TED2015
Manuel Lima: A visual history of human knowledge
Manuel Lima: Vizuelna istorija ljudskog znanja
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Kako znanje raste? Ponekad počinje jednim uvidom i raste u mnogo grana. Stručnjak za infografike, Manuel Lima, istražuje hiljadu godina staru istoriju mapiranja podataka, od jezika do dinastija, pomoću stabala informacija. To je fascinantna istorija vizualizacije i pogled u potrebu ljudskog roda da sačini mapu onoga što znamo.
Manuel Lima - Data visualization researcher
Manuel Lima studies how information can be organized -- into elegant and beautiful diagrams that illustrate the many unexpected twists of big data. Full bio
Manuel Lima studies how information can be organized -- into elegant and beautiful diagrams that illustrate the many unexpected twists of big data. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Over the past 10 years,
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Tokom proteklih 10 godina,
istraživao sam način na koji ljudi
organizuju i vizualizuju informacije.
organizuju i vizualizuju informacije.
00:14
I've been researching the way
people organize and visualize information.
people organize and visualize information.
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00:19
And I've noticed an interesting shift.
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Primetio sam interesantnu promenu.
00:22
For a long period of time,
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Tokom dužeg perioda,
00:23
we believed in a natural ranking order
in the world around us,
in the world around us,
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verovali smo u prirodni poredak
u svetu oko nas,
u svetu oko nas,
00:28
also known as the great chain of being,
or "Scala naturae" in Latin,
or "Scala naturae" in Latin,
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što je poznato i kao veliki lanac bića
ili „scala naturae“ na latinskom,
ili „scala naturae“ na latinskom,
00:33
a top-down structure that normally starts
with God at the very top,
with God at the very top,
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struktura odozgo na dole
koja obično počinje od boga na samom vrhu,
koja obično počinje od boga na samom vrhu,
00:37
followed by angels, noblemen,
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koga slede anđeli, plemići,
00:39
common people, animals, and so on.
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obični ljudi, životinje i tako dalje.
00:43
This idea was actually based
on Aristotle's ontology,
on Aristotle's ontology,
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Ova ideja je zapravo zasnovana
na Aristotelovoj ontologiji
na Aristotelovoj ontologiji
00:48
which classified all things known to man
in a set of opposing categories,
in a set of opposing categories,
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koja je klasifikovala sve poznato čoveku
u skup suprotnih kategorija,
u skup suprotnih kategorija,
00:52
like the ones you see behind me.
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poput onih koje vidite iza mene.
00:56
But over time, interestingly enough,
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Međutim, vremenom, što je zanimljivo,
00:59
this concept adopted
the branching schema of a tree
the branching schema of a tree
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ovaj koncept je usvojio
šemu stabla koje se grana
šemu stabla koje se grana
01:03
in what became known
as the Porphyrian tree,
as the Porphyrian tree,
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u okviru onog što je postalo
poznato kao Porfirijevo stablo,
poznato kao Porfirijevo stablo,
01:06
also considered to be
the oldest tree of knowledge.
the oldest tree of knowledge.
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što se takođe smatra
najstarijim stablom znanja.
najstarijim stablom znanja.
01:11
The branching scheme
of the tree was, in fact,
of the tree was, in fact,
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Šema stabla koje se grana
bila je, zapravo,
bila je, zapravo,
tako moćna metafora
za prenošenje informacija
za prenošenje informacija
01:13
such a powerful metaphor
for conveying information
for conveying information
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01:16
that it became, over time,
an important communication tool
an important communication tool
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da je vremenom postala
važno sredstvo komunikacije
važno sredstvo komunikacije
01:19
to map a variety of systems of knowledge.
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za mapiranje mnoštva sistema znanja.
Možemo videti kako se stabla koriste
da bi se napravila mapa moralnosti,
da bi se napravila mapa moralnosti,
01:22
We can see trees being used
to map morality,
to map morality,
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01:25
with the popular tree of virtues
and tree of vices,
and tree of vices,
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sa popularnim stablom vrline
i stablom poroka,
i stablom poroka,
kao što možete videti ovde,
01:28
as you can see here, with these beautiful
illustrations from medieval Europe.
illustrations from medieval Europe.
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na ovim prelepim ilustracijama
iz srednjevekovne Evrope.
iz srednjevekovne Evrope.
Možemo videti kako se stabla koriste
za mapiranje ukrštanja u srodstvu,
za mapiranje ukrštanja u srodstvu,
01:32
We can see trees being used
to map consanguinity,
to map consanguinity,
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01:35
the various blood ties between people.
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raznih krvnih veza među ljudima.
