TEDxYouth@Sydney
Oscar Schwartz: Can a computer write poetry?
Oskar Švorc (Oscar Schwartz): Može li kompjuter da piše poeziju?
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Ako pročitate pesmu i osetite da vas je ganula, a onda otkrijete da ju je zapravo napisao kompjuter, hoće li to uticati na vaše iskustvo? Da li ćete da smatrate kako se kompjuter izrazio i bio kreativan ili ćete se osećati kao da ste naseli na jeftin trik? U ovom govoru, pisac Oskar Švorc istražuje zašto tako snažno reagujemo na zamisao o kompjuteru koji piše poeziju - i kako nam ova reakcija pomaže da shvatimo šta znači biti čovek.
Test za poeziju br. 1
Prva pesma
Muvo mala,
Letnju igru ti
Moja nemarna
Ruka prekrati.
Zar ti nisi
Čovek kao ja,
A ja kao ti
Muva malena?
(Preveo: Dragan Purešić)
Druga pesma
Možemo da osećamo
Aktivista kroz tvog života
Jutra
Zastaje da vidi, tog papu kog mrzim
Nije noć sva za početak
sjajna inače
Vijugaću kovitlace
Prostranstvom nagađajući
Potpuno umni hrčci ako ja
Znam da izdržim jednu ključnu godinu
Apsolutno.
Test za poeziju br. 2
Prva pesma
Lav riče, a pas laje. Zanimljivo je to
i očaravajuće da ptica će da leti ili ne
rika ili lavež. Opčinjavajuće priče o životinjama
su mi u snovima i ja ispevaću ih sve
nisam li suviše umoran il' iscrpljen.
Druga pesma
Ah! kenguri, cekini, čokoladne sode vode!
Uistinu ste krasni! Biseri,
harmonike, žižule, aspirini! Sve
stvari te o kojima oduvek govore
pesma ipak u iznenađenje pretvori!
Te stvari uz nas su svakodnevno
na mostobranima i nosilima čak. One
značenje imaju. Jake su poput stena.
Test za poeziju br 3
Prva pesma
Crvene zastave su razlog za lepe zastave.
I trake.
Trake od zastava.
I nosive tkanine
Razlozi da se nose tkanine.
Pružaju zadovoljstvo.
Mogu li da dobijem oblasti.
Oblasti i zemlju.
Oblasti i točkove.
Svi točkovi su savršeni.
Oduševljenje.
Druga pesma
Ranjeni jelen skače najviše
Slušala sam narcise
Slušala sam zastave danas
Slušala sam priču lovca;
Ovo je sami ushit smrti,
A onda predahu se bliži kraj,
i sunce postaje sve bliže
Skoro da možemo da dotaknemo očaj
pomahnitalu nadu svake dobi.
Oscar Schwartz - Writer and poet
Oscar Schwartz's research and writing concerns the influence of digital technology on culture and human interaction. Full bio
Oscar Schwartz's research and writing concerns the influence of digital technology on culture and human interaction. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I have a question.
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Imam jedno pitanje.
00:15
Can a computer write poetry?
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Može li kompjuter da piše poeziju?
00:18
This is a provocative question.
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Ovo je provokativno pitanje.
00:21
You think about it for a minute,
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Razmislite na trenutak o tome
00:23
and you suddenly have a bunch
of other questions like:
of other questions like:
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i iznenada imate gomilu
drugih pitanja, poput:
drugih pitanja, poput:
00:26
What is a computer?
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šta je kompjuter?
00:28
What is poetry?
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Šta je poezija?
00:30
What is creativity?
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Šta je kreativnost?
00:33
But these are questions
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Međutim, ovo su pitanja
00:34
that people spend their entire
lifetime trying to answer,
lifetime trying to answer,
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o čijim odgovorima ljudi
provedu čitav život razmišljajući,
provedu čitav život razmišljajući,
00:37
not in a single TED Talk.
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a ne jedan TED govor.
