TED2011
John Hunter: Teaching with the World Peace Game
约翰·亨特谈世界和平游戏
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
1,558,983 views
约翰·亨特把所有世界问题浓缩在一块四英尺乘五英尺的板子上，让他四年级的学生来解决这些问题。在2011 年的TED 大会上，他解释如何让他的学生参与世界和平游戏，以及为何复杂、自发性的思考和解决问题，比传统的讲课更深入。
John Hunter - Educator
Teacher and musician John Hunter is the inventor of the World Peace Game (and the star of the documentary "World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements"). Full bio
Teacher and musician John Hunter is the inventor of the World Peace Game (and the star of the documentary "World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements"). Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm very fortunate to be here.
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很荣幸我能来到这里
00:17
I feel so fortunate.
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我感到很荣幸
00:19
I've been so impressed by the kindness expressed to me.
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人们的友善几乎让我印象深刻
00:23
I called my wife Leslie,
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我打电话给我太太雷思里
00:25
and I said, "You know, there's so many good people
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我说，“你知道吗，这里有好多好人
00:27
trying to do so much good.
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要一起做好多好事
00:29
It feels like I've landed in a colony of angels."
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我感觉我仿佛落到了一群天使之中。 ”
00:33
It's a true feeling.
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我真的这样感觉
00:36
But let me get to the talk -- I see the clock is running.
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但让我开始吧 -- 时钟开始跑了
00:39
I'm a public school teacher,
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我是个公立学校的老师
00:42
and I just want to share a story of my superintendent.
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我想要和你们分享我的主管的故事
00:45
Her name is Pam Moran
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她的名字是潘·莫然
00:47
in Albemarle County, Virginia,
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住在维吉尼亚州
00:49
the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
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蓝岭山脉中的的山麓小丘上
00:51
And she's a very high-tech superintendent.
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她是个很高科技的主管
00:53
She uses smart boards, she blogs,
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她用智慧型黑板，她写博客
00:55
she Tweets, she does Facebook,
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她用Twitter，上Facebook，
00:57
she does all this sort of high-tech stuff.
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所有高科技的东西她都有做
00:59
She's a technology leader and instructional leader.
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她是技术领导者和教学领导者
01:02
But in her office,
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但在她的办公室里
01:04
there's this old wooden, weather-worn table, kitchen table --
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有一张历经沧桑的旧木头桌子，餐桌 --
01:08
peeling green paint, it's kind of rickety.
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上面的油漆都掉了，还摇摇晃晃的
01:11
And I said, "Pam, you're such a modern, cutting-edge person.
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我说“潘，你是个这么摩登、这么先进的人
01:15
Why is this old table in your office?"
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你的办公室里怎么放了一张这么老的桌子？ ”
01:17
And she told me, she said,
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她对我说
01:19
"You know, I grew up in Southwestern Virginia,
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“我在维吉尼亚西南部的煤矿
01:22
in the coal mines and the farmlands of rural Virginia,
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还有维吉尼亚乡下的农场长大
01:25
and this table was in my grandfather's kitchen.
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这张桌子原本在我爷爷的厨房
01:29
And we'd come in from playing, he'd come in from plowing and working,
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我们都在那里玩，他工作完以后会加入我们
01:32
and we'd sit around that table every night.
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我们每个晚上围绕着那张桌子
01:34
And as I grew up, I heard so much knowledge
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在我的成长过程中，我在那张桌上
01:37
and so many insights and so much wisdom
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学到许多知识、智慧
01:39
come out around this table,
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洞悉人世
01:41
I began to call it the wisdom table.
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我开始叫它智慧桌
01:44
And when he passed on, I took this table with me and brought it to my office,
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当他离开人世，我把这张桌子带进我办公室
01:47
and it reminds me of him.
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它让我想起他
01:49
It reminds me of what goes on around an empty space sometimes."
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它提醒我那些空白空间里都发生了些什么”
01:54
The project I'm going to tell you about
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我今天所要介绍的这个计划
01:56
is called the World Peace Game,
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叫世界和平游戏
01:58
and essentially it is also an empty space.
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本质上，它也是个空白的空间
02:00
And I'd like to think of it
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我喜欢把它想做是
02:02
as a 21st century wisdom table, really.
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21世纪的智慧桌
02:06
It all started back in 1977.
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这一切都从77年开始
02:10
I was a young man,
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当时我很年轻
02:13
and I had been dropping in and out of college.
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在大学里进进出出
02:20
And my parents were very patient,
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我的父母很有耐心
02:23
but I had been doing intermittent sojourns to India
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我在印度断断续续地逗留
02:25
on a mystical quest.