01:39
We can also see trees being used
to map genealogy,
to map genealogy,
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Takođe možemo videti
da se stabla koriste za mape rodoslova,
da se stabla koriste za mape rodoslova,
01:42
perhaps the most famous archetype
of the tree diagram.
of the tree diagram.
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što je možda najpoznatiji arhetip
dijagrama stabla.
dijagrama stabla.
01:45
I think many of you in the audience
have probably seen family trees.
have probably seen family trees.
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Mislim da su mnogi od vas u publici
verovatno videli porodična stabla.
verovatno videli porodična stabla.
01:48
Many of you probably even have
your own family trees drawn in such a way.
your own family trees drawn in such a way.
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Mnogi među vama čak imaju
nacrtana takva porodična stabla.
nacrtana takva porodična stabla.
01:53
We can see trees even mapping
systems of law,
systems of law,
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Možemo videti da stabla
čak služe za mape sistema zakona,
čak služe za mape sistema zakona,
01:56
the various decrees and rulings
of kings and rulers.
of kings and rulers.
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razne uredbe i odluke kraljeva i vladara.
02:01
And finally, of course,
also a very popular scientific metaphor,
also a very popular scientific metaphor,
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Najzad, naravno,
kao veoma popularna naučna metafora,
kao veoma popularna naučna metafora,
02:05
we can see trees being used
to map all species known to man.
to map all species known to man.
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možemo videti da se stabla koriste
za izradu mapa svih vrsta poznatih čoveku.
za izradu mapa svih vrsta poznatih čoveku.
02:11
And trees ultimately became
such a powerful visual metaphor
such a powerful visual metaphor
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Stabla su na kraju postala
tako snažna vizuelna metafora
tako snažna vizuelna metafora
02:15
because in many ways,
they really embody this human desire
they really embody this human desire
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jer ona umnogome oličavaju ljudsku želju
za redom, ravnotežom,
jedinstvom, simetrijom.
jedinstvom, simetrijom.
02:17
for order, for balance,
for unity, for symmetry.
for unity, for symmetry.
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02:21
However, nowadays we are really facing
new complex, intricate challenges
new complex, intricate challenges
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Međutim, danas se zaista suočavamo
sa novim složenim, zamršenim izazovima
sa novim složenim, zamršenim izazovima
02:26
that cannot be understood by simply
employing a simple tree diagram.
employing a simple tree diagram.
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koji se ne mogu razumeti
primenom jednostavnog dijagrama stabla.
primenom jednostavnog dijagrama stabla.
02:32
And a new metaphor is currently emerging,
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Trenutno je nova metafora u nastajanju
02:35
and it's currently replacing the tree
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i sada zamenjuje stablo
02:37
in visualizing various
systems of knowledge.
systems of knowledge.
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u vizualizaciji različitih sistema znanja.
02:40
It's really providing us with a new lens
to understand the world around us.
to understand the world around us.
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Zaista nam pruža novu perspektivu
za razumevanje sveta oko nas.
za razumevanje sveta oko nas.
02:45
And this new metaphor
is the metaphor of the network.
is the metaphor of the network.
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Ta nova metafora je metafora mreže.
02:49
And we can see this shift
from trees into networks
from trees into networks
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Možemo videti ovaj preokret
od stabala u mreže
od stabala u mreže
02:52
in many domains of knowledge.
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u mnogim domenima znanja.
02:54
We can see this shift in the way
we try to understand the brain.
we try to understand the brain.
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Možemo videti ovaj preokret u načinu
na koji pokušavamo da razumemo mozak.
na koji pokušavamo da razumemo mozak.
03:00
While before, we used
to think of the brain
to think of the brain
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Dok smo ranije razmišljali o mozgu
03:02
as a modular, centralized organ,
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kao o modularnom, centralizovanom organu,
03:04
where a given area was responsible
for a set of actions and behaviors,
for a set of actions and behaviors,
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gde je određena oblast odgovorna
za skup akcija i ponašanja,
za skup akcija i ponašanja,
03:08
the more we know about the brain,
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što više saznajemo o mozgu,
03:10
the more we think of it
as a large music symphony,
as a large music symphony,
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sve više razmišljamo o njemu
kao o velikoj muzičkoj simfoniji
kao o velikoj muzičkoj simfoniji
03:13
played by hundreds
and thousands of instruments.
and thousands of instruments.
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koju sviraju stotine
i hiljade instrumenata.
i hiljade instrumenata.
