
08:44
and basically reshape the entire city,
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并可以从基本上改造整个城市，
08:47
targeting where new development could go
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定位新的发展坐标，
08:50
and prohibiting any development at all
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以及禁止发展一切
08:52
in our car-oriented,
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1714
涉及汽车的、
08:54
suburban-style neighborhoods.
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郊区风格的社区。
08:56
Well, this was an unbelievably ambitious idea,
195
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3732
这是一个难以置信的、雄心勃勃的主意，
08:59
ambitious because communities
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说它有野心，是因为社区
09:02
had to approve those plans.
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必须得批准那些计划。
09:06
So how was I going to get this done?
198
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那我该怎样完成这件事呢？
09:09
By listening. So I began listening,
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2908
通过倾听。所以我开始倾听。
09:12
in fact, thousands of hours of listening
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3354
事实上，数千小时的倾听
09:15
just to establish trust.
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1818
就是为了建立信任。
09:17
You know, communities can tell
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545214
2089
如你所知，社区可以辨别
09:19
whether or not you understand their neighborhoods.
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2152
你是否理解他们的社区。
09:21
It's not something you can just fake.
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你没办法作假。
09:24
And so I began walking.
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2706
之后，我开始散步。
09:27
I can't tell you how many blocks I walked,
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2320
年复一年，
09:29
in sweltering summers, in freezing winters,
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3409
我都说不出在酷暑，在寒冬
09:32
year after year,
208
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1830
我走过了多少个街区。
09:34
just so I could get to understand
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2088
我这样做是为了
09:36
the DNA of each neighborhood
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564904
2027
了解每一个社区的历史，
09:38
and know what each street felt like.
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2575
感受每一条街道的感觉。
09:41
I became an incredibly geeky zoning expert,
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3495
我成为了一个疯狂的分区规划专家，
09:45
finding ways that zoning could address
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2069
一直在寻找最符合人们心意
09:47
communities' concerns.
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2062
的分区方法。
09:49
So little by little, neighborhood by neighborhood,
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2572
一点一点，一个小区又一个小区，
09:51
block by block,
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1435
一个街区又另一个街区，
09:53
we began to set height limits
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1873
我们开始设置高度限制，
09:55
so that all new development
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1732
这样一来，所有新的开发项目
09:56
would be predictable and near transit.
219
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3617
就能被预测到，并且临近交通系统。
10:00
Over the course of 12 years,
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1781
在这 12 年里，
10:02
we were able to rezone
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2469
我们重新规划了
10:04
124 neighborhoods,
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2569
124 个地区，
10:07
40 percent of the city,
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595180
2779
占城市面积的 40%，
10:09
12,500 blocks, so that now,
224
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4539
共 12,500 个街区，现在，
10:14
90 percent of all new development of New York
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3237
纽约市 90% 的新开发地区
10:17
is within a 10-minute walk of a subway.
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2648
离地铁站的步行距离
都在十分钟内。
都在十分钟内。
10:20
In other words, nobody in those new buildings
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608383
2650
换而言之，在那些新房子里的人
10:23
needs to own a car.
228
611033
1876
不需要有车。
10:24
Well, those rezonings were exhausting
229
612909
4093
那样重新规划令人精疲力尽，
10:29
and enervating and important,
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617002
3038
而且使人憔悴又十分重要，
10:32
but rezoning was never my mission.
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2550
但重新规划从来不是我的任务。
10:34
You can't see zoning and you can't feel zoning.
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3491
你看不见分区，也感觉不到分区。
10:38
My mission was always to create
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2088
我的任务一直都是去创造
10:40
great public spaces.
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628169
1924
美好的公共空间。
10:42
So in the areas where we zoned
for significant development,
for significant development,
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630093
3892
因此，在那些我们为了进行重点开发
而规划出来的地区，
而规划出来的地区，
10:45
I was determined to create places
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633985
2191
我决定去创造
10:48
that would make a difference in people's lives.