00:40
So we're going to have to try
a different approach.
a different approach.
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Pa ćemo morati da isprobamo
drugačiji pristup.
drugačiji pristup.
00:42
So up here, we have two poems.
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Dakle, ovde gore imamo dve pesme.
00:45
One of them is written by a human,
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Jednu je napisalo ljudsko biće,
00:48
and the other one's written by a computer.
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a drugu je napisao kompjuter.
00:50
I'm going to ask you to tell me
which one's which.
which one's which.
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Zamoliću vas da mi kažete koja je koja.
00:53
Have a go:
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Pokušajte:
00:55
Poem 1: Little Fly / Thy summer's play, /
My thoughtless hand / Has brush'd away.
My thoughtless hand / Has brush'd away.
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Prva pesma: Muvo mala, / Letnju igru ti /
Moja nemarna / Ruka prekrati
Moja nemarna / Ruka prekrati
00:59
Am I not / A fly like thee? /
Or art not thou / A man like me?
Or art not thou / A man like me?
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Zar ja nisam / Muva kao ti? /
A zar ti nisi / Čovek kao ja?
A zar ti nisi / Čovek kao ja?
01:02
Poem 2: We can feel / Activist
through your life's / morning /
through your life's / morning /
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Druga pesma: Možemo da osećamo / Aktivista
kroz tvog života / jutra
kroz tvog života / jutra
01:05
Pauses to see, pope I hate the / Non
all the night to start a / great otherwise (...)
all the night to start a / great otherwise (...)
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Zastane da vidi, mrzim papu tog / Nije noć
sva za početak / sjajna inače (...)
sva za početak / sjajna inače (...)
01:10
Alright, time's up.
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U redu vreme je isteklo.
01:11
Hands up if you think Poem 1
was written by a human.
was written by a human.
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Podignite ruke, ako mislite
da je prvu pesmu napisao čovek.
da je prvu pesmu napisao čovek.
01:17
OK, most of you.
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U redu, većina misli.
01:19
Hands up if you think Poem 2
was written by a human.
was written by a human.
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Podignite ruke, ako mislite
da je drugu pesmu napisao čovek.
da je drugu pesmu napisao čovek.
01:23
Very brave of you,
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Veoma hrabro od vas
01:24
because the first one was written
by the human poet William Blake.
by the human poet William Blake.
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jer je prvu napisao
ljudski pesnik Vilijam Blejk.
ljudski pesnik Vilijam Blejk.
01:29
The second one was written by an algorithm
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Drugu je napisao algoritam
01:32
that took all the language
from my Facebook feed on one day
from my Facebook feed on one day
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koji je iskoristio sav jezik
iz jednog dana na mom kanalu na Fejsbuku
iz jednog dana na mom kanalu na Fejsbuku
01:36
and then regenerated it algorithmically,
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i potom ga je preradio algoritamski,
01:39
according to methods that I'll describe
a little bit later on.
a little bit later on.
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služeći se metodama
koje ću da objasnim nešto kasnije.
koje ću da objasnim nešto kasnije.
01:43
So let's try another test.
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Pa, isprobajmo još jedan test.
01:46
Again, you haven't got ages to read this,
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Opet, nemate večnost da ovo pročitate,
01:48
so just trust your gut.
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prosto verujte osećaju.
01:50
Poem 1: A lion roars and a dog barks.
It is interesting / and fascinating
It is interesting / and fascinating
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Prva pesma: Lav riče, a pas laje
zanimljivo je to / i očaravajuće
zanimljivo je to / i očaravajuće
01:54
that a bird will fly and not / roar
or bark. Enthralling stories about animals
or bark. Enthralling stories about animals
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da ptica će da leti ili ne / rika ili
lavež. Opčinjavajuće priče o životinjama
lavež. Opčinjavajuće priče o životinjama
01:58
are in my dreams and I will sing them all
if I / am not exhausted or weary.
if I / am not exhausted or weary.