03:16
This is a beautiful snapshot
created by the Blue Brain Project,
created by the Blue Brain Project,
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Ovo je divna slika koju je sačinio
projekat „Plavi mozak“,
projekat „Plavi mozak“,
03:19
where you can see 10,000 neurons
and 30 million connections.
and 30 million connections.
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gde možete videti 10 000 neurona
i 30 miliona veza.
i 30 miliona veza.
03:24
And this is only mapping 10 percent
of a mammalian neocortex.
of a mammalian neocortex.
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Ovo mapira svega 10 procenata
neokorteksa sisara.
neokorteksa sisara.
03:30
We can also see this shift in the way
we try to conceive of human knowledge.
we try to conceive of human knowledge.
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Možemo videti ovu promenu
i u načinu na koji pokušavamo
da zamislimo ljudsko znanje.
da zamislimo ljudsko znanje.
03:36
These are some remarkable trees
of knowledge, or trees of science,
of knowledge, or trees of science,
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Ovo su izuzetna stabla znanja
ili stabla nauke
ili stabla nauke
03:39
by Spanish scholar Ramon Llull.
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španskog učenjaka Ramona Ljulja.
03:41
And Llull was actually the precursor,
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Ljulj je zapravo bio preteča,
03:43
the very first one who created
the metaphor of science as a tree,
the metaphor of science as a tree,
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prvi koji je stvorio
metaforu o nauci kao stablu,
metaforu o nauci kao stablu,
03:47
a metaphor we use
every single day, when we say,
every single day, when we say,
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metaforu koju koristimo
svakodnevno kada kažemo:
svakodnevno kada kažemo:
03:50
"Biology is a branch of science,"
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„Biologija je grana nauke“,
03:52
when we say,
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kada kažemo:
„Genetika je grana nauke“.
03:53
"Genetics is a branch of science."
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03:56
But perhaps the most beautiful of all
trees of knowledge, at least for me,
trees of knowledge, at least for me,
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Možda najlepše stablo znanja,
barem za mene,
barem za mene,
03:59
was created for the French encyclopedia
by Diderot and d'Alembert in 1751.
by Diderot and d'Alembert in 1751.
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napravili su za francusku enciklopediju
Didro i Dalamber 1751. godine.
Didro i Dalamber 1751. godine.
04:04
This was really the bastion
of the French Enlightenment,
of the French Enlightenment,
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Ovo je zaista bio uporište
francuskog prosvetiteljstva,
francuskog prosvetiteljstva,
04:07
and this gorgeous illustration
was featured as a table of contents
was featured as a table of contents
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a ova divna ilustracija
izabrana je kao sadržaj
izabrana je kao sadržaj
04:10
for the encyclopedia.
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za enciklopediju.
04:12
And it actually maps out
all domains of knowledge
all domains of knowledge
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Ona zapravo mapira sva područja znanja
04:16
as separate branches of a tree.
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kao odvojene grane na stablu.
04:19
But knowledge is much more
intricate than this.
intricate than this.
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Ipak, znanje je mnogo složenije od toga.
04:22
These are two maps of Wikipedia
showing the inter-linkage of articles --
showing the inter-linkage of articles --
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Ovo su dve mape Vikipedije koje pokazuju
međusobnu povezanost članaka -
međusobnu povezanost članaka -
04:27
related to history on the left,
and mathematics on the right.
and mathematics on the right.
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vezanih za istoriju sa leve strane,
a za matematiku na desnoj strani.
a za matematiku na desnoj strani.
04:31
And I think by looking at these maps
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Smatram da, kada pogledam ove mape
04:33
and other ones that have been
created of Wikipedia --
created of Wikipedia --
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i druge koje su napravljene
pomoću Vikipedije -
pomoću Vikipedije -
možda jedne od najvećih rizomatskih
struktura koje je stvorio čovek -
struktura koje je stvorio čovek -
04:36
arguably one of the largest rhizomatic
structures ever created by man --
structures ever created by man --
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04:39
we can really understand
how human knowledge is much more intricate
how human knowledge is much more intricate
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možemo zaista razumeti
kako je ljudsko znanje mnogo složenije
kako je ljudsko znanje mnogo složenije
04:43
and interdependent, just like a network.
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i međuzavisno, baš kao mreža.
04:47
We can also see this interesting shift
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Takođe, možemo videti
ovu zanimljivu promenu
ovu zanimljivu promenu
04:49
in the way we map
social ties between people.
social ties between people.
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u načinu na koji mapiramo
društvene veze među ljudima.
društvene veze među ljudima.
04:53
This is the typical organization chart.
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Ovo je tipična organizaciona šema.
