TEDSummit
Don Tapscott: How the blockchain is changing money and business
Don Tapskot (Don Tapscott): Kako blokčejn menja novac i poslovanje
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Šta je blokčejn? Ako ne znate, trebalo bi da znate; ako znate, verovatno vam je i dalje potrebno izvesno razjašnjenje o tome kako zapravo funkcioniše. Don Tapskot je tu da pomogne, demistifikuje ovu tehnologiju koja menja svet, koja gradi poverenje i, kako kaže, ne predstavlja ništa manje od druge generacije interneta i ima potencijal da transformiše novac, poslovanje, vladu i društvo.
Don Tapscott - Digital strategist
Don Tapscott, Executive Chairman of the Blockchain Research Institute, is one of the world’s leading authorities on the impact of technology in business and society. He has authored 16 books, including "Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything," which has been translated into over 25 languages Full bio
Don Tapscott, Executive Chairman of the Blockchain Research Institute, is one of the world’s leading authorities on the impact of technology in business and society. He has authored 16 books, including "Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything," which has been translated into over 25 languages Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Tehnologija koja će verovatno
imati najveći uticaj
imati najveći uticaj
00:12
The technology likely to have
the greatest impact
the greatest impact
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00:16
on the next few decades
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na narednih nekoliko decenija
00:18
has arrived.
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je stigla.
00:19
And it's not social media.
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To nisu društveni mediji.
00:22
It's not big data.
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To nisu veliki podaci.
00:23
It's not robotics.
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Nije u pitanju robotika.
00:25
It's not even AI.
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Čak nije ni veštačka inteligencija.
00:27
You'll be surprised to learn
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Iznenadiće vas saznanje
00:29
that it's the underlying technology
of digital currencies like Bitcoin.
of digital currencies like Bitcoin.
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da se radi o tehnologiji koja je u osnovi
digitalnih valuta kao što je bitkoin.
digitalnih valuta kao što je bitkoin.
00:34
It's called the blockchain. Blockchain.
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Naziva se blokčejn. Blokčejn.
00:38
Now, it's not the most sonorous
word in the world,
word in the world,
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Nije najzvučnija reč na svetu,
00:42
but I believe that this is now
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ali verujem da je to sada
00:44
the next generation of the internet,
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sledeća generacija interneta,
00:47
and that it holds vast promise
for every business, every society
for every business, every society
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i da daje velika obećanja
svakom poslu, svakom društvu
svakom poslu, svakom društvu
00:51
and for all of you, individually.
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i svakome od vas pojedinačno.
00:54
You know, for the past few decades,
we've had the internet of information.
we've had the internet of information.
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Znate, proteklih nekoliko decenija,
imali smo internet informacija.
imali smo internet informacija.
00:59
And when I send you an email
or a PowerPoint file or something,
or a PowerPoint file or something,
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Kada vam pošaljem imejl,
fajl Pauer Pointa ili bilo šta,
fajl Pauer Pointa ili bilo šta,
01:03
I'm actually not sending you the original,
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zapravo vam ne šaljem original,
01:05
I'm sending you a copy.
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već vam šaljem kopiju.
01:07
And that's great.
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To je sjajno.
01:08
This is democratized information.
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To je demokratizovana informacija.
Međutim, kada se radi o imovini -
01:12
But when it comes to assets --
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01:15
things like money,
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o stvarima kao što je novac,
01:17
financial assets like stocks and bonds,
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finansijska sredstva
kao što su akcije i obveznice,
kao što su akcije i obveznice,
01:20
loyalty points, intellectual property,
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poeni za lojalnost, intelektualna svojina,
01:23
music, art, a vote,
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muzika, umetnost, birački glasovi,
01:26
carbon credit and other assets --
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kredit za ugljenik i ostala sredstva -
01:29
sending you a copy is a really bad idea.
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slanje kopije je veoma loša ideja.
01:32
If I send you 100 dollars,
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Ako vam pošaljem 100 dolara,
01:34
it's really important
that I don't still have the money --
that I don't still have the money --
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vrlo je važno da novac
više nije kod mene -
više nije kod mene -
01:37
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:38
and that I can't send it to you.
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tako da ne mogu da vam ga pošaljem.
01:40
This has been called
the "double-spend" problem
the "double-spend" problem
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To su kriptografi dugo nazivali
problem „dvostruke potrošnje“.
problem „dvostruke potrošnje“.
01:42
by cryptographers for a long time.
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01:45
So today, we rely entirely
on big intermediaries --
on big intermediaries --
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Danas se potpuno oslanjamo
na velike posrednike
na velike posrednike
01:50
middlemen like banks, government,
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kao što su banke, vlada,
01:53
big social media companies,
credit card companies and so on --
credit card companies and so on --
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velike kompanije društvenih medija,
kompanije za kreditne kartice itd.
kompanije za kreditne kartice itd.
01:56
to establish trust in our economy.
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da bismo uspostavili poverenje
u našu ekonomiju.
u našu ekonomiju.
01:59
And these intermediaries perform
all the business and transaction logic
all the business and transaction logic
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Ovi posrednici izvršavaju logiku
svih poslova i transakcija
svih poslova i transakcija
svake vrste razmene,
02:04
of every kind of commerce,
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od dokazivanja autentičnosti,
identifikacije ljudi,
identifikacije ljudi,
02:06
from authentication,
identification of people,
identification of people,
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02:09
through to clearing, settling
and record keeping.
and record keeping.
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do kliringa, izmirenja
i vođenja evidencije.
i vođenja evidencije.
Sve u svemu, prilično dobro
obavljaju posao.
obavljaju posao.
02:13
And overall, they do a pretty good job.
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02:15
But there are growing problems.
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Međutim, postoje problemi u porastu.
02:17
To begin, they're centralized.
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Za početak, centralizovani su.
