TED2011
John Hunter: Teaching with the World Peace Game
John Hunter 談世界和平遊戲
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
1,558,983 views
John Hunter 把所有世界問題濃縮在一塊四乘五的板子上，讓他四年級的學生來解決這些問題。在 2011 年的 TED 大會上，他解釋如何讓他的學生參與世界和平遊戲，以及為何複雜、自發性的思考和解決問題，比傳統的講課更深入。
John Hunter - Educator
Teacher and musician John Hunter is the inventor of the World Peace Game (and the star of the documentary "World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements"). Full bio
Teacher and musician John Hunter is the inventor of the World Peace Game (and the star of the documentary "World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements"). Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm very fortunate to be here.
0
0
2000
能來到這裡
00:17
I feel so fortunate.
1
2000
2000
我感覺很榮幸
00:19
I've been so impressed by the kindness expressed to me.
2
4000
4000
人們的友善幾乎讓我有些訝異
00:23
I called my wife Leslie,
3
8000
2000
我打電話給我太太雷思里
00:25
and I said, "You know, there's so many good people
4
10000
2000
我說“你知道嗎，這裡有好多好人
00:27
trying to do so much good.
5
12000
2000
要一起做好多好事
00:29
It feels like I've landed in a colony of angels."
6
14000
4000
我感覺我彷彿落到了一群天使之中。”
00:33
It's a true feeling.
7
18000
3000
我真的這樣感覺
00:36
But let me get to the talk -- I see the clock is running.
8
21000
3000
但讓我開始吧 － 時鐘開始跑了
00:39
I'm a public school teacher,
9
24000
3000
我是個公立學校的老師
00:42
and I just want to share a story of my superintendent.
10
27000
3000
我想要和你們分享我的主管的故事
00:45
Her name is Pam Moran
11
30000
2000
她的名字是潘莫然
00:47
in Albemarle County, Virginia,
12
32000
2000
住在維吉尼亞州
00:49
the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
13
34000
2000
藍色背脊山上的山麓小丘
00:51
And she's a very high-tech superintendent.
14
36000
2000
她是個非常高科技的主管
00:53
She uses smart boards, she blogs,
15
38000
2000
她用互動式點子板，她寫部落格
00:55
she Tweets, she does Facebook,
16
40000
2000
她用推特，臉書
00:57
she does all this sort of high-tech stuff.
17
42000
2000
所有高科技的東西她都有
00:59
She's a technology leader and instructional leader.
18
44000
3000
她在科技和指導方面都非常先進
01:02
But in her office,
19
47000
2000
但在她的辦公室裡
01:04
there's this old wooden, weather-worn table, kitchen table --
20
49000
4000
有一張風塵僕僕的老木頭餐桌
01:08
peeling green paint, it's kind of rickety.
21
53000
3000
上面的油漆都掉了，還搖搖晃晃的
01:11
And I said, "Pam, you're such a modern, cutting-edge person.
22
56000
4000
我說“潘，你是個這麼摩登、這麼先進的人
01:15
Why is this old table in your office?"
23
60000
2000
你的辦公室裡怎麼放了一張這麼老的桌子？”
01:17
And she told me, she said,
24
62000
2000
她說
01:19
"You know, I grew up in Southwestern Virginia,
25
64000
3000
“我在維吉尼亞西南部的煤礦
01:22
in the coal mines and the farmlands of rural Virginia,
26
67000
3000
還有維吉尼亞鄉下的農場長大
01:25
and this table was in my grandfather's kitchen.
27
70000
4000
這張桌子原本在我爺爺的廚房
01:29
And we'd come in from playing, he'd come in from plowing and working,
28
74000
3000
我們都在那裡玩，他工作完以後會加入我們
01:32
and we'd sit around that table every night.
29
77000
2000
我們每個晚上圍繞著那張桌子
01:34
And as I grew up, I heard so much knowledge
30
79000
3000
在我的成長過程中，我在那張桌上
01:37
and so many insights and so much wisdom
31
82000
2000
學到許多知識、智慧
01:39
come out around this table,
32
84000
2000
洞悉人世
01:41
I began to call it the wisdom table.
33
86000
3000
我開始叫它智慧桌
01:44
And when he passed on, I took this table with me and brought it to my office,
34
89000
3000
當他離開人世，我把這張桌子帶進我辦公室
01:47
and it reminds me of him.
35
92000
2000
它讓我想起他
01:49
It reminds me of what goes on around an empty space sometimes."