Pretpostavljam da su mnogi od vas
takođe videli slične šeme,
takođe videli slične šeme,
04:55
I'm assuming many of you have seen
a similar chart as well,
a similar chart as well,
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u svojim korporacijama ili nekim drugim.
04:58
in your own corporations, or others.
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05:00
It's a top-down structure
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To je struktura usmerena odozgo na dole
koja obično počinje direktorom na vrhu,
koja obično počinje direktorom na vrhu,
05:01
that normally starts
with the CEO at the very top,
with the CEO at the very top,
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05:04
and where you can drill down all the way
to the individual workmen on the bottom.
to the individual workmen on the bottom.
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a odatle se možete spuštati
sve do pojedinačnih radnika na dnu.
sve do pojedinačnih radnika na dnu.
05:09
But humans sometimes are, well, actually,
all humans are unique in their own way,
all humans are unique in their own way,
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Međutim, ljudi su ponekad, pa, zapravo,
svi ljudi su jedinstveni na svoj način,
svi ljudi su jedinstveni na svoj način,
05:14
and sometimes you really don't play well
under this really rigid structure.
under this really rigid structure.
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a ponekad se ne odigra sve baš dobro
u okviru ove krute strukture.
u okviru ove krute strukture.
05:20
I think the Internet is really changing
this paradigm quite a lot.
this paradigm quite a lot.
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Mislim da internet
prilično menja ovaj obrazac.
prilično menja ovaj obrazac.
05:23
This is a fantastic map
of online social collaboration
of online social collaboration
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Ovo je fantastična mapa
onlajn društvenih saradnja
onlajn društvenih saradnja
05:27
between Perl developers.
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između programera Perla.
05:28
Perl is a famous programming language,
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Perl je poznati programski jezik,
a ovde možete videti
kako različiti programeri
kako različiti programeri
05:30
and here, you can see
how different programmers
how different programmers
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05:33
are actually exchanging files,
and working together on a given project.
and working together on a given project.
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razmenjuju fajlove
i zajedno rade na datom projektu.
i zajedno rade na datom projektu.
05:37
And here, you can notice that this is
a completely decentralized process --
a completely decentralized process --
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Ovde možete primetiti
da je ovo sasvim decentralizovan proces.
da je ovo sasvim decentralizovan proces.
05:41
there's no leader in this organization,
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Nema vođe u ovoj organizaciji;
05:43
it's a network.
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to je mreža.
05:46
We can also see this interesting shift
when we look at terrorism.
when we look at terrorism.
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Možemo videti ovu interesantnu promenu
i kada sagledamo terorizam.
i kada sagledamo terorizam.
05:51
One of the main challenges
of understanding terrorism nowadays
of understanding terrorism nowadays
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Jedan od glavnih izazova
u razumevanju terorizma danas
u razumevanju terorizma danas
05:54
is that we are dealing with
decentralized, independent cells,
decentralized, independent cells,
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je da imamo posla sa decentralizovanim,
nezavisnim ćelijama,
nezavisnim ćelijama,
05:58
where there's no leader
leading the whole process.
leading the whole process.
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gde ne postoji vođa
koji rukovodi celim procesom.
koji rukovodi celim procesom.
06:02
And here, you can actually see
how visualization is being used.
how visualization is being used.
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Ovde možete zapravo videti
kako se vizualizacija koristi.
kako se vizualizacija koristi.
06:05
The diagram that you see behind me
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Dijagram koji vidite iza mene
06:07
shows all the terrorists involved
in the Madrid attack in 2004.
in the Madrid attack in 2004.
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prikazuje sve teroriste uključene
u napade u Madridu 2004. godine.
u napade u Madridu 2004. godine.
06:11
And what they did here is,
they actually segmented the network
they actually segmented the network
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Ovde su zapravo podelili mrežu
06:14
into three different years,
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na tri različite godine,
06:16
represented by the vertical layers
that you see behind me.
that you see behind me.
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predstavljene vertikalnim slojevima
koje vidite iza mene.
koje vidite iza mene.
06:19
And the blue lines tie together
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Plave linije povezuju
ljude koji su bili prisutni
u toj mreži iz godine u godinu.
u toj mreži iz godine u godinu.
06:21
the people that were present
in that network year after year.
in that network year after year.
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06:25
So even though there's no leader per se,
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Dakle, iako ne postoji vođa sam po sebi,
06:27
these people are probably the most
influential ones in that organization,
influential ones in that organization,
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ti ljudi su verovatno najuticajniji
u toj organizaciji,
u toj organizaciji,
oni koji znaju više
06:30
the ones that know more about the past,
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o prošlim i budućim planovima
i ciljevima ove konkretne ćelije.
i ciljevima ove konkretne ćelije.