02:19
That means they can be hacked,
and increasingly are --
and increasingly are --
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To znači da se mogu hakovati,
i sve više ih hakuju -
i sve više ih hakuju -
02:22
JP Morgan, the US Federal Government,
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JP Morgan, federalna vlada SAD-a,
02:25
LinkedIn, Home Depot and others
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LinkedIn, Houm Dipo i drugi
02:26
found that out the hard way.
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su to otkrili na teži način.
02:28
They exclude billions of people
from the global economy,
from the global economy,
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Odstranjuju milijarde ljudi
iz svetske ekonomije,
iz svetske ekonomije,
02:32
for example, people
who don't have enough money
who don't have enough money
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na primer, ljude koji nemaju
dovoljno novca
dovoljno novca
02:34
to have a bank account.
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da bi imali račun u banci.
02:36
They slow things down.
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Oni usporavaju stvari.
02:38
It can take a second for an email
to go around the world,
to go around the world,
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Za imejl može biti potrebna sekunda
da se pošalje širom sveta,
da se pošalje širom sveta,
ali može potrajati nekoliko dana
ili nedelja dok se novac ne pokrene
ili nedelja dok se novac ne pokrene
02:42
but it can take days or weeks
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02:44
for money to move through
the banking system across a city.
the banking system across a city.
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kroz bankarski sistem
u okviru jednog grada.
u okviru jednog grada.
02:48
And they take a big piece of the action --
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Oni uzimaju znatnu količinu dobiti -
02:50
10 to 20 percent just to send money
to another country.
to another country.
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10 do 20 posto samo da bi poslali
novac u drugu zemlju.
novac u drugu zemlju.
02:54
They capture our data,
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Zaplene naše podatke, a to znači
da od njih ne možemo ostvarivati zaradu
da od njih ne možemo ostvarivati zaradu
02:55
and that means we can't monetize it
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niti ih koristiti da bolje
upravljamo svojim životom.
upravljamo svojim životom.
02:57
or use it to better manage our lives.
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03:00
Our privacy is being undermined.
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Naša privatnost je podrivena.
03:03
And the biggest problem is that overall,
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A najveći problem je što su, sve u svemu,
03:06
they've appropriated the largesse
of the digital age asymmetrically:
of the digital age asymmetrically:
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asimetrično prisvojili
obilje darova digitalnog doba -
obilje darova digitalnog doba -
03:11
we have wealth creation,
but we have growing social inequality.
but we have growing social inequality.
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imamo stvaranje bogatstva,
ali i društvenu nejednakost u porastu.
ali i društvenu nejednakost u porastu.
03:17
So what if there were not only
an internet of information,
an internet of information,
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Šta ako ne bi postojao
samo internet informacija,
samo internet informacija,
03:21
what if there were an internet of value --
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kako bi bilo kada bi postojao
internet vrednosti -
internet vrednosti -
03:24
some kind of vast, global,
distributed ledger
distributed ledger
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neka vrsta ogromnog, globalnog,
raspodeljenog registra
raspodeljenog registra
03:28
running on millions of computers
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koji cirkuliše na milionima kompjutera
03:30
and available to everybody.
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i dostupan je svima,
03:32
And where every kind of asset,
from money to music,
from money to music,
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a gde bi se svaka vrsta imovine,
od novca do muzike,
od novca do muzike,
03:36
could be stored, moved, transacted,
exchanged and managed,
exchanged and managed,
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mogla skladištiti, premeštati,
sa njom se vršiti transakcije,
sa njom se vršiti transakcije,
razmenjivati i upravljati,
sve to bez moćnih posrednika?
sve to bez moćnih posrednika?
03:42
all without powerful intermediaries?
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03:45
What if there were
a native medium for value?
a native medium for value?
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Šta ako bi postojao
domaći medijum za vrednost?
domaći medijum za vrednost?
03:50
Well, in 2008, the financial
industry crashed
industry crashed
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Pa, 2008. godine se srušila
finansijska industrija
finansijska industrija
03:54
and, perhaps propitiously,
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i, možda u pravi čas,
03:57
an anonymous person or persons
named Satoshi Nakamoto
named Satoshi Nakamoto
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anonimna osoba ili osobe
po imenu Satoši Nakamoto
po imenu Satoši Nakamoto
stvorio je dokument
04:03
created a paper where he developed
a protocol for a digital cash
a protocol for a digital cash
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u kome je razvio protokol
za digitalni novac
za digitalni novac
04:10
that used an underlying
cryptocurrency called Bitcoin.
cryptocurrency called Bitcoin.
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koji je u osnovi koristio
kriptovalutu zvanu bitkoin.
kriptovalutu zvanu bitkoin.
04:14
And this cryptocurrency enabled people
to establish trust and do transactions
to establish trust and do transactions
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Ta kriptovaluta je omogućila ljudima
da uspostave poverenje i vrše transakcije
da uspostave poverenje i vrše transakcije
04:20
without a third party.
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bez trećeg lica.
04:21
And this seemingly simple act
set off a spark
set off a spark
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Ovaj naizgled jednostavan čin
aktivirao je iskru
aktivirao je iskru
04:25
that ignited the world,
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koja je zapalila svet,
04:27
that has everyone excited
or terrified or otherwise interested
or terrified or otherwise interested
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zbog koje su svi postali uzbuđeni,
užasnuti ili na drugi način zainteresovani
užasnuti ili na drugi način zainteresovani
04:33
in many places.
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na mnogim mestima.
04:34
Now, don't be confused about Bitcoin --
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Nemojte da vas zbunjuje bitkoin -
04:36
Bitcoin is an asset; it goes up and down,
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to je stvar od vrednosti; raste i pada,
04:39
and that should be of interest
to you if you're a speculator.
to you if you're a speculator.
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a to bi trebalo da vas zanima
ako ste špekulant.
ako ste špekulant.
04:43
More broadly, it's a cryptocurrency.
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Šire gledano, to je kriptovaluta.
04:45
It's not a fiat currency
controlled by a nation-state.
controlled by a nation-state.
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To nije dekretna valuta
koju kontroliše država,
koju kontroliše država,
04:49
And that's of greater interest.