237
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2694
可以改变人们生活的空间。
10:50
Here you see what was
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638870
2086
你所看到的是
10:52
two miles of abandoned, degraded waterfront
239
640956
2424
长达两公里的、被遗弃和剥蚀的海滨，
10:55
in the neighborhoods of Greenpoint
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643380
1767
它位于布鲁克林的绿点地区
10:57
and Williamsburg in Brooklyn,
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645147
1782
和威廉姆斯伯格辖区里，
10:58
impossible to get to and impossible to use.
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3560
那里几乎无药可救。
11:02
Now the zoning here was massive,
243
650489
2494
在那里所需的规划是庞大的，
11:04
so I felt an obligation to create
244
652983
3022
我感到有责任在这些海滨
11:08
magnificent parks on these waterfronts,
245
656005
3025
创建美丽的公园，
11:11
and I spent an incredible amount of time
246
659030
2740
在这个计划的每一个细节上，
11:13
on every square inch of these plans.
247
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3105
我都花了很多的时间。
11:16
I wanted to make sure that there were
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664875
2065
我想要确保那里
11:18
tree-lined paths from the upland to the water,
249
666940
2539
有绿树成荫的小道，从高地绵延水边，
11:21
that there were trees and plantings everywhere,
250
669479
2411
到处都有植被，
11:23
and, of course, lots and lots of places to sit.
251
671890
4188
当然还有很多很多
供人们坐下休息的地方。
供人们坐下休息的地方。
11:28
Honestly, I had no idea how it would turn out.
252
676078
3370
坦白说，我本来根本不知道
怎么实现这个计划。
怎么实现这个计划。
11:31
I had to have faith.
253
679448
1625
我必须要有信念。
11:33
But I put everything that I had studied and learned
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681073
2963
我将我所学过的所有东西
11:36
into those plans.
255
684036
1734
都注入这个计划中。
11:37
And then it opened,
256
685770
1660
之后公园对外开放了，
11:39
and I have to tell you, it was incredible.
257
687430
3287
我必须告诉你，结果难以置信。
11:42
People came from all over the city
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690717
2085
来自全市的人们
11:44
to be in these parks.
259
692802
1657
前往这些公园。
11:46
I know they changed the lives
of the people who live there,
of the people who live there,
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694459
3420
我知道那些公园改变了
当地居民的生活，
当地居民的生活，
11:49
but they also changed New Yorkers' whole image
261
697879
2495
但同样的，它们也改变了纽约市民
11:52
of their city.
262
700374
1776
对纽约市的整体印象。
11:54
I often come down and watch people
263
702150
1579
我经常来这里观察人们
11:55
get on this little ferry
264
703729
1516
登上这小小的渡船，
11:57
that now runs between the boroughs,
265
705245
1978
来往于城区之间，
11:59
and I can't tell you why,
266
707223
1487
不知道为什么，
12:00
but I'm completely moved
267
708710
1572
我完全被人们正在使用它
12:02
by the fact that people are using it
268
710282
2147
这个事实而感动，
12:04
as if it had always been there.
269
712429
2182
好像从以前就是那样。
12:06
And here is a new park in lower Manhattan.
270
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3273
这是在曼哈顿下城的一个新的公园。
12:09
Now, the water's edge in lower Manhattan
271
717884
2757
湖畔一带在 911 事件发生之前
12:12
was a complete mess before 9/11.
272
720641
2933
完全是一团糟。
12:15
Wall Street was essentially landlocked
273
723574
1915
华尔街实际上是被陆地包围的，
12:17
because you couldn't get anywhere near this edge.
274
725489
2586
因为你在水边不能到达任何地方。
12:20
And after 9/11, the city had very little control.
275
728075
3834
在 911 之后，市里秩序混乱。
12:23
But I thought if we went
276
731909
1545
但是我想，如果我们前往
12:25
to the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation
277
733454
2145
曼哈顿下城开发总公司，
12:27
and got money to reclaim this two miles
278
735599
2961
并得到投资去开发这两英里（约3.2km）
12:30
of degraded waterfront
279
738560
1796
退化的海滨，
12:32
that it would have an enormous effect
280
740356
1851
那将会对曼哈顿下城的重建
12:34
on the rebuilding of lower Manhattan.
281
742207
2461
产生巨大的影响。
12:36
And it did.