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su mi u snovima i ja ispevaću ih sve /
nisam li odveć umoran il' iscrpljen.
nisam li odveć umoran il' iscrpljen.
02:02
Poem 2: Oh! kangaroos, sequins, chocolate
sodas! / You are really beautiful!
sodas! / You are really beautiful!
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Druga pesma: Ah! kenguri, cekini,
čokoladne sode vode! / Uistinu ste krasni!
čokoladne sode vode! / Uistinu ste krasni!
02:06
Pearls, / harmonicas, jujubes, aspirins!
All / the stuff they've always talked about (...)
All / the stuff they've always talked about (...)
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Biseri, / harmonike, žižule, aspirini!
Sve / stvari te o kojima oduvek govore....
Sve / stvari te o kojima oduvek govore....
02:11
Alright, time's up.
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Uredu, vreme je isteklo.
02:12
So if you think the first poem
was written by a human,
was written by a human,
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Dakle, ako mislite da je prvu pesmu
napisalo ljudsko biće,
napisalo ljudsko biće,
02:15
put your hand up.
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podignite ruke.
02:17
OK.
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U redu.
02:18
And if you think the second poem
was written by a human,
was written by a human,
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A ako mislite da je drugu pesmu
napisalo ljudsko biće,
napisalo ljudsko biće,
02:21
put your hand up.
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podignite ruke.
02:23
We have, more or less, a 50/50 split here.
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Ovde imamo, manje-više, podelu 50-50.
02:28
It was much harder.
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Bilo je značajno teže.
02:29
The answer is,
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Odgovor je:
02:31
the first poem was generated
by an algorithm called Racter,
by an algorithm called Racter,
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prvu pesmu je sastavio
algoritam koji se zove Racter,
algoritam koji se zove Racter,
02:34
that was created back in the 1970s,
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napravljen davnih 1970-ih,
02:37
and the second poem was written
by a guy called Frank O'Hara,
by a guy called Frank O'Hara,
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a drugu pesmu je napisao
čovek po imenu Frenk Ohara,
čovek po imenu Frenk Ohara,
02:41
who happens to be
one of my favorite human poets.
one of my favorite human poets.
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koji je slučajno jedan od mojih omiljenih
ljudskih pesnika.
ljudskih pesnika.
02:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:48
So what we've just done now
is a Turing test for poetry.
is a Turing test for poetry.
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Dakle, upravo ste odradili
Tjuringov test za poeziju.
Tjuringov test za poeziju.
02:52
The Turing test was first proposed
by this guy, Alan Turing, in 1950,
by this guy, Alan Turing, in 1950,
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Tjuringov test je predložio
ovaj lik, Alan Tjuring, 1950,
ovaj lik, Alan Tjuring, 1950,
02:56
in order to answer the question,
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kako bi odgovorio na pitanje:
02:58
can computers think?
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mogu li kompjuteri da misle?
03:00
Alan Turing believed that if
a computer was able
a computer was able
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Alan Tjuring je verovao
da ukoliko je kompjuter u stanju
da ukoliko je kompjuter u stanju
03:03
to have a to have a text-based
conversation with a human,
conversation with a human,
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da vodi razgovor s čovekom,
utemeljen na tekstu,
utemeljen na tekstu,
03:06
with such proficiency
such that the human couldn't tell
such that the human couldn't tell
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toliko vično da čovek ne može da odredi
03:08
whether they are talking
to a computer or a human,
to a computer or a human,
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da li razgovara s kompjuterom ili čovekom,
03:11
then the computer can be said
to have intelligence.
to have intelligence.
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onda se za kompjuter može reći
da ima inteligenciju.
da ima inteligenciju.
03:15
So in 2013, my friend
Benjamin Laird and I,
Benjamin Laird and I,
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Pa smo 2013,
moj prijatelj Bendžamin Lerd i ja
moj prijatelj Bendžamin Lerd i ja
03:18
we created a Turing test
for poetry online.
for poetry online.
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napravili Tjuringov test za poeziju
na internetu.
na internetu.