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a to je od većeg značaja.
Ono što je zaista zanimljivo ovde
jeste tehnologija koja se nalazi u osnovi.
jeste tehnologija koja se nalazi u osnovi.
04:51
But the real pony here
is the underlying technology.
is the underlying technology.
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04:54
It's called blockchain.
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Naziva se blokčejn.
04:57
So for the first time now
in human history,
in human history,
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Sada prvi put u ljudskog istoriji
05:01
people everywhere can trust each other
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ljudi sa svih strana
mogu verovati jedni drugima
mogu verovati jedni drugima
05:03
and transact peer to peer.
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i međusobno vršiti transakcije.
05:07
And trust is established,
not by some big institution,
not by some big institution,
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Poverenje ne uspostavlja
neka velika institucija
neka velika institucija
05:11
but by collaboration, by cryptography
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već saradnja, kriptografija
05:14
and by some clever code.
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i izvestan pametni kod.
05:16
And because trust is native
to the technology,
to the technology,
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Pošto je poverenje
prirodno za tehnologiju,
prirodno za tehnologiju,
05:20
I call this, "The Trust Protocol."
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ovo nazivam „protokol poverenja“.
05:22
Now, you're probably wondering:
How does this thing work?
How does this thing work?
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Verovatno se pitate:
„Kako to funkcioniše?“
„Kako to funkcioniše?“
Pošteno.
05:25
Fair enough.
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05:28
Assets -- digital assets like money
to music and everything in between --
to music and everything in between --
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Imovina - digitalna sredstva poput novca,
do muzike i svega između -
do muzike i svega između -
ne čuvaju se na nekom glavnom mestu,
05:33
are not stored in a central place,
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05:35
but they're distributed
across a global ledger,
across a global ledger,
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već su raspodeljena
u okviru globalnog registra,
u okviru globalnog registra,
05:37
using the highest level of cryptography.
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koristeći najviši nivo kriptografije.
05:40
And when a transaction is conducted,
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Kada se transakcija izvrši,
05:43
it's posted globally,
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to se objavljuje na globalnom nivou,
05:45
across millions and millions of computers.
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na milionima kompjutera.
05:49
And out there, around the world,
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Tamo negde, širom sveta,
05:51
is a group of people called "miners."
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postoji grupa ljudi koji se zovu „rudari“.
05:53
These are not young people,
they're Bitcoin miners.
they're Bitcoin miners.
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To su rudari bitkoina.
05:57
They have massive computing power
at their fingertips --
at their fingertips --
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Imaju ogromnu računarsku snagu
na dohvat ruke -
na dohvat ruke -
06:00
10 to 100 times bigger
than all of Google worldwide.
than all of Google worldwide.
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10 do 100 puta veću
od celokupne moći Gugla širom sveta.
od celokupne moći Gugla širom sveta.
06:05
These miners do a lot of work.
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Ti rudari mnogo rade.
06:08
And every 10 minutes,
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Svakih deset minuta,
06:09
kind of like the heartbeat of a network,
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poput otkucaja srca mreže,
06:11
a block gets created
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stvara se blok
06:14
that has all the transactions
from the previous 10 minutes.
from the previous 10 minutes.
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koji sadrži sve transakcije
od prethodnih 10 minuta.
od prethodnih 10 minuta.
06:17
Then the miners get to work,
trying to solve some tough problems.
trying to solve some tough problems.
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Zatim rudari prionu na posao,
pokušavajući da reše neke teške probleme.
pokušavajući da reše neke teške probleme.
06:22
And they compete:
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Oni se nadmeću.
06:24
the first miner to find out the truth
and to validate the block,
and to validate the block,
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Prvi rudar koji otkrije istinu
i potvrdi blok
i potvrdi blok
06:28
is rewarded in digital currency,
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bude nagrađen digitalnom valutom,
06:30
in the case of the Bitcoin
blockchain, with Bitcoin.
blockchain, with Bitcoin.
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a to je, u slučaju
bitkoinovog blokčejna, bitkoin.
bitkoinovog blokčejna, bitkoin.
06:34
And then -- this is the key part --
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A zatim, a ovo je ključni deo,
06:36
that block is linked to the previous block
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taj blok je povezan sa prethodnim blokom
06:38
and the previous block
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i blokom pre njega
06:40
to create a chain of blocks.
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da bi stvorili lanac blokova.
06:43
And every one is time-stamped,
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Svaki od njih dobije oznaku sa vremenom,
poput digitalnog pečatiranja voskom.
poput digitalnog pečatiranja voskom.
06:44
kind of like with a digital waxed seal.
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06:47
So if I wanted to go and hack a block
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Tako ako bih hteo da hakujem blok
06:49
and, say, pay you and you
with the same money,
with the same money,
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i, recimo, da vama i vama
platim istim novcem,
platim istim novcem,
06:54
I'd have to hack that block,
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morao bih da hakujem taj blok,
06:55
plus all the preceding blocks,
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plus sve prethodne blokove,
06:57
the entire history of commerce
on that blockchain,
on that blockchain,
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čitavu istoriju razmene na tom blokčejnu,
07:00
not just on one computer
but across millions of computers,
but across millions of computers,
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ne samo na jednom kompjuteru
već na milionima kompjutera,
već na milionima kompjutera,
07:04
simultaneously,
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istovremeno,
07:06
all using the highest
levels of encryption,
levels of encryption,
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koristeći najviše nivoe enkripcije
07:09
in the light of the most powerful
computing resource in the world
computing resource in the world
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imajući u vidu najmoćniji
kompjuterski izvor na svetu
kompjuterski izvor na svetu
koji me posmatra.
07:12
that's watching me.
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07:13
Tough to do.
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Teško je to obaviti.
07:15
This is infinitely more secure
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Ovo je beskonačno bezbednije
07:17
than the computer systems
that we have today.
that we have today.
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od kompjuterskih sistema koje imamo danas.
07:20
Blockchain. That's how it works.