06:32
and the future plans and goals
of this particular cell.
of this particular cell.
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06:37
We can also see this shift
from trees into networks
from trees into networks
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Takođe, možemo videti
ovaj zaokret iz stabala u mreže
ovaj zaokret iz stabala u mreže
06:40
in the way we classify
and organize species.
and organize species.
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u načinu na koji klasifikujemo
i organizujemo vrste.
i organizujemo vrste.
06:45
The image on the right
is the only illustration
is the only illustration
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Slika na desnoj strani
je jedina ilustracija
je jedina ilustracija
06:48
that Darwin included
in "The Origin of Species,"
in "The Origin of Species,"
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koju je Darvin uneo u „Poreklo vrsta“,
06:51
which Darwin called the "Tree of Life."
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koju je nazvao „drvo života“.
06:54
There's actually a letter
from Darwin to the publisher,
from Darwin to the publisher,
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Zapravo, tu je pismo
od Darvina za izdavače
od Darvina za izdavače
06:57
expanding on the importance
of this particular diagram.
of this particular diagram.
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koje proširuje značaj
tog konkretnog dijagrama.
tog konkretnog dijagrama.
06:59
It was critical for Darwin's
theory of evolution.
theory of evolution.
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Bilo je od ključnog značaja
za Darvinovu teoriju evolucije.
za Darvinovu teoriju evolucije.
07:03
But recently, scientists discovered
that overlaying this tree of life
that overlaying this tree of life
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Međutim, nedavno su naučnici otkrili
da ovo drvo života prekriva
da ovo drvo života prekriva
07:06
is a dense network of bacteria,
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gusta mreža bakterija,
07:09
and these bacteria
are actually tying together
are actually tying together
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a te bakterije zapravo povezuju vrste
07:11
species that were completely
separated before,
separated before,
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koje su pre bile potpuno odvojene,
07:13
to what scientists are now calling
not the tree of life,
not the tree of life,
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u ono što naučnici
sada ne nazivaju stablom,
sada ne nazivaju stablom,
07:16
but the web of life, the network of life.
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već mrežom života.
Konačno, zaista možemo videti
ovu promenu, još jednom,
ovu promenu, još jednom,
07:21
And finally, we can really
see this shift, again,
see this shift, again,
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07:24
when we look at ecosystems
around our planet.
around our planet.
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kada pogledamo ekosisteme
širom naše planete.
širom naše planete.
07:27
No more do we have these simplified
predator-versus-prey diagrams
predator-versus-prey diagrams
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Više nemamo ove pojednostavljene dijagrame
„predator naspram plena“
„predator naspram plena“
07:30
we have all learned at school.
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koje smo svi izučavali u školi.
07:33
This is a much more accurate
depiction of an ecosystem.
depiction of an ecosystem.
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Ovo je mnogo precizniji prikaz ekosistema.
07:36
This is a diagram created
by Professor David Lavigne,
by Professor David Lavigne,
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Ovo je dijagram koji je sačinio
profesor Dejvid Lavinj,
profesor Dejvid Lavinj,
07:39
mapping close to 100 species
that interact with the codfish
that interact with the codfish
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napravivši mapu približno 100 vrsta
u interakciji sa bakalarom
u interakciji sa bakalarom
07:42
off the coast of Newfoundland in Canada.
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blizu obale Njufaundlenda u Kanadi.
07:46
And I think here, we can really understand
the intricate and interdependent nature
the intricate and interdependent nature
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Mislim da ovde možemo zaista razumeti
složenu i međuzavisnu prirodu
složenu i međuzavisnu prirodu
07:50
of most ecosystems
that abound on our planet.
that abound on our planet.
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većine ekosistema
kojima naša planeta obiluje.
kojima naša planeta obiluje.
07:54
But even though recent,
this metaphor of the network,
this metaphor of the network,
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Međutim, iako je skorašnja,
ova metafora mreže
ova metafora mreže
07:58
is really already adopting
various shapes and forms,
various shapes and forms,
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već prisvaja nove oblike i forme
08:01
and it's almost becoming
a growing visual taxonomy.
a growing visual taxonomy.
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i gotovo da postaje
rastuća vizuelna taksonomija.
rastuća vizuelna taksonomija.
08:03
It's almost becoming
the syntax of a new language.
the syntax of a new language.
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Gotovo da postaje sintaksa novog jezika.
08:06
And this is one aspect
that truly fascinates me.
that truly fascinates me.
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To je aspekt koji me stvarno fascinira.