03:21
It's called bot or not,
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Zove se "Bot or not",
03:22
and you can go and play it for yourselves.
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i možete da ga posetite i da se poigrate.
03:24
But basically, it's the game
we just played.
we just played.
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U suštini, radi se o igri
koju smo upravo igrali.
koju smo upravo igrali.
03:27
You're presented with a poem,
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Ponuđena vam je pesma,
03:28
you don't know whether it was written
by a human or a computer
by a human or a computer
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ne znate da li ju je napisao čovek
ili kompjuter
ili kompjuter
i morate da pogađate.
03:31
and you have to guess.
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Dakle, na hiljade ljudi
je učestvovalo u ovom testu na internetu
je učestvovalo u ovom testu na internetu
03:33
So thousands and thousands
of people have taken this test online,
of people have taken this test online,
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03:36
so we have results.
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i imamo rezultate.
03:37
And what are the results?
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A koji su rezultati?
03:39
Well, Turing said that if a computer
could fool a human
could fool a human
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Pa, Tjuring je rekao da ako kompjuter
može da obmanjuje čoveka
može da obmanjuje čoveka
03:42
30 percent of the time
that it was a human,
that it was a human,
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30 posto vremena da je čovek,
03:45
then it passes the Turing test
for intelligence.
for intelligence.
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onda je prošao
Tjuringov test za inteligenciju.
Tjuringov test za inteligenciju.
03:48
We have poems on the bot or not database
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Imamo pesme u "Bot or not"
bazi podataka
bazi podataka
03:51
that have fooled 65 percent
of human readers into thinking
of human readers into thinking
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koje su obmanule 65 procenata
ljudskih čitalaca da veruju
ljudskih čitalaca da veruju
03:54
it was written by a human.
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da su ih napisali ljudi.
03:55
So, I think we have an answer
to our question.
to our question.
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Dakle, mislim da imamo
odgovor na naše pitanje.
odgovor na naše pitanje.
03:59
According to the logic of the Turing test,
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Prema logici Tjuringovog testa:
04:01
can a computer write poetry?
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može li kompjuter da piše poeziju?
04:03
Well, yes, absolutely it can.
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Pa, da, apsolutno može.
04:07
But if you're feeling
a little bit uncomfortable
a little bit uncomfortable
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Međutim ako se osećate malčice nelagodno
04:10
with this answer, that's OK.
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zbog ovog odgovora, to je u redu.
04:12
If you're having a bunch
of gut reactions to it,
of gut reactions to it,
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Ako imate gomilu
instinktivnih reakcija na ovo,
instinktivnih reakcija na ovo,
04:14
that's also OK because
this isn't the end of the story.
this isn't the end of the story.
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to je takođe u redu
jer ovo nije kraj priče.
jer ovo nije kraj priče.
04:18
Let's play our third and final test.
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Hajde da pustimo treći i poslednji test.
04:22
Again, you're going to have to read
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Opet, moraćete da pročitate
04:23
and tell me which you think is human.
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i da mi kažete šta je napisao čovek.
04:25
Poem 1: Reg flags the reason
for pretty flags. / And ribbons.
for pretty flags. / And ribbons.
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Prva pesma: Crvene zastave su razlog
za lepe zastave. / I trake.
za lepe zastave. / I trake.
04:29
Ribbons of flags / And wearing material /
Reasons for wearing material. (...)
Reasons for wearing material. (...)
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Trake od zastava / I nosive tkanine /
Razlozi da se nose tkanine. (...)
Razlozi da se nose tkanine. (...)
04:33
Poem 2: A wounded deer leaps
highest, / I've heard the daffodil
highest, / I've heard the daffodil
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2. Pesma: Povređeni jelen skače najviše /
Slušala sam narcise
Slušala sam narcise
04:37
I've heard the flag to-day /
I've heard the hunter tell; /
I've heard the hunter tell; /
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Slušala sam zastave danas /
Slušala sam priču lovca; /
Slušala sam priču lovca; /
04:41
'Tis but the ecstasy of death, /
And then the brake is almost done (...)