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Blokčejn. Tako funkcioniše.
07:23
So the Bitcoin blockchain is just one.
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Bitkoinov blokčejn je samo jedan.
Postoji ih mnogo.
Postoji ih mnogo.
07:25
There are many.
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Itirijumov blokčejn je razvio
Kanađanin po imenu Vitalik Buterin.
Kanađanin po imenu Vitalik Buterin.
07:26
The Ethereum blockchain was developed
by a Canadian named Vitalik Buterin.
by a Canadian named Vitalik Buterin.
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07:31
He's [22] years old,
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Ima 19 godina
07:33
and this blockchain
has some extraordinary capabilities.
has some extraordinary capabilities.
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i njegov blokčejn
ima neke izuzetne sposobnosti.
ima neke izuzetne sposobnosti.
07:38
One of them is that you can
build smart contracts.
build smart contracts.
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Jedna od njih je da možete
sačiniti pametne ugovore.
sačiniti pametne ugovore.
07:41
It's kind of what it sounds like.
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To je otprilike onako kao što i zvuči.
07:43
It's a contract that self-executes,
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To je ugovor koji se samoizvršava,
07:45
and the contract handles the enforcement,
the management, performance
the management, performance
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a ugovor reguliše primenjivanje,
upravljanje, izvršavanje
upravljanje, izvršavanje
07:50
and payment -- the contract kind of has
a bank account, too, in a sense --
a bank account, too, in a sense --
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i uplatu - ugovor na neki način
ima bankovni račun -
ima bankovni račun -
07:55
of agreements between people.
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sporazuma između ljudi.
07:57
And today, on the Ethereum blockchain,
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Danas na itirijumovom blokčejnu
08:00
there are projects underway
to do everything
to do everything
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postoje projekti na putu da urade sve,
od stvaranja nove zamene za berzu
08:02
from create a new replacement
for the stock market
for the stock market
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08:05
to create a new model of democracy,
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do stvaranja novog modela demokratije
08:07
where politicians
are accountable to citizens.
are accountable to citizens.
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u kome bi političari odgovarali građanima.
08:10
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:14
So to understand what a radical change
this is going to bring,
this is going to bring,
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Kako bismo razumeli
kakvu će radikalnu promenu ovo doneti,
kakvu će radikalnu promenu ovo doneti,
pogledajmo jednu industriju,
finansijske usluge.
finansijske usluge.
08:18
let's look at one industry,
financial services.
financial services.
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Prepoznajete li ovo?
08:21
Recognize this?
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08:23
Rube Goldberg machine.
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Mašina Ruba Goldberga.
08:25
It's a ridiculously complicated machine
that does something really simple,
that does something really simple,
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To je smešno komplikovana mašina
koja radi nešto veoma jednostavno,
koja radi nešto veoma jednostavno,
08:28
like crack an egg or shut a door.
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kao što je razbijanje jajeta
ili zatvaranje vrata.
ili zatvaranje vrata.
08:31
Well, it kind of reminds me
of the financial services industry,
of the financial services industry,
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Pa, nekako me podseća
na industriju finansijskih usluga,
na industriju finansijskih usluga,
08:35
honestly.
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iskreno.
Mislim, provučete karticu
u prodavnici na uglu
u prodavnici na uglu
08:36
I mean, you tap your card
in the corner store,
in the corner store,
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08:39
and a bitstream goes through
a dozen companies,
a dozen companies,
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i bitski protok se kreće
kroz desetine kompanija,
kroz desetine kompanija,
08:42
each with their own computer system,
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od kojih svaka ima
sopstveni računarski sistem,
sopstveni računarski sistem,
08:45
some of them being 1970s mainframes
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a neki od njih su mejnfrejmovi iz '70-ih,
08:47
older than many
of the people in this room,
of the people in this room,
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stariji od mnogih ljudi u ovoj prostoriji,
08:50
and three days later, a settlement occurs.
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i tri dana kasnije se dešava poravnanje.
08:53
Well, with a blockchain
financial industry,
financial industry,
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Sa blokčejnovom finansijskom industrijom,
08:57
there would be no settlement,
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ne bi bilo poravnanja,
08:58
because the payment and the settlement
is the same activity,
is the same activity,
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jer su plaćanje i poravnanje
ista aktivnost.
ista aktivnost.
To je samo sitniš u registru.
09:01
it's just a change in the ledger.
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09:04
So Wall Street and all around the world,
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Tako su Vol Strit i svi širom sveta,
09:06
the financial industry
is in a big upheaval about this,
is in a big upheaval about this,
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finansijska industrija
je veoma uskomešana zbog ovoga,
je veoma uskomešana zbog ovoga,
09:09
wondering, can we be replaced,
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pitajući se da li može biti zamenjena
09:11
or how do we embrace
this technology for success?
this technology for success?
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ili kako da prigrlimo
ovu tehnologiju radi uspeha.
ovu tehnologiju radi uspeha.
09:15
Now, why should you care?
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Zašto bi vas bilo briga?
09:18
Well, let me describe some applications.
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Pa, dopustite da objasnim neke primene.
09:21
Prosperity.
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Prosperitet.
09:23
The first era of the internet,
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Prva era interneta,
09:25
the internet of information,
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interneta informacija,
09:26
brought us wealth
but not shared prosperity,
but not shared prosperity,
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donela nam je bogatstvo
ali ne i zajednički prosperitet,
ali ne i zajednički prosperitet,
09:30
because social inequality is growing.
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jer je društvena nejednakost u porastu.
09:32
And this is at the heart
of all of the anger and extremism
of all of the anger and extremism
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To je u srcu celokupnog besa, ekstremizma,
09:36
and protectionism and xenophobia and worse
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protekcionizma, ksenofobije i gorih stvari
09:40
that we're seeing growing
in the world today,
in the world today,
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koje viđamo u porastu u današnjem svetu.
09:43
Brexit being the most recent case.
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Bregzit je najskoriji primer.