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一个神秘的旅程
02:27
And I remember the last time I came back from India --
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我记得最后一次我从印度回来
02:29
in my long white flowing robes
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穿着我飘飘然的白长衫
02:31
and my big beard and my John Lennon glasses --
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大胡子和约翰蓝侬式的眼镜
02:34
and I said to my father,
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我告诉我父亲
02:36
"Dad, I think I've just about found spiritual enlightenment."
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“爸，我想我就快得道了“
02:38
He said, "Well there's one more thing you need to find."
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他说”除了得道你还需要得到另一个东西“
02:41
I said, "What is that, dad?" "A job."
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我说”是什么？“ ”工作“
02:44
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:47
And so they pleaded with me to get a degree in something.
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于是他们请求我完成某个大学学位
02:50
So I got a degree
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于是我毕业了
02:52
and it turned out to be education.
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读的是教育
02:54
It was an experimental education program.
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那是个实验性的教育课程
02:56
It could have been dentistry, but the word "experimental" was in it,
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我也可以读牙医，但“实验性”这几个字
02:58
and so that's what I had to go for.
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让我选择了它
03:01
And I went in for a job interview
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我去维吉尼亚州的
03:04
in the Richmond Public Schools in Virginia, the capital city,
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列治文公立小学面试
03:07
bought a three-piece suit -- my concession to convention --
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穿着我的三件式西装－ 作为我对现实的让步
03:10
kept my long beard and my afro
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但保留了我的大胡子和爆炸头
03:12
and my platform shoes -- at the time it was the '70s --
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和我的厚底鞋 － 那是70年代
03:15
and I walked in, and I sat down and had an interview.
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我走进去，我坐下，接受面试
03:18
And I guess they were hard up for teachers
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我想他们很缺老师
03:20
because the supervisor, her name was Anna Aro,
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当时的主管，她叫安尔若
03:22
said I had the job teaching gifted children.
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她说我可以去教特殊教育
03:26
And I was so shocked, so stunned,
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我大吃一惊
03:28
I got up and said, "Well, thank you, but what do I do?"
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站起来说“好的，谢谢你，但我该怎么做？”
03:31
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:34
Gifted education hadn't really taken hold too much.
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当时并没有什么有关特殊教育的教材
03:36
There weren't really many materials or things to use.
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特殊教育才刚起步
03:39
And I said, "What do I do?"
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我说“我该怎么做？”
03:41
And her answer shocked me. It stunned me.
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她的回答令我大吃一惊
03:44
Her answer set the template
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她的回答为之后我的整个事业
03:46
for the entire career I was to have after that.
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设定了方向。
03:50
She said, "What do you want to do?"
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她说“你想怎么做？”
03:55
And that question cleared the space.
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这个问题让我有很大空间
03:57
There was no program directive, no manual to follow,
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当时的特殊教育没有教材方向，没有教学手册
04:00
no standards in gifted education
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也没有任何标准
04:03
in that way.
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就这样
04:05
And she cleared such a space
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她提供了很大的空间
04:07
that I endeavored from then on
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就像我一直努力
04:09
to clear a space for my students, an empty space,
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为我学生所做的一样，给他们空间
04:12
whereby they could create and make meaning
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让他们用自己的理解力
04:14
out of their own understanding.
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创造意义
04:18
So this happened in 1978,
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这发生在1978年
04:21
and I was teaching many years later,
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多年后我仍然在教书
04:24
and a friend of mine introduced me to a young filmmaker.
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一个朋友介绍我认识一个电影人
04:27
His name is Chris Farina.
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他的名字是克里斯法林那
04:29
Chris Farina is here today at his own cost.
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他今天自费来到这里
04:31
Chris, could you stand up and let them see you --
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克里斯，你可以站起来让大家看看你吗
04:33
a young, visionary filmmaker who's made a film.
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一个年轻的，有远见的电影工作者拍了这部电影
04:36
(Applause)
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（掌声）
04:40
This film is called "World Peace and Other 4th Grade Achievements."
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电影的名字叫”世界和平和其它四年级生的成就“
04:43
He proposed the film to me -- it's a great title.
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他向我提出拍摄计划 － 很棒的名字
04:46
He proposed the film to me,
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他向我提出拍摄计划
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and I said, "Yeah, maybe it'll be on local TV,
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我说”嗯，说不定可以上当地的地方台
04:50
and we can say hi to our friends."
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我们能向我们的朋友打个招呼。 “
04:52
But the film has really gone places.
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但这电影远远超过我的想像
04:54
Now it's still in debt, but Chris has managed, through his own sacrifice,
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虽然仍然在亏损，但克里斯做出许多牺牲
04:57
to get this film out.
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尝试让更多人看到
04:59
So we made a film
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我们拍了这一部电影
05:01
and it turns out to be more than a story about me,
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不只是有关我
05:04
more than a story about one teacher.