36
94000
5000
它提醒我那些空白空間裡都發生了些甚麼”
01:54
The project I'm going to tell you about
37
99000
2000
我今天所要介紹的這個計劃
01:56
is called the World Peace Game,
38
101000
2000
叫世界和平遊戲
01:58
and essentially it is also an empty space.
39
103000
2000
本質上，它也是個空白的空間
02:00
And I'd like to think of it
40
105000
2000
我喜歡把它想做是
02:02
as a 21st century wisdom table, really.
41
107000
4000
21世紀的智慧桌
02:06
It all started back in 1977.
42
111000
4000
這一切都從1977年開始
02:10
I was a young man,
43
115000
3000
當時我很年輕
02:13
and I had been dropping in and out of college.
44
118000
7000
在大學裡中輟，進進出出
02:20
And my parents were very patient,
45
125000
3000
我的父母很有耐心
02:23
but I had been doing intermittent sojourns to India
46
128000
2000
我在印度斷斷續續地逗留
02:25
on a mystical quest.
47
130000
2000
一個神祕的旅程
02:27
And I remember the last time I came back from India --
48
132000
2000
我記得最後一次我從印度回來
02:29
in my long white flowing robes
49
134000
2000
穿著我飄飄然的白長衫
02:31
and my big beard and my John Lennon glasses --
50
136000
3000
大鬍子和約翰藍儂式的眼鏡
02:34
and I said to my father,
51
139000
2000
我告訴我父親
02:36
"Dad, I think I've just about found spiritual enlightenment."
52
141000
2000
"爸，我想我就快得道了"
02:38
He said, "Well there's one more thing you need to find."
53
143000
3000
他說"除了得道你還需要得到另一個東西"
02:41
I said, "What is that, dad?" "A job."
54
146000
3000
我說"是什麼？" "工作"
02:44
(Laughter)
55
149000
3000
（笑聲）
02:47
And so they pleaded with me to get a degree in something.
56
152000
3000
於是他們請求我完成某個大學學位
02:50
So I got a degree
57
155000
2000
於是我畢業了
02:52
and it turned out to be education.
58
157000
2000
讀的是教育
02:54
It was an experimental education program.
59
159000
2000
那是個實驗性的教育課程
02:56
It could have been dentistry, but the word "experimental" was in it,
60
161000
2000
我也可以讀牙醫，但“實驗性”這幾個字
02:58
and so that's what I had to go for.
61
163000
3000
讓我選擇了它
03:01
And I went in for a job interview
62
166000
3000
我去維吉尼亞州的
03:04
in the Richmond Public Schools in Virginia, the capital city,
63
169000
3000
列治文公立小學面試
03:07
bought a three-piece suit -- my concession to convention --
64
172000
3000
穿著我的三件式西裝 － 作為我對現實的讓步
03:10
kept my long beard and my afro
65
175000
2000
但保留了我的大鬍子和爆炸頭
03:12
and my platform shoes -- at the time it was the '70s --
66
177000
3000
和我的厚底鞋 － 那是70年代
03:15
and I walked in, and I sat down and had an interview.
67
180000
3000
我走進去，我坐下，接受面試
03:18
And I guess they were hard up for teachers
68
183000
2000
我想他們很缺老師
03:20
because the supervisor, her name was Anna Aro,
69
185000
2000
當時的主管，她叫安爾若
03:22
said I had the job teaching gifted children.
70
187000
3000
她說我可以去教特殊教育
03:26
And I was so shocked, so stunned,
71
191000
2000
我大吃一驚
03:28
I got up and said, "Well, thank you, but what do I do?"
72
193000
3000
站起來說，"嗯謝謝，但我要做什麽啊?"
03:31
(Laughter)
73
196000
3000
（笑聲）
03:34
Gifted education hadn't really taken hold too much.
74
199000
2000
當時並沒有什麼有關特殊教育的教材
03:36
There weren't really many materials or things to use.
75
201000
3000
特殊教育才剛起步
03:39
And I said, "What do I do?"
76
204000
2000
我說“我該怎麼做？”
03:41
And her answer shocked me. It stunned me.
77
206000
3000
她的回答令我大吃一驚
03:44
Her answer set the template
78
209000
2000
她的回答成為我整個事業
03:46
for the entire career I was to have after that.
79
211000
3000
的模板
03:50
She said, "What do you want to do?"
80
215000
4000
她說“你想怎麼做？”
03:55
And that question cleared the space.