09:46
So could we develop some new approaches
to this problem of inequality?
to this problem of inequality?
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Da li bismo mogli razviti
neke nove pristupe
neke nove pristupe
ovom problemu nejednakosti?
Jer, jedini pristup danas
je da se preraspodeli bogatstvo,
je da se preraspodeli bogatstvo,
09:52
Because the only approach today
is to redistribute wealth,
is to redistribute wealth,
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09:56
tax people and spread it around more.
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oporezuje narod i pronese se više okolo.
09:58
Could we pre-distribute wealth?
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Možemo li unapred raspodeliti bogatstvo?
10:01
Could we change the way that wealth
gets created in the first place
gets created in the first place
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Možemo li promeniti način
na koji bogatstvo uopšte nastaje
na koji bogatstvo uopšte nastaje
demokratizacijom stvaranja bogatstva,
10:04
by democratizing wealth creation,
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10:07
engaging more people in the economy,
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angažovanjem više ljudi u ekonomiji,
10:09
and then ensuring that they got
fair compensation?
fair compensation?
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a zatim obezbeđivanjem
da dobijaju poštenu nadoknadu?
da dobijaju poštenu nadoknadu?
Dozvolite da objasnim pet načina
na koje se ovo može sprovesti.
na koje se ovo može sprovesti.
10:13
Let me describe five ways
that this can be done.
that this can be done.
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10:16
Number one:
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Broj jedan -
10:18
Did you know that 70 percent
of the people in the world who have land
of the people in the world who have land
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da li ste znali da 70 posto
ljudi u svetu koji poseduju zemljište
ljudi u svetu koji poseduju zemljište
10:23
have a tenuous title to it?
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ima malo prava na njega?
Tako, ako imate malu farmu u Hondurasu,
neki diktator dođe na vlast
neki diktator dođe na vlast
10:25
So, you've got a little farm in Honduras,
some dictator comes to power,
some dictator comes to power,
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10:29
he says, "I know you've got a piece
of paper that says you own your farm,
of paper that says you own your farm,
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i kaže: „Znam da imaš papir
koji kaže da poseduješ svoju farmu,
koji kaže da poseduješ svoju farmu,
10:32
but the government computer
says my friend owns your farm."
says my friend owns your farm."
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ali vladin kompjuter kaže
da moj prijatelj poseduje tvoju farmu.“
da moj prijatelj poseduje tvoju farmu.“
10:36
This happened on a mass scale in Honduras,
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Ovo se dešavalo
u ogromnoj meri u Hondurasu,
u ogromnoj meri u Hondurasu,
10:39
and this problem exists everywhere.
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a taj problem postoji svuda.
10:42
Hernando de Soto, the great
Latin American economist,
Latin American economist,
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Hernando De Soto,
veliki latinoamerički ekonomista,
veliki latinoamerički ekonomista,
10:45
says this is the number one
issue in the world
issue in the world
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kaže da je ovo svetski problem broj jedan
u pogledu ekonomske pokretljivosti,
10:47
in terms of economic mobility,
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što je važnije od posedovanja
bankovnog računa,
bankovnog računa,
10:48
more important than having a bank account,
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2141
10:50
because if you don't have
a valid title to your land,
a valid title to your land,
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jer ako nemate
važeće pravo na svoju zemlju,
važeće pravo na svoju zemlju,
ne možete je založiti
10:53
you can't borrow against it,
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10:55
and you can't plan for the future.
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i ne možete praviti planove za budućnost.
10:57
So today, companies
are working with governments
are working with governments
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Zato kompanije danas sarađuju sa vladama
11:01
to put land titles on a blockchain.
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da bi postavile na blokčejn
pravo na zemljište.
pravo na zemljište.
11:03
And once it's there, this is immutable.
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Kada se nađe tamo, to je nepromenljivo.
11:06
You can't hack it.
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Ne možete ga hakovati.
11:08
This creates the conditions for prosperity
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Ovo stvara uslove za napredak
11:11
for potentially billions of people.
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za potencijalno milijarde ljudi.
11:14
Secondly:
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Drugo,
11:16
a lot of writers talk about Uber
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mnogi pisci govore o Uberu,
11:18
and Airbnb and TaskRabbit
and Lyft and so on
and Lyft and so on
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Er-bi-en-biju, Taskrabitu,
Liftu i tako dalje,
Liftu i tako dalje,
11:21
as part of the sharing economy.
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kao o delu ekonomije deljenja.
11:24
This is a very powerful idea,
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Ovo je veoma moćna ideja,
11:25
that peers can come together
and create and share wealth.
and create and share wealth.
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da se slični ljudi mogu okupiti,
stvoriti i podeliti bogatstvo.
stvoriti i podeliti bogatstvo.
11:29
My view is that ...
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Moje gledište je
11:31
these companies are not really sharing.
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da ove kompanije u stvari ne dele.
11:35
In fact, they're successful
precisely because they don't share.
precisely because they don't share.
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Zapravo, uspešne su
upravo zato što ne dele.
upravo zato što ne dele.
11:39
They aggregate services together,
and they sell them.
and they sell them.
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One udružuju usluge i prodaju ih.
11:43
What if, rather than Airbnb
being a $25 billion corporation,
being a $25 billion corporation,
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Šta bi bilo kada bi, umesto da Er-bi-en-bi
bude korporacija sa 25 milijardi dolara,
bude korporacija sa 25 milijardi dolara,
11:48
there was a distributed application
on a blockchain, we'll call it B-Airbnb,
on a blockchain, we'll call it B-Airbnb,
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postojala raspodeljena aplikacija
na blokčejnu, nazvaćemo je Bi-er-bi-en-bi,
na blokčejnu, nazvaćemo je Bi-er-bi-en-bi,
11:54
and it was essentially owned
by all of the people
by all of the people
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a nad kojom bi u suštini
imali vlasništvo svi ljudi
imali vlasništvo svi ljudi
11:58
who have a room to rent.
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koji imaju sobu za iznajmljivanje.