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身为一个老师的故事
05:06
It's a story that's a testament to teaching and teachers.
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这是有关教学的成功见证和其它老师
05:10
And it's a beautiful thing.
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非常美好
05:12
And the strange thing is, when I watch the film --
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奇怪的是，当我看电影的时候
05:15
I have the eerie sensation of seeing it --
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有一种很奇怪的感觉
05:18
I saw myself literally disappear.
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我仿佛看到自己消失了
05:21
What I saw
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我在自己身上看到
05:23
was my teachers coming through me.
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我的老师们的身影
05:27
I saw my geometry teacher in high school, Mr. Rucell's
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我看到高中的几何老师，鲁瑟先生
05:31
wry smile under his handlebar mustache.
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在他的小胡子下微笑
05:34
That's the smile I use -- that's his smile.
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我的微笑 － 就是他的微笑
05:37
I saw Jan Polo's flashing eyes.
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我看到珍保罗发亮的双眼
05:40
And they weren't flashing in anger,
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它们不是因为愤怒而发亮
05:42
they were flashing in love, intense love for her students.
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而是因为深刻的，对学生的爱而发亮
05:45
And I have that kind of flash sometimes.
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我有时也会这样
05:48
And I saw Miss Ethel J. Banks
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我看见班克小姐
05:51
who wore pearls and high-heels to elementary school every day.
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每天戴着珍珠穿着高跟鞋到小学
05:55
And you know, she had that old-school teacher stare.
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你知道那种老派的老师
05:59
You know the one.
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都这样看你
06:01
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:04
"And I'm not even talking about you behind me,
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”我可不是在讲你，我背后的那位仁兄
06:06
because I've got eyes in the back of my head."
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因为我背后长着眼。 “
06:08
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:11
You know that teacher?
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你认识他吗？
06:13
I didn't use that stare very often,
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我很少用到这个眼神
06:15
but I do have it in my repertoire.
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但我要的话是可以的
06:18
And Miss Banks was there as a great mentor for me.
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班克小姐是我的良师益友
06:21
And then I saw
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然后我看到
06:23
my own parents, my first teachers.
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我自己的父母，我的第一个老师
06:26
My father, very inventive, spatial thinker.
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我爸爸，一个非常有创造性的思想家
06:29
That's my brother Malcolm there on the right.
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坐在右边的是我兄弟马尔康
06:32
And my mother,
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还有我妈
06:34
who taught me in fourth grade
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我在维吉尼亚上种族分隔学校时
06:36
in segregated schools in Virginia,
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的四年级导师
06:38
who was my inspiration.
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我的灵感来源
06:41
And really, I feel as though,
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真的，在我看电影的时候
06:43
when I see the film --
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我感觉到
06:45
I have a gesture she does, like this --
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我有和她一样的姿态，像这样
06:48
I feel like I am a continuation of her gesture.
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我觉得我延续了这个姿态
06:52
I am one of her teaching gestures.
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我是她教学姿态的一部分
06:54
And the beautiful thing was,
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美妙的是
06:56
I got to teach my daughter in elementary school, Madeline.
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我在小学里教到我自己的女儿玛德莲
06:59
And so that gesture of my mother's
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于是我母亲的这个姿态
07:01
continues through many generations.
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会持续好多代
07:03
It's an amazing feeling
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那种传承的感觉
07:05
to have that lineage.
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真的好棒
07:07
And so I'm here standing on the shoulders of many people.
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于是我在这里，站在这么多人的肩膀上
07:09
I'm not here alone.
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这里不只有我一人
07:11
There are many people on this stage right now.
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台上有许多人和我在一起
07:15
And so this World Peace Game I'd like to tell you about.
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我想和你们谈谈的这个世界和平游戏
07:19
It started out like this:
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是这样开始的：
07:21
it's just a four-foot by five-foot plywood board
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它本来只是1978年在都市贫民区的一张
07:24
in an inner-city urban school, 1978.
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四英尺乘五英尺的板子
07:27
I was creating a lesson for students on Africa.
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我正在为学生准备一个有关非洲的教材
07:29
We put all the problems of the world there,
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我们把世界上所有问题放在板子上
07:31
and I thought, let's let them solve it.
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我想，让他们解决这些问题吧
07:33
I didn't want to lecture or have just book reading.
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我不想只是讲课或是朗读
07:36
I wanted to have them be immersed
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我想要他们学会
07:38
and learn the feeling of learning through their bodies.
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全心全意的投入学习
07:42
So I thought, well they like to play games.
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我想，嗯他们喜欢玩游戏
07:44
I'll make something -- I didn't say interactive;
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我可以 － 我不是说互动
07:46
we didn't have that term in 1978 --
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1978年根本还没有这个字
07:48
but something interactive.