81
220000
2000
這個問題讓我有很大空間
03:57
There was no program directive, no manual to follow,
82
222000
3000
當時的特殊教育沒有教材方向，沒有教學手冊
04:00
no standards in gifted education
83
225000
3000
也沒有任何標準
04:03
in that way.
84
228000
2000
就這樣
04:05
And she cleared such a space
85
230000
2000
她提供了很大的空間
04:07
that I endeavored from then on
86
232000
2000
就像我一直努力
04:09
to clear a space for my students, an empty space,
87
234000
3000
為我學生所做的一樣，給他們空間
04:12
whereby they could create and make meaning
88
237000
2000
讓他們用自己的理解力
04:14
out of their own understanding.
89
239000
3000
創造意義
04:18
So this happened in 1978,
90
243000
3000
這發生在1978年
04:21
and I was teaching many years later,
91
246000
3000
多年後我仍然在教書
04:24
and a friend of mine introduced me to a young filmmaker.
92
249000
3000
一個朋友介紹我認識一個電影人
04:27
His name is Chris Farina.
93
252000
2000
他的名字是克里斯法林那
04:29
Chris Farina is here today at his own cost.
94
254000
2000
他今天自費來到這裡
04:31
Chris, could you stand up and let them see you --
95
256000
2000
克里斯，你可以站起來讓大家看看你嗎
04:33
a young, visionary filmmaker who's made a film.
96
258000
3000
一個年輕的，有遠見的電影工作人拍了這部電影
04:36
(Applause)
97
261000
4000
（掌聲）
04:40
This film is called "World Peace and Other 4th Grade Achievements."
98
265000
3000
電影的名字叫"世界和平和其它四年級生的成就"
04:43
He proposed the film to me -- it's a great title.
99
268000
3000
他向我提出拍攝計劃 － 很棒的名字
04:46
He proposed the film to me,
100
271000
2000
他向我提出拍攝計劃
04:48
and I said, "Yeah, maybe it'll be on local TV,
101
273000
2000
我說"嗯說不定可以上當地的地方台
04:50
and we can say hi to our friends."
102
275000
2000
讓我們和朋友揮揮手什麼的。"
04:52
But the film has really gone places.
103
277000
2000
但這電影一炮而紅
04:54
Now it's still in debt, but Chris has managed, through his own sacrifice,
104
279000
3000
雖然仍然在虧損，但克里斯做出許多犧牲
04:57
to get this film out.
105
282000
2000
嘗試讓更多人看到
04:59
So we made a film
106
284000
2000
我們拍了這一部電影
05:01
and it turns out to be more than a story about me,
107
286000
3000
不只是有關我
05:04
more than a story about one teacher.
108
289000
2000
身為一個老師的故事
05:06
It's a story that's a testament to teaching and teachers.
109
291000
4000
這是有關教學的成功見證和其它老師
05:10
And it's a beautiful thing.
110
295000
2000
非常美好
05:12
And the strange thing is, when I watch the film --
111
297000
3000
奇怪的是，當我看電影的時候
05:15
I have the eerie sensation of seeing it --
112
300000
3000
有一種很奇怪的感覺
05:18
I saw myself literally disappear.
113
303000
3000
我彷彿看到自己消失了
05:21
What I saw
114
306000
2000
我在自己身上看到
05:23
was my teachers coming through me.
115
308000
4000
我的老師們的身影
05:27
I saw my geometry teacher in high school, Mr. Rucell's
116
312000
4000
我看到高中的幾何老師，魯瑟先生
05:31
wry smile under his handlebar mustache.
117
316000
3000
在他的小鬍子下微笑
05:34
That's the smile I use -- that's his smile.
118
319000
3000
我的微笑 － 就是他的微笑
05:37
I saw Jan Polo's flashing eyes.
119
322000
3000
我看到珍保羅發亮的雙眼
05:40
And they weren't flashing in anger,
120
325000
2000
它們不是因為憤怒而發亮
05:42
they were flashing in love, intense love for her students.
121
327000
3000
而是因為深刻的，對學生的愛而發亮
05:45
And I have that kind of flash sometimes.
122
330000
3000
我有時也會這樣
05:48
And I saw Miss Ethel J. Banks
123
333000
3000
我看見班克小姐
05:51
who wore pearls and high-heels to elementary school every day.
124
336000
4000
每天戴著珍珠穿著高跟鞋到小學
05:55
And you know, she had that old-school teacher stare.
125
340000
4000
你知道那種老派的老師
05:59
You know the one.