12:00
And when someone wants to rent a room,
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Kada neko želi da iznajmi sobu,
12:03
they go onto the blockchain
database and all the criteria,
database and all the criteria,
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odu na bazu podataka blokčejna
i prelista sve kriterijume,
i prelista sve kriterijume,
12:07
they sift through, it helps
them find the right room,
them find the right room,
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to im pomogne da nađu pravu sobu,
12:09
and then the blockchain helps
with the contracting,
with the contracting,
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a zatim im blokčejn pomogne
oko sklapanja ugovora,
oko sklapanja ugovora,
12:12
it identifies the party,
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identifikuje drugu stranu,
12:14
it handles the payments
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rukovodi uplatama
samo kroz digitalne uplate -
samo kroz digitalne uplate -
12:15
just through digital payments --
they're built into the system.
they're built into the system.
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ugrađene su u sistem.
12:19
And it even handles reputation,
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Čak se bavi i reputacijom,
12:20
because if she rates a room
as a five-star room,
as a five-star room,
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jer ako ona oceni sobu sa pet zvezdica,
12:24
that room is there,
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ta soba je tamo,
12:26
and it's rated, and it's immutable.
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ocenjena je i to je nepromenljivo.
12:29
So, the big sharing-economy
disruptors in Silicon Valley
disruptors in Silicon Valley
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Dakle, remetioci velike ekonomije deljenja
u Silicijumskoj dolini
u Silicijumskoj dolini
12:34
could be disrupted,
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bi se mogli poremetiti,
12:36
and this would be good for prosperity.
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a to bi bilo dobro za prosperitet.
12:38
Number three:
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Broj tri -
12:40
the biggest flow of funds
from the developed world
from the developed world
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najveći priliv sredstava
iz razvijenog sveta
iz razvijenog sveta
12:42
to the developing world
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ka zemljama u razvoju
12:44
is not corporate investment,
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nisu korporativna ulaganja,
12:46
and it's not even foreign aid.
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a to čak nije ni strana pomoć.
12:49
It's remittances.
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To su doznake iz inostranstva.
12:52
This is the global diaspora;
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U pitanju je globalna dijaspora;
12:54
people have left their ancestral lands,
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ljudi su napustili zemlju svojih predaka
12:56
and they're sending money back
to their families at home.
to their families at home.
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i šalju novac svojim porodicama kod kuće.
13:00
This is 600 billion dollars a year,
and it's growing,
and it's growing,
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To je 600 milijardi dolara godišnje
i u porastu je, a te ljude pelješe.
i u porastu je, a te ljude pelješe.
13:03
and these people are getting ripped off.
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13:06
AnnaLee Domingo is a housekeeper.
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Anali Domingo je kućna pomoćnica.
13:09
She lives in Toronto,
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1905
Živi u Torontu
13:11
and every month she goes
to the Western Union office
to the Western Union office
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i svakoga meseca odlazi
u poslovnicu Vestern Juniona
u poslovnicu Vestern Juniona
13:16
with some cash
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1539
sa nešto gotovine
13:18
to send her remittances
to her mom in Manila.
to her mom in Manila.
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da bi poslala doznake
svojoj mami u Manili.
svojoj mami u Manili.
13:21
It costs her around 10 percent;
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To je košta oko 10 posto;
potrebno je četiri do sedam dana
da novac tamo stigne;
da novac tamo stigne;
13:23
the money takes four to seven
days to get there;
days to get there;
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2240
13:26
her mom never knows
when it's going to arrive.
when it's going to arrive.
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njena mama nikada ne zna kada će stići.
Oduzima joj pet sati nedeljno da to uradi.
13:28
It takes five hours
out of her week to do this.
out of her week to do this.
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13:31
Six months ago,
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Pre šest meseci,
Anali Domingo je upotrebila
blokčejn aplikaciju zvanu Abra.
blokčejn aplikaciju zvanu Abra.
13:32
AnnaLee Domingo used
a blockchain application called Abra.
a blockchain application called Abra.
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13:37
And from her mobile device,
she sent 300 bucks.
she sent 300 bucks.
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Sa svog mobilnog telefona
je poslala 300 dolara.
je poslala 300 dolara.
13:40
It went directly
to her mom's mobile device
to her mom's mobile device
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Otišlo je direktno
na mobilni uređaj njene mame,
na mobilni uređaj njene mame,
13:42
without going through an intermediary.
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bez posrednika.
13:45
And then her mom
looked at her mobile device --
looked at her mobile device --
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Kada je njena mama
pogledala svoj mobilni -
pogledala svoj mobilni -
13:47
it's kind of like an Uber interface,
there's Abra "tellers" moving around.
there's Abra "tellers" moving around.
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poput Uberovog interfejsa je, tu su
Abrini „blagajnici“ koji se kreću okolo.
Abrini „blagajnici“ koji se kreću okolo.
13:51
She clicks on a teller
that's a five-star teller,
that's a five-star teller,
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Ona klikne na blagajnika
koji ima pet zvezdica,
koji ima pet zvezdica,
13:54
who's seven minutes away.
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a koji je udaljen samo sedam minuta.
Tip se pojavi na vratima,
da joj filipinske pezose
da joj filipinske pezose
13:56
The guy shows up at the door,
gives her Filipino pesos,
gives her Filipino pesos,
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13:59
she puts them in her wallet.
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i ona ih stavlja u novčanik.
Cela stvar je trajala nekoliko minuta
14:01
The whole thing took minutes,
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14:03
and it cost her two percent.
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i koštala ju je dva posto.
14:06
This is a big opportunity for prosperity.
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Ovo je velika prilika za prosperitet.
14:09
Number four: the most powerful asset
of the digital age is data.
of the digital age is data.
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Broj četiri - najmoćnija imovina
digitalnog doba su podaci.
digitalnog doba su podaci.