And then the brake is almost done (...)
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Ovo je sami ushit smrti, /
A onda predahu se bliži kraj (..)
A onda predahu se bliži kraj (..)
04:44
OK, time is up.
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U redu, vreme je isteklo.
04:46
So hands up if you think Poem 1
was written by a human.
was written by a human.
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Podignite ruke, ako mislite
da je prvu pesmu napisalo ljudsko biće.
da je prvu pesmu napisalo ljudsko biće.
04:51
Hands up if you think Poem 2
was written by a human.
was written by a human.
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Podignite ruke, ako mislite
da je drugu pesmu napisao čovek.
da je drugu pesmu napisao čovek.
04:55
Whoa, that's a lot more people.
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Opa, to je mnogo više ljudi.
04:58
So you'd be surprised to find that Poem 1
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Dakle, iznenadiće vas da je prvu pesmu
05:01
was written by the very
human poet Gertrude Stein.
human poet Gertrude Stein.
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napisala baš ljudska pesnikinja
Gertruda Štajn.
Gertruda Štajn.
05:06
And Poem 2 was generated
by an algorithm called RKCP.
by an algorithm called RKCP.
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A drugu pesmu je sastavio
algoritam, naslovljen RKCP.
algoritam, naslovljen RKCP.
05:11
Now before we go on, let me describe
very quickly and simply,
very quickly and simply,
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Sad, pre nego što nastavimo
dozvolite da vam brzo i jednostavno
dozvolite da vam brzo i jednostavno
05:14
how RKCP works.
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objasnim kako RKCP radi.
05:16
So RKCP is an algorithm
designed by Ray Kurzweil,
designed by Ray Kurzweil,
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Dakle, RKCP je algoritam
koga je dizajnirao Rej Kurcvel,
koga je dizajnirao Rej Kurcvel,
05:20
who's a director of engineering at Google
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direktor inženjeringa u Guglu
05:22
and a firm believer
in artificial intelligence.
in artificial intelligence.
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i istinski pobornik
veštačke inteligencije.
veštačke inteligencije.
05:25
So, you give RKCP a source text,
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Dakle, date RKCP-u izvorni tekst,
05:29
it analyzes the source text in order
to find out how it uses language,
to find out how it uses language,
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on analizira izvorni tekst da bi otkrio
kako je korišćen jezik u njemu,
kako je korišćen jezik u njemu,
05:34
and then it regenerates language
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a onda ponovo stvara jezik
05:36
that emulates that first text.
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koji podražava taj prvobitni tekst.
05:38
So in the poem we just saw before,
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U pesmi koju smo upravo videli,
05:40
Poem 2, the one that you all
thought was human,
thought was human,
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drugoj pesmi, za koju ste svi
verovali da je ljudska,
verovali da je ljudska,
u algoritam je pohranjena gomila pesama
05:43
it was fed a bunch of poems
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05:45
by a poet called Emily Dickinson
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pesnikinje Emili Dikinson.
Razmatrao je kako je ona koristila jezik,
05:47
it looked at the way she used language,
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05:49
learned the model,
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savladao je obrazac,
05:50
and then it regenerated a model
according to that same structure.
according to that same structure.
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a potom je nanovo stvorio obrazac
prema toj istoj strukturi.
prema toj istoj strukturi.
05:56
But the important thing to know about RKCP
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Međutim, važno je da znate za RKCP
05:58
is that it doesn't know the meaning
of the words it's using.
of the words it's using.
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da on ne zna značenje reči koje koristi.
06:02
The language is just raw material,
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Jezik je prosto sirovina,
06:04
it could be Chinese,
it could be in Swedish,
it could be in Swedish,
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mogao bi biti kineski,
mogao bi biti švedski,
mogao bi biti švedski,
06:06
it could be the collected language
from your Facebook feed for one day.
from your Facebook feed for one day.