126
344000
2000
都這樣看你
06:01
(Laughter)
127
346000
3000
（笑聲）
06:04
"And I'm not even talking about you behind me,
128
349000
2000
"我可不是在講你，我背後的那位仁兄
06:06
because I've got eyes in the back of my head."
129
351000
2000
因為我背後長著眼。"
06:08
(Laughter)
130
353000
3000
（笑聲）
06:11
You know that teacher?
131
356000
2000
你認識他嗎？
06:13
I didn't use that stare very often,
132
358000
2000
我很少用到這個眼神
06:15
but I do have it in my repertoire.
133
360000
3000
但我要的話是可以的
06:18
And Miss Banks was there as a great mentor for me.
134
363000
3000
班克小姐是我的良師益友
06:21
And then I saw
135
366000
2000
然後我看到
06:23
my own parents, my first teachers.
136
368000
3000
我自己的父母，我的第一個老師
06:26
My father, very inventive, spatial thinker.
137
371000
3000
我爸爸，一個非常有創造性的思想家
06:29
That's my brother Malcolm there on the right.
138
374000
3000
坐在右邊的是我兄弟馬爾康
06:32
And my mother,
139
377000
2000
還有我媽
06:34
who taught me in fourth grade
140
379000
2000
我在維吉尼亞上種族分隔學校時
06:36
in segregated schools in Virginia,
141
381000
2000
的四年級導師
06:38
who was my inspiration.
142
383000
3000
我的靈感來源
06:41
And really, I feel as though,
143
386000
2000
真的，在我看電影的時候
06:43
when I see the film --
144
388000
2000
我感覺到
06:45
I have a gesture she does, like this --
145
390000
3000
我有和她一樣的姿態，像這樣
06:48
I feel like I am a continuation of her gesture.
146
393000
4000
我覺得我延續了這個姿態
06:52
I am one of her teaching gestures.
147
397000
2000
我是她教學姿態的一部分
06:54
And the beautiful thing was,
148
399000
2000
美妙的是
06:56
I got to teach my daughter in elementary school, Madeline.
149
401000
3000
我在小學裡教到我自己的女兒瑪德蓮
06:59
And so that gesture of my mother's
150
404000
2000
於是我母親的這個姿態
07:01
continues through many generations.
151
406000
2000
會持續好多代
07:03
It's an amazing feeling
152
408000
2000
那種傳承的感覺
07:05
to have that lineage.
153
410000
2000
真的好棒
07:07
And so I'm here standing on the shoulders of many people.
154
412000
2000
於是我在這裡，站在這麼多人的肩膀上
07:09
I'm not here alone.
155
414000
2000
我並不孤單
07:11
There are many people on this stage right now.
156
416000
3000
台上有許多人和我在一起
07:15
And so this World Peace Game I'd like to tell you about.
157
420000
4000
我想和你們談談的這個世界和平遊戲
07:19
It started out like this:
158
424000
2000
是這樣開始的：
07:21
it's just a four-foot by five-foot plywood board
159
426000
3000
它本來只是1978年在都市貧民區的一張
07:24
in an inner-city urban school, 1978.
160
429000
3000
四英尺乘五英尺的板子
07:27
I was creating a lesson for students on Africa.
161
432000
2000
我正在為學生準備一個有關非洲的教材
07:29
We put all the problems of the world there,
162
434000
2000
我們把世界上所有問題放在板子上
07:31
and I thought, let's let them solve it.
163
436000
2000
我想，讓他們解決這些問題吧
07:33
I didn't want to lecture or have just book reading.
164
438000
3000
我不想只是講課或是朗讀
07:36
I wanted to have them be immersed
165
441000
2000
我想要他們學會
07:38
and learn the feeling of learning through their bodies.
166
443000
4000
全心全意地投入學習
07:42
So I thought, well they like to play games.
167
447000
2000
我想，嗯他們喜歡玩遊戲
07:44
I'll make something -- I didn't say interactive;
168
449000
2000
我可以 － 我不是說互動
07:46
we didn't have that term in 1978 --
169
451000
2000
1978年根本還沒有這個字
07:48
but something interactive.
170
453000
2000
但一些可以讓他們互動的遊戲
07:50
And so we made the game,
171
455000
2000
於是我們做了這個遊戲
07:52
and it has since evolved
172
457000
2000
從那時候開始
07:54
to a four-foot by four-foot by four-foot
173
459000
3000
它慢慢演變成四英尺立方
07:57
Plexiglass structure.
174
462000
3000
的耐熱玻璃結構
08:00
And it has four Plexiglass layers.