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但一些可以让他们互动的游戏
07:50
And so we made the game,
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于是我们做了这个游戏
07:52
and it has since evolved
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从那时候开始
07:54
to a four-foot by four-foot by four-foot
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它慢慢演变成四英尺立方
07:57
Plexiglass structure.
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的耐热玻璃结构
08:00
And it has four Plexiglass layers.
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里面有四层
08:03
There's an outer space layer
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外太空是一层
08:05
with black holes and satellites
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里头有黑洞和卫星
08:07
and research satellites and asteroid mining.
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研究卫星和行星研究
08:09
There's an air and space level
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再来是大气层
08:11
with clouds that are big puffs of cotton we push around
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被我们推来推去的这些蓬蓬棉花球是云朵
08:13
and territorial air spaces and air forces,
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有不同国家的领空和空军
08:15
a ground and sea level with thousands of game pieces on it --
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还有平底和海平面，上面有几千种不同游戏块
08:18
even an undersea level
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还有海底世界
08:20
with submarines and undersea mining.
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有潜水艇和深海矿区
08:22
There are four countries around the board.
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板子上面有四个国家
08:24
The kids make up the names of the countries -- some are rich; some are poor.
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孩子们可以为自己的国家取名字－ 有些富有有些贫穷
08:27
They have different assets, commercial and military.
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他们有不同的资产，商业或军师上的
08:30
And each country has a cabinet.
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每个国家都有个内阁
08:32
There's a Prime Minister, Secretary of State, Minister of Defense
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有总理，国务卿，国防部长
08:34
and a CFO, or Comptroller.
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和财政部长
08:37
I choose the Prime Minister based on my relationship with them.
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我依照我和他们的关系选择总理
08:40
I offer them the job, they can turn it down,
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我提出邀请，他们可以拒绝
08:42
and then they choose their own cabinet.
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然后他们可以自己选择内阁
08:44
There's a World Bank, arms dealers and a United Nations.
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里头有世界银行、军火商和联合国
08:47
There's also a weather goddess
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还有天气女神
08:49
who controls a random stock market and random weather.
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她控制阴晴不定的股票市场和天气
08:52
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:54
That's not all.
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这还不是全部
08:56
And then there's a 13-page crisis document
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里头有13页的危机文件
08:58
with 50 interlocking problems.
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还有50个连锁问题
09:00
So that, if one thing changes, everything else changes.
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如果一件事改变了，其它事也会跟着变
09:03
I throw them into this complex matrix,
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我把他们扔进这个复杂的世界
09:06
and they trust me because we have a deep, rich relationship together.
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他们信任我，因为我们和他们关系很好
09:11
And so with all these crises,
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这些危机
09:13
we have -- let's see -- ethnic and minority tensions;
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像是 -- 民族和少数民族的冲突
09:16
we have chemical and nuclear spills,
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化学和核子外泄
09:18
nuclear proliferation.
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核子武器的增产扩散
09:20
There's oil spills, environmental disasters,
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石油外泄，环境灾害
09:23
water rights disputes, breakaway republics,
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海域纷争，政体分裂
09:26
famine, endangered species and global warming.
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饥荒，动物绝种和温室效应
09:28
If Al Gore is here,
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如果高尔在这
09:30
I'm going to send my fourth-graders from Agnor-Hurt and Venable schools to you
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我会派出我两个小学的四年级学生
09:33
because they solved global warming in a week.
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因为他们可以在一个礼拜内解决全球变暖问题
09:36
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
09:38
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:41
And they've done it several times too.
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而且他们已经解决好几次了
09:44
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
09:46
So I also have in the game a saboteur --
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游戏里还有个破坏家
09:49
some child -- it's basically a troublemaker --
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基本上就是个捣蛋鬼
09:52
and I have my troublemaker put to use
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这个麻烦制造者
09:55
because they, on the surface,
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表面上看起来
09:57
are trying to save the world and their position in the game.
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是要在游戏里拯救世界和自己的权利
09:59
But they're also trying to undermine everything in the game.
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但事实上他们是要暗中破坏游戏中的所有一切
10:03
And they do it secretly through misinformation
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他们散发错误情报
10:05
and ambiguities and irrelevancies,
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含混不清，和毫无关联的事物
10:07
trying to cause everyone to think more deeply.
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让游戏中的每个人仔细思考
10:09
The saboteur is there,
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那就是游戏中的破坏家
10:11
and we also read from Sun Tzu's "The Art of War."
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我们也读孙子兵法
10:13
Fourth-graders understand it -- nine years old --
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四年级，9岁的孩子可以理解
10:16
and they handle that and use that
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可以学习如何灵活应用
10:18
to understand how to, not follow --
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刚开始他们只是照着做
10:20
at first they do --
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刚开始他们
10:22
the paths to power and destruction,
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走上争权夺利和毁灭性的
10:24
the path to war.