282
744668
1180
我们做到了。
12:37
Lower Manhattan finally has a public waterfront
283
745848
3391
曼哈顿下城终于在三侧
12:41
on all three sides.
284
749239
2114
都有了公众海滨。
12:43
I really love this park.
285
751353
2384
我真的非常喜爱这个公园。
12:45
You know, railings have to be higher now,
286
753737
2225
如你所知，现在栏杆必须要高一些，
12:47
so we put bar seating at the edge,
287
755962
2544
所以我们在边沿建起了吧台，
12:50
and you can get so close to the water
288
758506
2112
以便于你可以非常临近水面，
12:52
you're practically on it.
289
760618
1728
你几乎就在水上面。
12:54
And see how the railing widens
290
762346
1869
看看这栏杆是怎么
12:56
and flattens out so you can lay down
291
764215
1416
变宽、变平，可以让人们
12:57
your lunch or your laptop.
292
765631
1882
放下午餐或笔记本电脑。
12:59
And I love when people come there
293
767513
1980
我喜欢当人们来到这里
13:01
and look up and they say,
294
769493
1860
参观并说：
13:03
"Wow, there's Brooklyn, and it's so close."
295
771353
4027
“哇，那是布鲁克林，离我们好近啊。”
13:07
So what's the trick?
296
775380
2352
这其中的窍门是什么呢？
13:09
How do you turn a park
297
777732
1809
怎样才能让一个公园变成
13:11
into a place that people want to be?
298
779541
3166
一个人人向往的地方呢？
13:14
Well, it's up to you,
299
782707
2843
这取决于你，
13:17
not as a city planner but as a human being.
300
785550
3365
不是用一个城市规划师的眼光，
而是用人类的感觉。
而是用人类的感觉。
13:20
You don't tap into your design expertise.
301
788915
3400
你不是去利用你的设计专长，
13:24
You tap into your humanity.
302
792315
3515
而是运用你的人性。
13:27
I mean, would you want to go there?
303
795830
3326
你是否想去那里？
13:31
Would you want to stay there?
304
799156
1983
你是否想呆在那里？
13:33
Can you see into it and out of it?
305
801139
2138
你能否看到它的本质？
13:35
Are there other people there?
306
803277
2252
有没有别人在这里？
13:37
Does it seem green and friendly?
307
805529
2647
公园看起来是否环保和友好？
13:40
Can you find your very own seat?
308
808176
3238
你能否找到你自己休憩的地方？
13:43
Well now, all over New York City,
309
811414
3029
现在，在整个纽约市，
13:46
there are places where you can
310
814443
1504
你都可以拥有属于你的
13:47
find your very own seat.
311
815947
1854
憩脚的地方。
13:49
Where there used to be parking spaces,
312
817801
2522
那里以前是停车的地方，
13:52
there are now pop-up cafes.
313
820323
2293
现在是快捷咖啡馆。
13:54
Where Broadway traffic used to run,
314
822616
1978
过去百老汇的交通要道，
13:56
there are now tables and chairs.
315
824594
1964
现在是桌子和椅子。
13:58
Where 12 years ago, sidewalk
cafes were not allowed,
cafes were not allowed,
316
826558
3554
12 年前，人行道和咖啡厅被禁止，
14:02
they are now everywhere.
317
830112
1973
现在它们到处都是。
14:04
But claiming these spaces for public use
318
832085
2995
但是将这些空间为公共使用
14:07
was not simple,
319
835080
1139
并不是那么简单，
14:08
and it's even harder to keep them that way.
320
836219
2662
要将它们保持下去甚至更难。
14:10
So now I'm going to tell you a story
321
838881
1689
我现在要讲一个故事，
14:12
about a very unusual park called the High Line.
322
840570
4280
是关于一个非常不寻常的公园，
叫做高铁公园。
叫做高铁公园。
14:16
The High Line was an elevated railway.
323
844850
2054
高铁公园以前是高铁。
14:18
(Applause)
324
846904
6631
（掌声）
14:25
The High Line was an elevated railway
325
853535
2276
高铁公园曾是一条高铁，
14:27
that ran through three neighborhoods
326
855811
1812
它贯穿了曼哈顿西侧
14:29
on Manhattan's West Side,
327
857623
1870
的三个街区，
14:31
and when the train stopped running,
328
859493
1745
火车停运后，
14:33
it became a self-seeded landscape,
329
861238
2156
它便成为了一个自我播种的景观，
14:35
a kind of a garden in the sky.