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mogao bi to biti izabrani jezik
jednog dana s vašeg Fejsbuk kanala.
jednog dana s vašeg Fejsbuk kanala.
06:11
It's just raw material.
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To je prosto sirovina.
06:13
And nevertheless, it's able
to create a poem
to create a poem
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A ipak je u stanju da sastavi pesmu
06:16
that seems more human
than Gertrude Stein's poem,
than Gertrude Stein's poem,
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koja zvuči ljudskije
od poezije Gertrude Štajn,
od poezije Gertrude Štajn,
06:19
and Gertrude Stein is a human.
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a Gertruda Štajn je ljudsko biće.
06:22
So what we've done here is,
more or less, a reverse Turing test.
more or less, a reverse Turing test.
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Ovde smo obavili, manje-više,
obrnuti Tjuringov test.
obrnuti Tjuringov test.
06:27
So Gertrude Stein, who's a human,
is able to write a poem
is able to write a poem
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Dakle, Gertruda Štajn, koja je čovek,
može da napiše pesmu
može da napiše pesmu
06:33
that fools a majority
of human judges into thinking
of human judges into thinking
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koja obmanjuje većinu
ljudskih sudija da veruju
ljudskih sudija da veruju
06:36
that it was written by a computer.
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da ju je napisao kompjuter.
06:39
Therefore, according to the logic
of the reverse Turing test,
of the reverse Turing test,
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Stoga, prema logici
obrnutog Tjurinovog testa,
obrnutog Tjurinovog testa,
06:43
Gertrude Stein is a computer.
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Gertruda Štajn je kompjuter.
06:45
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:47
Feeling confused?
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Zbunjeni ste?
06:49
I think that's fair enough.
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Mislim da je to pošteno.
06:51
So far we've had humans
that write like humans,
that write like humans,
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Dosad smo imali ljude koji pišu kao ljudi,
06:55
we have computers that write
like computers,
like computers,
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imamo kompjutere
koji pišu kao kompjuteri,
koji pišu kao kompjuteri,
06:58
we have computers that write like humans,
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imamo kompjutere koji pišu kao ljudi,
07:01
but we also have,
perhaps most confusingly,
perhaps most confusingly,
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ali takođe imamo,
verovatno najkonfuznije,
verovatno najkonfuznije,
07:05
humans that write like computers.
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ljude koji pišu kao kompjuteri.
07:08
So what do we take from all of this?
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Dakle, šta da zaključimo iz ovoga?
07:11
Do we take that William Blake
is somehow more of a human
is somehow more of a human
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Da li da zaključimo
da je Vilijam Blejk nekako ljudskiji
da je Vilijam Blejk nekako ljudskiji
07:14
than Gertrude Stein?
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od Gertrude Štajn?
07:16
Or that Gertrude Stein is more
of a computer than William Blake?
of a computer than William Blake?
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Ili da je Gertruda Štajn
više kompjuter od Vilijama Blejka?
više kompjuter od Vilijama Blejka?
07:19
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:20
These are questions
I've been asking myself
I've been asking myself
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Ova pitanja sam sebi postavljao
07:23
for around two years now,
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evo već dve godine
07:24
and I don't have any answers.
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i nemam nikakve odgovore.
07:26
But what I do have are a bunch of insights
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Ali imam gomilu zapažanja
07:29
about our relationship with technology.
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o našem odnosu prema tehnologiji.
07:32
So my first insight is that,
for some reason,
for some reason,
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Moje prvo zapažanje je da iz nekog razloga
07:36
we associate poetry with being human.
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povezujemo poeziju s ljudskošću.
07:40
So that when we ask,
"Can a computer write poetry?"
"Can a computer write poetry?"
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Pa, kada pitamo:
"Može li kompjuter da piše poeziju?"
"Može li kompjuter da piše poeziju?"
07:43
we're also asking,
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takođe pitamo:
07:45
"What does it mean to be human
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"Šta znači biti čovek
07:46
and how do we put boundaries
around this category?
around this category?