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战争之道
10:26
They learn to overlook short-sighted reactions
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然后慢慢学会不要短视近利
10:28
and impulsive thinking,
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不要因冲动做出决定
10:30
to think in a long-term, more consequential way.
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以长期的利弊来检视，思考可能的后果
10:34
Stewart Brand is here, and one of the ideas for this game came from him
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在我们之中的Stewart Brand，其中的一个想法从他而来
10:37
with a CoEvolution Quarterly article
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从他在共通演化季刊里的
10:39
on a peace force.
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谈论的和平组织而来
10:41
And in the game, sometimes students actually form a peace force.
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在这个游戏里，有时候学生们会组成一个和平小组
10:44
I'm just a clock watcher.
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我只负责算时间
10:47
I'm just a clarifier. I'm just a facilitator.
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解释问题，促进游戏进行顺利
10:49
The students run the game.
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学生们控制游戏里的所有细节
10:51
I have no chance to make any policy whatsoever
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一旦游戏开始
10:53
once they start playing.
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我没有机会可以制定任何政策
10:55
So I'll just share with you ...
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我在这里和你分享 －
10:58
(Video) Boy: The World Peace Game is serious.
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（视频）男孩：世界和平游戏是很严肃的
11:00
You're actually getting taught something like how to take care of the world.
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在其中你可以学习如何解决世界问题
11:03
See, Mr. Hunter is doing that
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亨特老师说
11:05
because he says his time has messed up a lot,
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他这么做是因为他的时代做错很多事情
11:07
and he's trying to tell us
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他想要告诉我们
11:09
how to fix that problem.
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如何解决这些问题
11:11
John Hunter: I offered them a --
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约翰·亨特：我给他们一个
11:13
(Applause)
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（掌声）
11:16
Actually, I can't tell them anything because I don't know the answer.
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事实上，我没办法告诉他们任何事，因为我也没有答案
11:19
And I admit the truth to them right up front: I don't know.
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我一开始就告诉他们事实：我不知道
11:22
And because I don't know, they've got to dig up the answer.
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正因为我不知道，他们必须自己找出解答
11:25
And so I apologize to them as well.
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于是我向他们道歉
11:27
I say, "I'm so sorry, boys and girls,
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我说“小朋友们，我很抱歉
11:30
but the truth is
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事实是
11:32
we have left this world to you in such a sad and terrible shape,
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我们把世界交给你的时候，它是这么混乱
11:35
and we hope you can fix it for us,
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我们希望你可以帮助我们解决问题
11:37
and maybe this game will help you learn how to do it."
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说不定这个游戏可以教你们如何解决。 ”
11:39
It's a sincere apology,
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这是个很诚恳的道歉
11:41
and they take it very seriously.
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他们非常认真地接受了
11:43
Now you may be wondering what all this complexity looks like.
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现在你可能会想看看这个复杂的游戏看起来是什么样子
11:46
Well when we have the game start, here's what you see.
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游戏开始的时候，它是这个样子
11:49
(Video) JH: All right, we're going into negotiations as of now. Go.
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（视频）好的，我们现在开始谈判，开始
11:52
(Chatter)
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（讨论声）
12:00
JH: My question to you is, who's in charge of that classroom?
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约翰·亨特:我想问你们，谁在带领这个教室
12:04
It's a serious question: who is really in charge?
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我很认真的问：是谁在带头？
12:07
I've learned to cede control of the classroom
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这么久以来，我总算学会
12:09
over to the students over time.
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把课堂还给学生
12:11
There's a trust and an understanding
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这里头的信任，理解
12:13
and a dedication to an ideal
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和对理想的投入
12:15
that I simply don't have to do
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让我根本不用
12:17
what I thought I had to do as a beginning teacher:
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做那些我刚开始做老师时所以为我该做的
12:19
control every conversation and response in the classroom.
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控制课堂里的的每个讨论和回应
12:22
It's impossible. Their collective wisdom
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这是不可能的
12:24
is much greater than mine,
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他们的集体智慧远远超过我
12:26
and I admit it to them openly.
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我直接向他们承认这点
12:29
So I'll just share with you some stories very quickly
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我现在很快地和你们分享一些故事
12:32
of some magical things that have happened.
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一些神奇的事
12:35
In this game we had a little girl,
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在游戏里有个小女孩
12:38
and she was the Defense Minister of the poorest nation.
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她是穷国的国防部长
12:41
And the Defense Minister -- she had the tank corps and Air Force and so forth.
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身为国防部长－ 她握有坦克队、空军等等
12:45
And she was next door to a very wealthy, oil-rich neighbor.