08:09
And these are actually
15 different typologies
15 different typologies
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Ovo je 15 različitih tipologija
08:12
I've been collecting over time,
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koje sam prikupljao vremenom
i zaista prikazuju
i zaista prikazuju
08:14
and it really shows the immense
visual diversity of this new metaphor.
visual diversity of this new metaphor.
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neizmernu vizuelnu raznolikost
ove nove metafore.
ove nove metafore.
08:19
And here is an example.
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Evo primera.
08:20
On the very top band,
you have radial convergence,
you have radial convergence,
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Na samom vrhu skupa,
imate radijalnu konvergenciju,
imate radijalnu konvergenciju,
08:24
a visualization model that has become
really popular over the last five years.
really popular over the last five years.
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model vizualizacije koji je postao
veoma popularan poslednjih pet godina.
veoma popularan poslednjih pet godina.
08:29
At the top left, the very first project
is a gene network,
is a gene network,
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Gore levo, prvi projekat je mreža gena,
08:33
followed by a network
of IP addresses -- machines, servers --
of IP addresses -- machines, servers --
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nakon čega sledi mreža IP adresa -
mašine, serveri -
mašine, serveri -
08:37
followed by a network of Facebook friends.
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a zatim mreža prijatelja na Fejsbuku.
08:41
You probably couldn't find
more disparate topics,
more disparate topics,
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Verovatno ne možete naći teme
koje su više odvojene,
koje su više odvojene,
08:43
yet they are using the same metaphor,
the same visual model,
the same visual model,
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a ipak koriste istu metaforu,
isti vizuelni model,
isti vizuelni model,
08:47
to map the never-ending complexities
of its own subject.
of its own subject.
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da bi sačinile mapu
beskrajnih složenosti svojih tema.
beskrajnih složenosti svojih tema.
08:52
And here are a few more examples
of the many I've been collecting,
of the many I've been collecting,
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Evo još nekoliko primera
od mnogih koje sam prikupljao,
od mnogih koje sam prikupljao,
08:55
of this growing visual
taxonomy of networks.
taxonomy of networks.
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vizuelne taksonomije mreža
koja je u porastu.
koja je u porastu.
09:00
But networks are not just
a scientific metaphor.
a scientific metaphor.
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Međutim, mreže nisu samo naučna metafora.
09:04
As designers, researchers, and scientists
try to map a variety of complex systems,
try to map a variety of complex systems,
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Dok dizajneri, istraživači i naučnici
pokušavaju da mapiraju
mnoštvo kompleksnih sistema,
mnoštvo kompleksnih sistema,
09:09
they are in many ways influencing
traditional art fields,
traditional art fields,
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oni na mnogo načina utiču
na tradicionalne oblasti umetnosti
na tradicionalne oblasti umetnosti
09:12
like painting and sculpture,
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poput slikarstva i vajarstva,
09:14
and influencing many different artists.
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i utiču na mnogo različitih umetnika.
09:16
And perhaps because networks have
this huge aesthetical force to them --
this huge aesthetical force to them --
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Možda zato što mreže imaju
tu ogromnu estetsku snagu -
tu ogromnu estetsku snagu -
09:20
they're immensely gorgeous --
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neizmerno su lepe -
09:22
they are really becoming a cultural meme,
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postaju vrsta kulturnog mema
09:24
and driving a new art movement,
which I've called "networkism."
which I've called "networkism."
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i pokreću novi pokret u umetnosti
koji sam nazvao „mrežizam“.
koji sam nazvao „mrežizam“.
09:30
And we can see this influence
in this movement in a variety of ways.
in this movement in a variety of ways.
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Možemo videti ovaj uticaj
u ovom pokretu na mnogo načina.
u ovom pokretu na mnogo načina.
Ovo je samo jedan od mnogo primera
09:33
This is just one of many examples,
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09:35
where you can see this influence
from science into art.
from science into art.
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gde možete videti uticaj
nauke na umetnost.
nauke na umetnost.
09:38
The example on your left side
is IP-mapping,
is IP-mapping,
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Primer sa vaše leve strane
je mapiranje internet protokola,
je mapiranje internet protokola,
09:41
a computer-generated map of IP addresses;
again -- servers, machines.
again -- servers, machines.
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mapa IP adresa koju je napravio kompjuter;
opet, serveri, mašine.
opet, serveri, mašine.
09:45
And on your right side,
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A sa vaše desne strane
09:46
you have "Transient Structures
and Unstable Networks" by Sharon Molloy,
and Unstable Networks" by Sharon Molloy,
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imate „Prolazne strukture
i nestabilne mreže“ autora Šeron Moloj,
i nestabilne mreže“ autora Šeron Moloj,
09:51
using oil and enamel on canvas.