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i kako ograničavamo ovu kategoriju?
07:50
How do we say who or what
can be part of this category?"
can be part of this category?"
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Kako određujemo ko ili šta
može da bude deo ove kategorije?"
može da bude deo ove kategorije?"
07:54
This is an essentially
philosophical question, I believe,
philosophical question, I believe,
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Ovo je, verujem,
u suštini filozofsko pitanje
u suštini filozofsko pitanje
i test sa da ili ne
ne može da odgovori na njega,
ne može da odgovori na njega,
07:57
and it can't be answered
with a yes or no test,
with a yes or no test,
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08:00
like the Turing test.
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poput Tjuringovog testa.
08:01
I also believe that Alan Turing
understood this,
understood this,
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Takođe verujem da je Alan Tjuring
razumeo ovo
razumeo ovo
08:04
and that when he devised
his test back in 1950,
his test back in 1950,
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i da kada je osmislio svoj test te 1950,
08:08
he was doing it
as a philosophical provocation.
as a philosophical provocation.
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on ga je napravio
kao filozofsku provokaciju.
kao filozofsku provokaciju.
08:13
So my second insight is that,
when we take the Turing test for poetry,
when we take the Turing test for poetry,
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Pa je moj sledeće zapažanje da,
kada uradimo Tjuringov test za poeziju,
kada uradimo Tjuringov test za poeziju,
08:18
we're not really testing
the capacity of the computers
the capacity of the computers
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mi zaista ne testiramo
sposobnosti kompjutera
sposobnosti kompjutera
08:22
because poetry-generating algorithms,
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jer su algoritmi za sastavljanje poezije
08:25
they're pretty simple and have existed,
more or less, since the 1950s.
more or less, since the 1950s.
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prilično prosti i postoje,
manje-više, od 1950-ih.
manje-više, od 1950-ih.
08:31
What we are doing with the Turing
test for poetry, rather,
test for poetry, rather,
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Tjuringovim testom za poeziju,
08:34
is collecting opinions about what
constitutes humanness.
constitutes humanness.
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mi sakupljamo mišljenja o tome
iz čega se sastoji ljudskost.
iz čega se sastoji ljudskost.
08:40
So, what I've figured out,
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Dakle, ono što sam shvatio,
08:43
we've seen this when earlier today,
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videli smo to nešto ranije,
08:46
we say that William Blake
is more of a human
is more of a human
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kažemo da je Vilijam Blejk
više ljudsko biće
više ljudsko biće
08:48
than Gertrude Stein.
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od Gertrude Štajn.
08:50
Of course, this doesn't mean
that William Blake
that William Blake
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Naravno da ovo ne znači
da je Vilijam Blejk
da je Vilijam Blejk
08:52
was actually more human
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1828
uistinu bio više ljudsko biće
08:54
or that Gertrude Stein
was more of a computer.
was more of a computer.
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ili da je Gertruda Štajn
više bila kompjuter.
više bila kompjuter.
08:57
It simply means that the category
of the human is unstable.
of the human is unstable.
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To prosto znači
da je kategorija ljudskosti nestabilna.
da je kategorija ljudskosti nestabilna.
09:03
This has led me to understand
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Zbog ovoga sam shvatio
09:05
that the human is not a cold, hard fact.
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da ljudskost nije hladna,
čvrsta činjenica.
čvrsta činjenica.
09:08
Rather, it is something
that's constructed with our opinions
that's constructed with our opinions
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Već da je to nešto
što je sačinjeno od naših shvatanja
što je sačinjeno od naših shvatanja
09:11
and something that changes over time.
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i nešto što se vremenom menja.
09:16
So my final insight is that
the computer, more or less,
the computer, more or less,
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Pa je moje poslednje zapažanje
da kompjuter, manje-više,
da kompjuter, manje-više,
09:21
works like a mirror
that reflects any idea of a human
that reflects any idea of a human
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funkcioniše poput ogledala
koje odražava bilo koju ideju ljudskosti
koje odražava bilo koju ideju ljudskosti
09:25
that we show it.