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她的国家在一个非常富有的、充满石油的国家旁边
12:48
Without provocation,
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在无人发起的状况下
12:50
suddenly she attacked, against her Prime Minister's orders,
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她突然违反总理的命令
12:53
the next-door neighbor's oil fields.
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突击邻国的油田
12:55
She marched into the oil field reserves,
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她把坦克开进对方的油田
12:57
surrounded it, without firing a shot,
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围绕它，却不射击
12:59
and secured it and held it.
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只是占领并掩护它
13:01
And that neighbor was unable to conduct any military operations
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邻国无法做出任何反击
13:03
because their fuel supply was locked up.
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因为他们的油田被封住了
13:06
We were all upset with her, "Why are you doing this?
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我们都很生气，对她说“你干嘛这样？
13:08
This is the World Peace Game. What is wrong with you?"
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这可是世界和平游戏哎，你有什么问题啊？ “
13:10
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
13:12
This was a little girl and, at nine years old,
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这个小女孩，只有九岁
13:14
she held her pieces and said, "I know what I'm doing."
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她只是握着她的棋子，对她的朋友说
13:17
To her girlfriends she said that.
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”我知道我自己在做什么“
13:20
That's a breach there.
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于是产生了冲突
13:22
And we learned in this, you don't really ever want to cross
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于是我们学到，绝对不要惹火
13:24
a nine year-old girl with tanks.
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一个拥有坦克的九岁小女孩
13:26
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
13:28
They are the toughest opponents.
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她们是竞争激烈的对手
13:31
And we were very upset.
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我们都很愤怒
13:33
I thought I was failing as a teacher. Why would she do this?
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我想这是我身为教师的失败：她为什么会这么做？
13:36
But come to find out, a few game days later --
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但随着游戏发展，我逐渐发现原因
13:38
and there are turns where we take negotiation from a team --
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每个队伍都有谈判的时候
13:42
actually there's a negotiation period with all teams,
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所有队伍都有一个谈判时间
13:45
and each team takes a turn,
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每一组轮流
13:47
then we go back in negotiation, around and around,
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我们回到谈判桌，一轮又一轮
13:49
so each turn around is one game day.
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一轮就是一天份的游戏
13:51
So a few game days later it came to light
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几轮谈判以后总算真相大白
13:54
that we found out this major country
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我们发现这个大国
13:56
was planning a military offensive
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正在计划一个大型军事行动
13:58
to dominate the entire world.
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要征服整个世界
14:01
Had they had their fuel supplies, they would have done it.
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如果它们握有石油，就可以达成计划
14:03
She was able to see the vectors and trend lines and intentions
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她比我们先看到这个这个趋势
14:06
long before any of us
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对方的意图
14:08
and understand what was going to happen
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理解即将发生的事态
14:10
and made a philosophical decision
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做出一个哲学性的决定
14:12
to attack in a peace game.
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在和平游戏里攻击。
14:15
Now she used a small war to avert a larger war,
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她用一个小的战争来避免一个大的战争
14:18
so we stopped and had a very good philosophical discussion
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于是我们暂停游戏，一起参与这个哲学讨论
14:20
about whether that was right,
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讨论这究竟是对的
14:22
conditional good, or not right.
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在某些状况下是好的，或是错的
14:25
That's the kind of thinking that we put them in, the situations.
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这就是我们在这种状况下所思考的
14:28
I could not have designed that in teaching it.
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我无法设计出这种教材
14:30
It came about spontaneously through their collective wisdom.
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这必须出自自发，出自他们自己的集体智慧
14:33
(Applause)
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（掌声）
14:39
Another example, a beautiful thing happened.
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另外一件美好的事发生了
14:41
We have a letter in the game.
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游戏里有一封信
14:43
If you're a military commander and you wage troops --
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你是个将军，你增兵
14:45
the little plastic toys on the board -- and you lose them,
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板子上的一块塑胶玩具－ 然后你失去了它
14:48
I put in a letter.
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我放在信里
14:50
You have to write a letter to their parents --
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你必须写一封信给他们的家长
14:53
the fictional parents of your fictional troops --
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你那虚构士兵的虚构家长
14:55
explaining what happened and offering your condolences.
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解释事情发生的经过，并献上悼词
14:58
So you have a little bit more thought
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于是在你准备开战的时候
15:00
before you commit to combat.
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你会三思而行
15:03
And so we had this situation come up --
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我们遇见这个状况
15:05
last summer actually,
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上一个夏天
15:07
at Agnor-Hurt School in Albemarle County --
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在 Albemarle 区的 Agnor-Hurt 小学
15:10
and one of our military commanders got up to read that letter
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其中一个将军起来朗诵这封信
15:13
and one of the other kids said, "Mr. Hunter,
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另外一个学生起来说“亨特先生
15:15
let's ask -- there's a parent over there."