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koja koristi ulje i emajl na platnu.
09:53
And here are a few more
paintings by Sharon Molloy,
paintings by Sharon Molloy,
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Evo još nekoliko slika Šeron Moloj,
09:56
some gorgeous, intricate paintings.
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nekih divnih, složenih slika.
10:00
And here's another example
of that interesting cross-pollination
of that interesting cross-pollination
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Evo još jednog primera
tog zanimljivog uzajamnog prenošenja
tog zanimljivog uzajamnog prenošenja
10:03
between science and art.
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između nauke i umetnosti.
10:05
On your left side,
you have "Operation Smile."
you have "Operation Smile."
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Na levoj strani imate „Operaciju 'Osmeh'“.
10:08
It is a computer-generated map
of a social network.
of a social network.
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To je mapa društvene mreže
koju je napravio kompjuter.
koju je napravio kompjuter.
10:11
And on your right side,
you have "Field 4," by Emma McNally,
you have "Field 4," by Emma McNally,
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Na vašoj desnoj strani,
imate „Polje 4“ autora Eme Maknali,
imate „Polje 4“ autora Eme Maknali,
10:14
using only graphite on paper.
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koje je sačinjeno
samo pomoću grafita na papiru.
samo pomoću grafita na papiru.
10:17
Emma McNally is one of the main
leaders of this movement,
leaders of this movement,
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Ema Maknali spada
u glavne predvodnike ovog pokreta
u glavne predvodnike ovog pokreta
10:20
and she creates these striking,
imaginary landscapes,
imaginary landscapes,
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i stvara ove upečatljive,
imaginarne prizore,
imaginarne prizore,
10:23
where you can really notice the influence
from traditional network visualization.
from traditional network visualization.
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gde zaista možete primetiti uticaj
tradicionalne vizualizacije mreža.
tradicionalne vizualizacije mreža.
10:30
But networkism doesn't happen
only in two dimensions.
only in two dimensions.
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Međutim, mrežizam se ne odvija
samo u dve dimenzije.
samo u dve dimenzije.
10:33
This is perhaps
one of my favorite projects
one of my favorite projects
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Ovo je možda jedan
od mojih omiljenih projekata
od mojih omiljenih projekata
10:35
of this new movement.
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ovog novog pokreta.
10:37
And I think the title really
says it all -- it's called:
says it all -- it's called:
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Mislim da naslov već sve govori.
Naziva se „Galaksije se formiraju
duž filamenata
duž filamenata
10:39
"Galaxies Forming Along Filaments,
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10:41
Like Droplets Along the Strands
of a Spider's Web."
of a Spider's Web."
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kao kapljice uz niti paukove mreže“.
10:46
And I just find this particular project
to be immensely powerful.
to be immensely powerful.
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Smatram da je ovaj konkretan projekat
izuzetno moćan.
izuzetno moćan.
Stvorio ga je Tomas Saraseno
10:49
It was created by Tomás Saraceno,
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10:51
and he occupies these large spaces,
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i zauzima ogroman prostor,
10:54
creates these massive installations
using only elastic ropes.
using only elastic ropes.
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stvara te masivne instalacije
koristeći samo elastične konopce.
koristeći samo elastične konopce.
10:57
As you actually navigate that space
and bounce along those elastic ropes,
and bounce along those elastic ropes,
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Dok se krećete tim prostorom
i poskakujete na tim elastičnim konopcima,
i poskakujete na tim elastičnim konopcima,
11:01
the entire network kind of shifts,
almost like a real organic network would.
almost like a real organic network would.
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čitava mreža se nekako menja,
gotovo kao što bi to činila
stvarna organska mreža.
stvarna organska mreža.
11:07
And here's yet another example
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Evo još jednog primera
11:09
of networkism taken
to a whole different level.
to a whole different level.
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mrežizma koji prelazi
na potpuno drugačiji nivo.
na potpuno drugačiji nivo.
11:12
This was created
by Japanese artist Chiharu Shiota
by Japanese artist Chiharu Shiota
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Ovo je napravila
japanska umetnica Čijaru Šiota
japanska umetnica Čijaru Šiota
11:15
in a piece called "In Silence."
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u okviru dela pod imenom „U tišini“.