330
863394
2607
一个空中花园。
14:38
And when I saw it the first time,
331
866001
2149
当我第一次看到它时，
14:40
honestly, when I went up on that old viaduct,
332
868150
2646
坦白说，当我走上老旧的高架桥时，
14:42
I fell in love the way you fall in love with a person,
333
870796
2816
我像坠入爱河一样
14:45
honestly.
334
873612
1227
爱上了这里。
14:46
And when I was appointed,
335
874839
2121
当我被委任参与此项目
14:48
saving the first two sections of the High Line
336
876960
2076
拯救高铁的前两个部分，
14:51
from demolition became my first priority
337
879036
3372
保护它们不被拆除
14:54
and my most important project.
338
882408
2672
是我的头等任务和最重要的工作。
14:57
I knew if there was a day that I didn't
339
885080
3268
我知道，如果有一天我不必
15:00
worry about the High Line, it would come down.
340
888348
3603
再担心高铁，它就会被拆除。
15:03
And the High Line,
341
891951
1989
即使现在高铁
15:05
even though it is widely known now
342
893940
2460
非常著名，
15:08
and phenomenally popular,
343
896400
1819
而且广受欢迎，
15:10
it is the most contested public space in the city.
344
898219
3904
它仍是城市中最有争议的公共空间。
15:14
You might see a beautiful park,
345
902123
2875
在你眼里那可能是个美丽的公园，
15:16
but not everyone does.
346
904998
2447
但不是所有人都这样想。
15:19
You know, it's true, commercial interests
347
907445
2637
大家都知道，商业利益总是
15:22
will always battle against public space.
348
910082
3217
与公共空间做斗争。
15:25
You might say,
349
913299
1824
你可能会说，
15:27
"How wonderful it is that more than
350
915123
1570
“有四百多万
15:28
four million people come from all over the world
351
916693
2431
来自世界各地的人到这里参观，
15:31
to visit the High Line."
352
919124
1647
是多么令人惊叹的事情啊。“
15:32
Well, a developer sees just one thing: customers.
353
920771
4616
一个开发者只看一个东西：客户。
15:37
Hey, why not take out those plantings
354
925387
2725
嘿，为什么不将植被移除，
15:40
and have shops all along the High Line?
355
928112
2008
将商店安置在高铁上呢？
15:42
Wouldn't that be terrific
356
930120
1497
那难道不是非常好么？
15:43
and won't it mean a lot more money for the city?
357
931617
2535
难道不意味着给城市带来
更多金钱利益么？
更多金钱利益么？
15:46
Well no, it would not be terrific.
358
934152
2492
不，那不会令人满意。
15:48
It would be a mall, and not a park.
359
936644
3299
那将会是一个购物中心，而不是一个公园。
15:51
(Applause)
360
939943
7379
（掌声）
15:59
And you know what, it might mean
361
947322
1508
你知道，这可能对城市
16:00
more money for the city,
362
948830
2210
意味着更好的经济效益，
16:03
but a city has to take the long view,
363
951040
4049
但必须以长远的眼光看待城市发展，
16:07
the view for the common good.
364
955089
2936
为了共同利益的发展眼光。
16:10
Most recently, the last section of the High Line,
365
958025
3715
就在最近，高铁的最后一个部分，
16:13
the third section of the High Line,
366
961740
1616
高铁的第三个部分，
16:15
the final section of the High Line,
367
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也是最后一个部分，
16:16
has been pitted against development interests,
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在与开发商的利益互相抗衡，
16:19
where some of the city's leading developers
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一些城市的领头开发者
16:22
are building more than 17 million square feet
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正在哈德逊广场开发
16:24
at the Hudson Yards.
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2300
超过一千七百万平方英尺的土地。
16:27
And they came to me and proposed
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他们找到我，跟我建议：
16:28
that they "temporarily disassemble"
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他们 “暂时拆解“ 了
16:31
that third and final section.