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那里有个家长”
15:17
There was a parent visiting that day, just sitting in the back of the room.
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那天是家长访问学校的日子，他们都坐在教室后面
15:19
"Let's ask that mom to read the letter.
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“我们让那个妈妈来读这封信，
15:21
It'll be more realer if she reads it."
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她读会更有真实感。 ”
15:23
So we did, we asked her, and she gamely picked up the letter.
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于是我们问了她，她很配合地拿起信
15:26
"Sure." She started reading. She read one sentence.
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“好的。”她开始读，她读了一句
15:29
She read two sentences.
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两句
15:32
By the third sentence, she was in tears.
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到了第三句，她泪眼盈框
15:35
I was in tears.
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我也流泪了
15:38
Everybody understood
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在场的每个人都懂了
15:40
that when we lose somebody, the winners are not gloating.
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当有人失去性命，胜利的一方并没有什么好得意的
15:43
We all lose.
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我们都是输家
15:46
And it was an amazing occurrence and an amazing understanding.
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这件事的发生和众人的理解都很神奇
15:48
I'll show you what my friend David says about this.
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你们可以看看我朋友大卫怎么说
15:50
He's been in many battles.
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他经历许多战役
15:52
(Video) David: We've really had enough of people attacking.
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（影片）大卫：我们真的受够了攻击
15:54
I mean, we've been lucky [most of] the time.
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虽然大部分时候我们都很幸运
15:58
But now I'm feeling really weird
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但现在我感觉很怪
16:00
because I'm living what Sun Tzu said one week.
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我现在正经历孙子说的
16:04
One week he said,
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他说
16:06
"Those who go into battle and win
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“那些投身战争并胜利的人
16:08
will want to go back,
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会想回到战场上
16:10
and those who lose in battle
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那些战役的输家
16:12
will want to go back and win."
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会想再回去获得胜利。 ”
16:15
And so I've been winning battles,
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我在许多战役中获得胜利
16:17
so I'm going into battles, more battles.
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于是我一次又一次加入他们
16:20
And I think it's sort of weird to be living
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我的感觉，很奇异的
16:22
what Sun Tzu said.
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就像孙子所描述的
16:26
JH: I get chills every time I see that.
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每次我看那个影片，我就打冷颤
16:29
That's the kind of engagement you want to have happen.
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这就是你想要的投入程度
16:32
And I can't design that, I can't plan that,
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是我所不能计划或设计出来的
16:35
and I can't even test that.
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我甚至不能试验
16:37
But it's self-evident assessment.
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但结果很明确
16:39
We know that's an authentic assessment of learning.
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我们都知道有一些教育成果是不言而喻的
16:44
We have a lot of data, but I think sometimes we go beyond data
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我们有很多数据，但我认为有时我们应该用真实的例子
16:47
with the real truth of what's going on.
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超越这些数据
16:50
So I'll just share a third story.
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让我分享第三个故事
16:53
This is about my friend Brennan.
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和我朋友贝南有关
16:56
We had played the game one session after school
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有一天我们在下课后玩游戏
16:59
for many weeks, about seven weeks,
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几个礼拜，似乎是七个礼拜
17:02
and we had essentially solved all 50 of the interlocking crises.
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我们基本上解决了50个连锁危机
17:05
The way the game is won is all 50 problems have to be solved
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赢得游戏的方法就是把50个问题全解决
17:08
and every country's asset value
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而且每个国家的资产
17:10
has to be increased above its starting point.
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都要比游戏开始时更多
17:12
Some are poor, some are wealthy. There are billions.
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有些贫穷，有些富有。有好几亿。
17:15
The World Bank president was a third-grader one time.
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有一次，世界银行总裁是个三年级的学生
17:17
He says, "How many zeros in a trillion? I've got to calculate that right away."
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他说“兆里面有几个零？我需要把这个算对。”
17:20
But he was setting fiscal policy in that game
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他在为其它高中玩家
17:22
for high school players who were playing with him.
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设立财政政策
17:25
So the team that was the poorest
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于是穷国
17:28
had gotten even poorer.
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变得更穷
17:30
There was no way they could win.
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他们是不可能赢的
17:32
And we were approaching four o'clock, our cut-off time --
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我们越来越接近下午四点的期限
17:34
there was about a minute left --
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只剩下一分钟
17:36
and despair just settled over the room.
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绝望充满了整个课堂
17:38
I thought, I'm failing as a teacher.
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我想，身为教师，我失败了
17:40
I should have gotten it so they could have won.
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我应该想办法让他们赢的
17:43
They shouldn't be failing like this.
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他们不应该这样就失败了
17:46
I've failed them.
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我让他们失望了
17:49
And I was just feeling so sad and dejected.