11:17
And Chiharu, like Tomás Saraceno,
fills these rooms with this dense network,
fills these rooms with this dense network,
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Čijaru je, kao i Tomas Saraseno,
ispunila prostorije gustom mrežom,
ispunila prostorije gustom mrežom,
11:23
this dense web of elastic ropes
and black wool and thread,
and black wool and thread,
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zbijenom mrežom elastičnih užadi,
crne vune i niti,
crne vune i niti,
11:26
sometimes including objects,
as you can see here,
as you can see here,
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ponekad obuhvatajući predmete,
kao što možete videti ovde,
kao što možete videti ovde,
11:29
sometimes even including people,
in many of her installations.
in many of her installations.
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a ponekad čak i obuhvatajući ljude,
u mnogim od njenih instalacija.
u mnogim od njenih instalacija.
11:35
But networks are also
not just a new trend,
not just a new trend,
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Ipak, mreže nisu samo novi trend,
11:38
and it's too easy for us
to dismiss it as such.
to dismiss it as such.
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a veoma nam je lako
da ih odbacimo kao takve.
da ih odbacimo kao takve.
11:41
Networks really embody
notions of decentralization,
notions of decentralization,
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Mreže zapravo oličavaju
ideje decentralizacije,
ideje decentralizacije,
11:44
of interconnectedness, of interdependence.
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međusobne povezanosti, međuzavisnosti.
11:48
And this new way of thinking is critical
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Taj novi način razmišljanja je ključan
11:50
for us to solve many of the complex
problems we are facing nowadays,
problems we are facing nowadays,
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da bismo rešili mnoge složene probleme
sa kojima se suočavamo danas,
sa kojima se suočavamo danas,
11:54
from decoding the human brain,
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od dekodiranja ljudskog mozga
11:56
to understanding
the vast universe out there.
the vast universe out there.
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do razumevanja ogromnog univerzuma.
11:59
On your left side, you have a snapshot
of a neural network of a mouse --
of a neural network of a mouse --
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Na levoj strani imate sliku
neuralne mreže miša -
neuralne mreže miša -
12:04
very similar to our own
at this particular scale.
at this particular scale.
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vrlo slične našoj
na ovom konkretnom nivou.
na ovom konkretnom nivou.
12:07
And on your right side, you have
the Millennium Simulation.
the Millennium Simulation.
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Na desnoj strani imate
„Milenijumsku simulaciju“.
„Milenijumsku simulaciju“.
12:10
It was the largest
and most realistic simulation
and most realistic simulation
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To je bila najveća
i najrealističnija simulacija
i najrealističnija simulacija
12:13
of the growth of cosmic structure.
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rasta kosmičke strukture.
12:15
It was able to recreate the history
of 20 million galaxies
of 20 million galaxies
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Bio sam u mogućnosti da iznova stvorim
istoriju 20 miliona galaksija
istoriju 20 miliona galaksija
12:20
in approximately 25 terabytes of output.
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za otprilike 25 terabajta
izlazne vrednosti.
izlazne vrednosti.
12:24
And coincidentally or not,
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Slučajno ili ne,
12:25
I just find this particular comparison
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smatram da je ovo konkretno poređenje
12:27
between the smallest scale
of knowledge -- the brain --
of knowledge -- the brain --
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između znanja na najmanjem nivou, mozga,
i znanja na najvećem nivou,
samog univerzuma,
samog univerzuma,
12:30
and the largest scale of knowledge --
the universe itself --
the universe itself --
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zaista izvanredno i fascinantno.
12:32
to be really quite striking
and fascinating.
and fascinating.
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12:35
Because as Bruce Mau once said,
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Jer, kao što je Brus Mau jednom rekao:
12:38
"When everything is connected
to everything else,
to everything else,
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„Kada je sve povezano sa svim ostalim,
12:40
for better or for worse,
everything matters."
everything matters."
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u dobru i u zlu, sve je bitno.“
12:43
Thank you so much.
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Hvala vam.
12:44
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Manuel Lima - Data visualization researcherManuel Lima studies how information can be organized -- into elegant and beautiful diagrams that illustrate the many unexpected twists of big data.
Why you should listen
Data expert Manuel Lima approaches intimidatingly dry stacks of bits with the eye of a designer. His website, VisualComplexity, is an encyclopedic and visually stunning catalog of the myriad paths artists take to illuminate the shadowy corners of stockpiled information, whether it’s a taxonomy of rap names or tracking oil money.
Lima’s passion for data has also driven him to become a historian. In The Book of Trees, he digs to the 12th-century roots of the tree diagram, one of humanity’s most powerful and ancient tools for visually representing knowledge.
More profile about the speakerLima’s passion for data has also driven him to become a historian. In The Book of Trees, he digs to the 12th-century roots of the tree diagram, one of humanity’s most powerful and ancient tools for visually representing knowledge.
Manuel Lima | Speaker | TED.com