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那第三个和最后一个部分。
16:34
Perhaps the High Line didn't fit in
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也许，高铁并不符合
16:36
with their image of a gleaming city of skyscrapers
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他们想象中摩天大楼闪烁在山头
16:39
on a hill.
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的城市形象。
16:41
Perhaps it was just in their way.
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也许高铁只是阻碍了他们的开发路线。
16:43
But in any case, it took nine months
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但是不管怎样，经过九个月
16:46
of nonstop daily negotiation
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每天不间断的协商，
16:48
to finally get the signed agreement
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终于在禁止拆除高线第三部分上
16:50
to prohibit its demolition,
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达成了一致，
16:52
and that was only two years ago.
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这件事就发生在两年前。
16:56
So you see, no matter how popular
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所以你们可以看到，不管公共空间
16:59
and successful a public space may be,
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有多受人欢迎和成功，
17:01
it can never be taken for granted.
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它还是不能被绝对地保护。
17:04
Public spaces always -- this is it saved --
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（标语：这里是保护区！）
公共空间总是
公共空间总是
17:06
public spaces always need vigilant champions,
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需要细心的支持，
17:10
not only to claim them at the outset for public use,
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不仅仅是一开始
争取让他们为公众所使用，
争取让他们为公众所使用，
17:14
but to design them for the people that use them,
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而且还要为使用者进行设计，
17:17
then to maintain them to ensure
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然后去维护它们，
17:19
that they are for everyone,
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确保它们服务于每个人，
17:21
that they are not violated, invaded,
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确保他们不会被损坏、侵占、
17:24
abandoned or ignored.
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废弃或忽视。
17:26
If there is any one lesson
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如果说，作为一个城市规划师
17:28
that I have learned in my life as a city planner,
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我从自己的生活中学到了什么教训，
17:31
it is that public spaces have power.
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那就是公共空间拥有力量。
17:35
It's not just the number of people using them,
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这种力量不仅在于使用它们的人数，
17:38
it's the even greater number of people
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而是会有更多的人，
17:40
who feel better about their city
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只是知道公共空间的存在，
17:42
just knowing that they are there.
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就会对他们的城市感觉更好。
17:45
Public space can change how you live in a city,
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公共空间可以
改变你在城市中的生活，
改变你在城市中的生活，
17:49
how you feel about a city,
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改变你对城市的感受，
17:51
whether you choose one city over another,
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影响你在城市之间的权衡选择，
17:54
and public space is one of
the most important reasons
the most important reasons
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公共空间的存在，
是你选择居住的城市时
是你选择居住的城市时
17:57
why you stay in a city.
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重要的衡量标准之一。
18:00
I believe that a successful city
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我相信，一个成功的城市
18:03
is like a fabulous party.
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就像一场美妙的聚会。
18:05
People stay because they are having a great time.
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人们留下来是因为
他们享受着欢乐时光。
他们享受着欢乐时光。
18:09
Thank you.
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谢谢。
18:11
(Applause)
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（掌声）
18:17
Thank you. (Applause)
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谢谢。（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amanda Burden - Urban plannerAs New York’s chief city planner under the Bloomberg administration, Amanda Burden led revitalization of some of the city's most familiar features -- from the High Line to the Brooklyn waterfront.
Why you should listen
With a keen eye for detail that extends to the most humble park bench -- and a gift for convincing developers and bureaucrats of her vision -- former New York City Planning Commissioner Amanda Burden rebuilt New York City.
Taking inspiration from her mentor, the influential urban theorist William H. “Holly” Whyte, Burden stepped out of the society pages (she's Babe Paley's daughter) and into a high-profile development career, which started with the planning and design of Battery Park and brought her to the Bloomberg administration. Her high design standards and flair for human-scale public spaces (as she told the Wall Street Journal, "You can actually change a city by a small stroke") ensures that her legacy will be an enduring element of New York’s urban landscape. Post-mayoralty, she is joining Mike Bloomberg's newly established global consultancy, Bloomberg Associates, as one of the founding Principals (along with Janette Sadik-Khan, former traffic commisioner).
Amanda Burden | Speaker | TED.com