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koju mu pokažemo.
09:26
We show it Emily Dickinson,
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Pokažemo mu Emili Dikinson,
09:28
it gives Emily Dickinson back to us.
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on nam vrati Emili Dikinson.
09:31
We show it William Blake,
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Pokažemo mu Vilijama Blejka,
09:33
that's what it reflects back to us.
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to je ono što će da bude u odrazu.
09:35
We show it Gertrude Stein,
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Pokažemo mu Gertrudu Štajn,
09:37
what we get back is Gertrude Stein.
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dobićemo opet Gertrudu Štajn.
09:41
More than any other bit of technology,
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Više od bilo kog parčeta tehnologije,
09:43
the computer is a mirror that reflects
any idea of the human we teach it.
any idea of the human we teach it.
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kompjuter je ogledalo koje odražava
bilo koju ideju ljudskosti koju nauči.
bilo koju ideju ljudskosti koju nauči.
09:50
So I'm sure a lot of you have been hearing
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Siguran sam da je većina vas slušala
09:52
a lot about artificial
intelligence recently.
intelligence recently.
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mnogo o veštačkoj inteligenciji,
u skorije vreme.
u skorije vreme.
09:56
And much of the conversation is,
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A većina razgovora je o tome
10:00
can we build it?
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možemo li je napraviti?
10:02
Can we build an intelligent computer?
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Možemo li da napravimo
inteligentan kompjuter?
inteligentan kompjuter?
10:05
Can we build a creative computer?
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Možemo li da napravimo
kreativan kompjuter?
kreativan kompjuter?
10:08
What we seem to be asking over and over
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Čini mi se da iznova i iznova pitamo:
10:10
is can we build a human-like computer?
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možemo li da napravimo
čovekoliki kompjuter?
čovekoliki kompjuter?
10:13
But what we've seen just now
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Međutim, upravo smo videli
10:15
is that the human
is not a scientific fact,
is not a scientific fact,
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da ljudskost nije naučna činjenica,
10:18
that it's an ever-shifting,
concatenating idea
concatenating idea
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da je to ideja
koja se stalno menja, nadograđuje
koja se stalno menja, nadograđuje
10:22
and one that changes over time.
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i menja tokom vremena.
10:24
So that when we begin
to grapple with the ideas
to grapple with the ideas
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Pa, kad se uhvatimo u koštac sa zamislima
10:27
of artificial intelligence in the future,
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o veštačkoj inteligenciji u budućnosti,
10:30
we shouldn't only be asking ourselves,
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ne bi trebalo da se samo pitamo:
10:32
"Can we build it?"
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"Možemo li je napraviti?"
10:33
But we should also be asking ourselves,
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Već bi trebalo i da se pitamo:
10:35
"What idea of the human
do we want to have reflected back to us?"
do we want to have reflected back to us?"
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"Koju ideju ljudskosti
želimo da nađemo u njenom odrazu?"
želimo da nađemo u njenom odrazu?"
10:39
This is an essentially philosophical idea,
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Ovo je suštinski filozofska zamisao,
10:42
and it's one that can't be answered
with software alone,
with software alone,
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i to takva da na nju
ne može da odgvori samo softver,
ne može da odgvori samo softver,
10:45
but I think requires a moment
of species-wide, existential reflection.
of species-wide, existential reflection.
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već mislim da zahteva trenutak
egzistencijalnog razmatranja
od strane celokupne vrste.
od strane celokupne vrste.
10:51
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:52
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Oscar Schwartz - Writer and poetOscar Schwartz's research and writing concerns the influence of digital technology on culture and human interaction.
Why you should listen
Oscar Schwartz is an Australian writer and poet undertaking a PhD that asks whether a computer can write poetry. His research led to the development of a Turing test for poetry, which is available on a website he cofounded called bot or not.
Oscar Schwartz | Speaker | TED.com