14:14
And data is really a new asset class,
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Podaci su zaista nova kategorija imovine,
14:17
maybe bigger than previous asset classes,
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možda veća od prethodnih kategorija,
14:20
like land under the agrarian economy,
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kao zemljište u agrarnoj privredi,
14:23
or an industrial plant,
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industrijski pogon,
14:24
or even money.
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ili čak novac.
14:26
And all of you -- we -- create this data.
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Svi vi, mi stvaramo te podatke.
14:29
We create this asset,
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Mi stvaramo tu imovinu
14:31
and we leave this trail
of digital crumbs behind us
of digital crumbs behind us
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i ostavljamo trag
digitalnih mrvica za sobom
digitalnih mrvica za sobom
14:34
as we go throughout life.
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dok se krećemo kroz život.
14:35
And these crumbs are collected
into a mirror image of you,
into a mirror image of you,
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Te mrvice se sakupljaju u vaš odraz,
14:38
the virtual you.
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vašu virtuelnu ličnost.
Vaša virtuelna ličnost može znati
više o vama nego što vi znate,
više o vama nego što vi znate,
14:40
And the virtual you may know
more about you than you do,
more about you than you do,
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jer se ne možete setiti
šta ste kupili ili rekli pre godinu dana,
šta ste kupili ili rekli pre godinu dana,
14:43
because you can't remember
what you bought a year ago,
what you bought a year ago,
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14:45
or said a year ago,
or your exact location a year ago.
or your exact location a year ago.
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niti koja je bila vaša tačna lokacija
pre godinu dana.
pre godinu dana.
14:48
And the virtual you is not owned by you --
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A vašu virtuelnu ličnost
ne posedujete vi;
ne posedujete vi;
14:51
that's the big problem.
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to je veliki problem.
14:53
So today, there are companies working
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Danas postoje kompanije koje rade
14:56
to create an identity in a black box,
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na tome da stvore
identitet u crnoj kutiji,
identitet u crnoj kutiji,
14:59
the virtual you owned by you.
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vašu virtuelnu ličnost koju vi posedujete.
15:01
And this black box moves around with you
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Ta crna kutija se kreće sa vama
15:05
as you travel throughout the world,
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893182
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dok putujete svetom
15:07
and it's very, very stingy.
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i veoma je škrta.
15:09
It only gives away
the shred of information
the shred of information
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Daje samo delić informacije
koji je neophodan da se nešto uradi.
15:12
that's required to do something.
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15:13
A lot of transactions,
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Pri većini transakcija,
15:15
the seller doesn't even need
to know who you are.
to know who you are.
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prodavac čak ni ne mora da zna ko ste.
15:17
They just need to know that they got paid.
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Samo treba da zna da je dobio uplatu.
15:20
And then this avatar
is sweeping up all of this data
is sweeping up all of this data
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Zatim avatar čisti sve te podatke
15:24
and enabling you to monetize it.
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i omogućava vam da ih unovčite.
15:28
And this is a wonderful thing,
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To je sjajna stvar
15:29
because it can also help us
protect our privacy,
protect our privacy,
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jer nam takođe može pomoći
da zaštitimo privatnost,
da zaštitimo privatnost,
15:33
and privacy is the foundation
of a free society.
of a free society.
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a privatnost je osnova slobodnog društva.
15:36
Let's get this asset that we create
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1966
Hajde da vratimo vrednosti koje stvaramo
15:38
back under our control,
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926914
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pod svoju kontrolu,
gde možemo imati vlasništvo
nad svojim identitetom
nad svojim identitetom
15:40
where we can own our own identity
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928715
2008
15:42
and manage it responsibly.
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930747
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i odgovorno upravljati njime.
15:45
Finally --
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Konačno -
15:46
(Applause)
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934998
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(Aplauz)
15:52
Finally, number five:
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940335
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Konačno, broj pet -
15:53
there are a whole number
of creators of content
of creators of content
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postoji znatan broj kreatora sadržaja
15:57
who don't receive fair compensation,
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koji ne dobijaju poštenu nadoknadu
15:59
because the system
for intellectual property is broken.
for intellectual property is broken.
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jer je uništen sistem
za intelektualnu svojinu.
za intelektualnu svojinu.
16:02
It was broken by the first era
of the internet.
of the internet.
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Uništilo ga je prvo doba interneta.
16:05
Take music.
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953624
1467
Uzmite muziku.
16:07
Musicians are left with crumbs
at the end of the whole food chain.
at the end of the whole food chain.
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955734
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Muzičarima ostaju mrvice
na kraju čitavog lanca ishrane.
na kraju čitavog lanca ishrane.
Znate, ako ste tekstopisac pre 25 godina
i napišete pesmu koja je hit,
i napišete pesmu koja je hit,
16:10
You know, if you were a songwriter,
25 years ago, you wrote a hit song,
25 years ago, you wrote a hit song,
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16:15
it got a million singles,
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dobije milion singlova,
16:18
you could get royalties
of around 45,000 dollars.
of around 45,000 dollars.
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mogli ste dobiti honorar
od oko 45 000 dolara.
od oko 45 000 dolara.
Danas, ako ste tekstopisac
i napišete pesmu koja je hit,
i napišete pesmu koja je hit,
16:21
Today, you're a songwriter,
you write a hit song,
you write a hit song,
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16:23
it gets a million streams,
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dobije milione preslušavanja,
16:25
you don't get 45k,
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ne dobijate 45 hiljada,
16:27
you get 36 dollars,
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dobijete 36 dolara,
16:29
enough to buy a nice pizza.
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977805
1947
dovoljno da kupite finu picu.
16:32
So Imogen Heap,
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Imodžen Hip,
16:34
the Grammy-winning singer-songwriter,
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982123
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pevačica i tekstopisac, dobitnica Gremija,
16:36
is now putting music
on a blockchain ecosystem.
on a blockchain ecosystem.
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sada postavlja muziku
u blokčejn ekosistem.
u blokčejn ekosistem.
16:40
She calls it "Mycelia."
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Naziva ga „Micelija“.