175
465000
3000
裡面有四層
08:03
There's an outer space layer
176
468000
2000
外太空是一層
08:05
with black holes and satellites
177
470000
2000
裡頭有黑洞和衛星
08:07
and research satellites and asteroid mining.
178
472000
2000
研究衛星和行星研究
08:09
There's an air and space level
179
474000
2000
再來是大氣層
08:11
with clouds that are big puffs of cotton we push around
180
476000
2000
被我們推來推去的這些蓬蓬棉花球是雲朵
08:13
and territorial air spaces and air forces,
181
478000
2000
有不同國家的領空和空軍
08:15
a ground and sea level with thousands of game pieces on it --
182
480000
3000
還有平底和海平面，上面有幾千種不同遊戲塊
08:18
even an undersea level
183
483000
2000
還有海底世界
08:20
with submarines and undersea mining.
184
485000
2000
有潛水艇和深海礦區
08:22
There are four countries around the board.
185
487000
2000
板子上面有四個國家
08:24
The kids make up the names of the countries -- some are rich; some are poor.
186
489000
3000
孩子們可以為自己的國家取名字 － 有些富有有些貧窮
08:27
They have different assets, commercial and military.
187
492000
3000
他們有不同的資產，商業或軍師上的
08:30
And each country has a cabinet.
188
495000
2000
每個國家都有個內閣
08:32
There's a Prime Minister, Secretary of State, Minister of Defense
189
497000
2000
有總理，國務卿，國防部長
08:34
and a CFO, or Comptroller.
190
499000
3000
和財政部長
08:37
I choose the Prime Minister based on my relationship with them.
191
502000
3000
我依照我和他們的關係選擇總理
08:40
I offer them the job, they can turn it down,
192
505000
2000
我提出邀請，他們可以拒絕
08:42
and then they choose their own cabinet.
193
507000
2000
然後他們可以自己選擇內閣
08:44
There's a World Bank, arms dealers and a United Nations.
194
509000
3000
裡頭有世界銀行、軍火商和聯合國
08:47
There's also a weather goddess
195
512000
2000
還有天氣女神
08:49
who controls a random stock market and random weather.
196
514000
3000
她控制陰晴不定的股票市場和天氣
08:52
(Laughter)
197
517000
2000
（笑聲）
08:54
That's not all.
198
519000
2000
這還不是全部
08:56
And then there's a 13-page crisis document
199
521000
2000
裡頭有13頁的危機文件
08:58
with 50 interlocking problems.
200
523000
2000
還有50個連鎖問題
09:00
So that, if one thing changes, everything else changes.
201
525000
3000
如果一件事改變了，其它事也會跟著變
09:03
I throw them into this complex matrix,
202
528000
3000
我把他們扔進這個複雜的世界
09:06
and they trust me because we have a deep, rich relationship together.
203
531000
4000
他們信任我，因為我們和他們關係很好
09:11
And so with all these crises,
204
536000
2000
這些危機
09:13
we have -- let's see -- ethnic and minority tensions;
205
538000
3000
像是 － 民族和少數民族的衝突
09:16
we have chemical and nuclear spills,
206
541000
2000
化學和核子外洩
09:18
nuclear proliferation.
207
543000
2000
核子武器的增產擴散
09:20
There's oil spills, environmental disasters,
208
545000
3000
石油外泄，環境災害
09:23
water rights disputes, breakaway republics,
209
548000
3000
領海紛爭，政體分裂
09:26
famine, endangered species and global warming.
210
551000
2000
飢荒，動物絕種和溫室效應
09:28
If Al Gore is here,
211
553000
2000
如果高爾在這
09:30
I'm going to send my fourth-graders from Agnor-Hurt and Venable schools to you
212
555000
3000
我會派出我兩個小學的四年級學生
09:33
because they solved global warming in a week.
213
558000
3000
因為他們可以在一個禮拜內解決暖化問題
09:36
(Laughter)
214
561000
2000
（笑聲）
09:38
(Applause)
215
563000
3000
（掌聲）
09:41
And they've done it several times too.
216
566000
3000
而且他們已經解決好幾次了
09:44
(Laughter)
217
569000
2000
（笑聲）
09:46
So I also have in the game a saboteur --
218
571000
3000
遊戲裡還有個破壞家
09:49
some child -- it's basically a troublemaker --
219
574000
3000
基本上就是個搗蛋鬼
09:52
and I have my troublemaker put to use
220
577000
3000
這個麻煩製造者
09:55
because they, on the surface,
221
580000
2000
表面上看起來
09:57
are trying to save the world and their position in the game.