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正在我感觉失望和沮丧时
17:51
And suddenly, Brennan walked over to my chair
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贝南走到我身边来
17:53
and he grabbed the bell, the bell I ring
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他拿走我手上的响钟
17:55
to signal a change or a reconvening of cabinets,
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原本是用在内阁重组的时候
17:57
and he ran back to his seat, rang the bell.
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他跑回座位，打响它
17:59
Everybody ran to his chair: there was screaming;
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每个人都跑到他座位那里，闹成一团
18:01
there was yelling, waving of their dossiers.
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叫着，挥舞着他们的档案
18:03
They get these dossiers full of secret documents.
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这些档案里充满秘密文件
18:05
They were gesticulating; they were running around.
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他们打着手势，满教室乱跑
18:07
I didn't know what they were doing. I'd lost control of my classroom.
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我不知道他们在做什么，整个教室失控了
18:11
Principal walks in, I'm out of a job.
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要是校长在那时候走进来，我就失业了
18:14
The parents were looking in the window.
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家长从窗子外看進来
18:16
And Brennan runs back to his seat. Everybody runs back to their seat.
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贝南跑回他的座位，每个人都回到原座
18:19
He rings the bell again. He says, "We have" --
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他重新敲响钟。他说 －
18:21
and there's 12 seconds left on the clock --
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那时还剩下12秒
18:23
"we have, all nations, pooled all our funds together.
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“我们集合了所有国家的所有资金
18:26
And we've got 600 billion dollars.
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我们有600亿
18:28
We're going to offer it as a donation to this poor country.
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我们要把这些捐给穷国
18:30
And if they accept it, it'll raise their asset value and we can win the game.
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如果他们接受，他们就可以提升资本，我们就赢得了游戏
18:33
Will you accept it?"
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你们接受吗？
18:35
And there are three seconds left on the clock.
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那时只剩下三秒
18:37
Everybody looks at this prime minister of that country,
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每个人都盯着那个国家的总理
18:40
and he says, "Yes."
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他回答“好的。”
18:42
And the game is won.
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于是大家赢得游戏
18:45
Spontaneous compassion
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自发的仁爱
18:48
that could not be planned for,
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不能计划的
18:50
that was unexpected and unpredictable.
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无法想像预测的
18:53
Every game we play is different.
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每次的游戏都不同
18:55
Some games are more about social issues,
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某些游戏有关社会议题
18:57
some are more about economic issues.
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某些有关经济议题
18:59
Some games are more about warfare.
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有些有关战争
19:01
But I don't try to deny them that reality of being human.
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但我从不剥夺他们身为人的真实状态
19:04
I allow them to go there
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我让他们去探索
19:06
and, through their own experience, learn, in a bloodless way,
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以一种不流血的方式，自己去经历
19:10
how not to do what they consider to be the wrong thing.
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如何不去做那些自己认为错误的事
19:13
And they find out what is right
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让他们找到什么是对的
19:15
their own way, their own selves.
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用他们自己的方法，自己找
19:18
And so in this game,
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在这个游戏里
19:20
I've learned so much from it,
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我学了很多
19:22
but I would say
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我必须说
19:24
that if only
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倘若
19:27
they could pick up a critical thinking tool
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他们可以从游戏里
19:29
or creative thinking tool
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找到批判性思考
19:31
from this game
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和创意思考的方式
19:33
and leverage something good for the world,
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把那变成真正可以解决世界问题的方法
19:37
they may save us all.
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来拯救我们所有人
19:40
If only.
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如果。
19:43
And on behalf of all of my teachers
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感谢我所有的老师
19:45
on whose shoulders I'm standing,
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他们的经验传承
19:47
thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
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谢谢，谢谢，谢谢
19:50
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Hunter - EducatorTeacher and musician John Hunter is the inventor of the World Peace Game (and the star of the documentary "World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements").
Why you should listen
Musician, teacher, filmmaker and game designer, John Hunter has dedicated his life to helping children realize their full potential. His own life story is one of a never-ending quest for harmony. As a student, he studied comparative religions and philosophy while traveling through Japan, China and India. In India, inspired by Ghandi's philosophy, he began to think about the role of the schoolteacher in creating a more peaceful world.
As his online biography says: "Accepting the reality of violence, he would seek to incorporate ways to explore harmony in various situations. This exploration would take form in the framework of a game – something that students would enjoy. Within the game data space, they would be challenged, while enhancing collaborative and communication skills."
In 1978, at the Richmond Community High School, Hunter led the first sessions of his World Peace Game, a hands-on political simulation. The game has now been played around the world, on a four-tiered board. It's the subject of the new film World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements.
Read John Hunter's note to the community following the publication of his TEDTalk >>
John Hunter | Speaker | TED.com