16:42
And the music has
a smart contract surrounding it.
a smart contract surrounding it.
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4106
Ta muzika ima pametan ugovor
kojim je obuhvaćena
kojim je obuhvaćena
16:46
And the music protects
her intellectual property rights.
her intellectual property rights.
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994529
3523
i ta muzika štiti njena prava
na intelektualnu svojinu.
na intelektualnu svojinu.
Želite da poslušate pesmu?
16:50
You want to listen to the song?
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Besplatno je,
16:51
It's free, or maybe a few micro-cents
that flow into a digital account.
that flow into a digital account.
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ili možda nekoliko mikrocenti
koji odlaze na digitalni račun.
koji odlaze na digitalni račun.
Ako želite da stavite pesmu
u svoj film, to je drugo,
u svoj film, to je drugo,
16:54
You want to put the song
in your movie, that's different,
in your movie, that's different,
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1002994
2698
i naznačena su prava
intelektualne svojine.
intelektualne svojine.
16:57
and the IP rights are all specified.
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1005716
1759
16:59
You want to make a ringtone?
That's different.
That's different.
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1007499
2263
Želite da napravite
melodiju za mobilni? To je drugačije.
melodiju za mobilni? To je drugačije.
17:02
She describes that the song
becomes a business.
becomes a business.
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Ona opisuje kako pesma postaje posao.
17:05
It's out there on this platform
marketing itself,
marketing itself,
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2809
Nalazi se na toj platformi
promovišući samu sebe,
promovišući samu sebe,
17:08
protecting the rights of the author,
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1016296
1967
štiteći prava autora,
17:10
and because the song has a payment system
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1018287
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a pošto pesma ima sistem uplate
u smislu bankovnog računa,
17:12
in the sense of bank account,
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1462
17:13
all the money flows back to the artist,
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1021952
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sav novac odlazi umetniku
17:16
and they control the industry,
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1024324
2235
i oni kontrolišu industriju
17:18
rather than these powerful intermediaries.
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1026583
2412
umesto tih moćnih posrednika.
17:21
Now, this is --
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1029757
1151
E, sad, ovo -
17:22
(Applause)
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1030932
4192
(Aplauz)
Ovo nije samo za tekstopisce,
već za bilo koje kreatore sadržaja,
već za bilo koje kreatore sadržaja,
17:27
This is not just songwriters,
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17:29
it's any creator of content,
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1037325
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17:30
like art,
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kao što je umetnost,
17:32
like inventions,
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1040339
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pronalasci,
17:34
scientific discoveries, journalists.
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1042831
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naučna otkrića, novinari.
17:37
There are all kinds of people
who don't get fair compensation,
who don't get fair compensation,
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1045816
3013
Postoje raznorazni ljudi
koji ne dobijaju pravičnu nadoknadu,
koji ne dobijaju pravičnu nadoknadu,
17:40
and with blockchains,
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a sa blokčejnom
17:42
they're going to be able
to make it rain on the blockchain.
to make it rain on the blockchain.
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1050347
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će biti u mogućnosti
da zatrpaju blokčejn novcem,
da zatrpaju blokčejn novcem,
17:46
And that's a wonderful thing.
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1054133
1658
a to je sjajna stvar.
17:48
So, these are five opportunities
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1056775
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Dakle, ovo je pet prilika
17:53
out of a dozen
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1061392
1274
od desetine
17:54
to solve one problem, prosperity,
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2301
da se reši jedan problem, prosperitet,
17:57
which is one of countless problems
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1065015
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a to je jedan od bezbroj problema
18:00
that blockchains are applicable to.
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1068087
2031
na koje se blokčejnovi mogu primeniti.
18:03
Now, technology doesn't create
prosperity, of course -- people do.
prosperity, of course -- people do.
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1071036
3955
Naravno, tehnologija
ne stvara prosperitet, već ljudi.
ne stvara prosperitet, već ljudi.
18:07
But my case to you is that, once again,
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1075507
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No, ono što vam predočavam
je da je, još jednom,
je da je, još jednom,
18:11
the technology genie
has escaped from the bottle,
has escaped from the bottle,
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1079905
3437
duh tehnologije pobegao iz boce
18:15
and it was summoned
by an unknown person or persons
by an unknown person or persons
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3212
i prizvala ga je nepoznata osoba ili osobe
18:18
at this uncertain time in human history,
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1086602
2725
u ovo nesigurno vreme ljudske istorije,
18:22
and it's giving us
another kick at the can,
another kick at the can,
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1090216
3271
a pruža nam drugi pokušaj,
18:25
another opportunity to rewrite
the economic power grid
the economic power grid
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1093511
5117
drugu priliku da iznova ispišemo
mrežu ekonomske moći
mrežu ekonomske moći
18:30
and the old order of things,
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1098652
1724
i stari poredak stvari,
18:32
and solve some of the world's most
difficult problems,
difficult problems,
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4396
kao i da rešimo neke
od najtežih problema sveta,
od najtežih problema sveta,
18:37
if we will it.
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ako budemo voljni za to.
18:39
Thank you.
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Hvala.
18:41
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Don Tapscott - Digital strategistDon Tapscott, Executive Chairman of the Blockchain Research Institute, is one of the world’s leading authorities on the impact of technology in business and society. He has authored 16 books, including "Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything," which has been translated into over 25 languages
Why you should listen
A leading analyst of innovation and the impacts of technology, Don Tapscott has authored or co-authored 15 widely read books about various aspects of the reshaping of our society and economy. His work Wikinomics counts among the most influential business books of the last decade. His new book The Blockchain Revolution, co-authored with his son, Alex, discusses the blockchain, the distributed-database technology that's being deployed well beyond its original application as the public ledger behind Bitcoin. In the book, they analyze why blockchain technology will fundamentally change the internet -- how it works, how to use it and its promises and perils.
Tapscott is an adjunct professor of management at the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto, a Senior Advisor at the World Economic Forum and an Associate of the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University.
Don Tapscott | Speaker | TED.com