222
582000
2000
是要在遊戲裡拯救世界和自己的權利
09:59
But they're also trying to undermine everything in the game.
223
584000
3000
但事實上他們是要暗中破壞遊戲中的所有一切
10:03
And they do it secretly through misinformation
224
588000
2000
他們用散發錯誤情報
10:05
and ambiguities and irrelevancies,
225
590000
2000
曖昧不明，和毫無關聯的事物
10:07
trying to cause everyone to think more deeply.
226
592000
2000
讓遊戲中的每個人仔細思考
10:09
The saboteur is there,
227
594000
2000
破壞家在那
10:11
and we also read from Sun Tzu's "The Art of War."
228
596000
2000
我們也讀孫子兵法
10:13
Fourth-graders understand it -- nine years old --
229
598000
3000
四年級，9歲的孩子可以理解
10:16
and they handle that and use that
230
601000
2000
可以學習如何靈活應用
10:18
to understand how to, not follow --
231
603000
2000
剛開始他們只是照著做
10:20
at first they do --
232
605000
2000
剛開始他們
10:22
the paths to power and destruction,
233
607000
2000
走上爭權奪利和毀滅性的
10:24
the path to war.
234
609000
2000
戰爭之道
10:26
They learn to overlook short-sighted reactions
235
611000
2000
然後慢慢學會不要短視近利
10:28
and impulsive thinking,
236
613000
2000
不要因衝動做出決定
10:30
to think in a long-term, more consequential way.
237
615000
4000
以長期的利弊來檢視，思考可能的後果
10:34
Stewart Brand is here, and one of the ideas for this game came from him
238
619000
3000
在我們之中的 Stewart Brand，其中的一個想法從他而來
10:37
with a CoEvolution Quarterly article
239
622000
2000
從他在《共同進化季刊》裡的
10:39
on a peace force.
240
624000
2000
談論的和平組織而來
10:41
And in the game, sometimes students actually form a peace force.
241
626000
3000
在這個遊戲裡，有時候學生們會組成一個和平小組
10:44
I'm just a clock watcher.
242
629000
3000
我只負責算時間
10:47
I'm just a clarifier. I'm just a facilitator.
243
632000
2000
解釋問題，促進遊戲進行順利
10:49
The students run the game.
244
634000
2000
學生們控制遊戲裡的所有細節
10:51
I have no chance to make any policy whatsoever
245
636000
2000
一旦他們開始玩
10:53
once they start playing.
246
638000
2000
我沒有機會可以制定任何政策
10:55
So I'll just share with you ...
247
640000
3000
我在這裡和你分享 －
10:58
(Video) Boy: The World Peace Game is serious.
248
643000
2000
（影片）男孩：世界和平遊戲是很嚴肅的
11:00
You're actually getting taught something like how to take care of the world.
249
645000
3000
在其中你可以學習如何解決世界問題
11:03
See, Mr. Hunter is doing that
250
648000
2000
Hunter 老師說
11:05
because he says his time has messed up a lot,
251
650000
2000
他這麼做是因為他的時代做錯很多事情
11:07
and he's trying to tell us
252
652000
2000
他想要告訴我們
11:09
how to fix that problem.
253
654000
2000
如何解決這些問題
11:11
John Hunter: I offered them a --
254
656000
2000
John Hunter：我給他們一個 －
11:13
(Applause)
255
658000
3000
（掌聲）
11:16
Actually, I can't tell them anything because I don't know the answer.
256
661000
3000
事實上，我沒辦法告訴他們任何事，因為我也沒有答案
11:19
And I admit the truth to them right up front: I don't know.
257
664000
3000
我一開始就告訴他們事實：我不知道
11:22
And because I don't know, they've got to dig up the answer.
258
667000
3000
正因為我不知道，他們必須自己找出解答
11:25
And so I apologize to them as well.
259
670000
2000
於是我向他們道歉
11:27
I say, "I'm so sorry, boys and girls,
260
672000
3000
我說“小朋友們，我很抱歉
11:30
but the truth is
261
675000
2000
事實是
11:32
we have left this world to you in such a sad and terrible shape,
262
677000
3000
我們把世界交給你的時候，它是這麼混亂
11:35
and we hope you can fix it for us,
263
680000
2000
我們希望你可以幫助我們解決問題
11:37
and maybe this game will help you learn how to do it."
264
682000
2000
說不定這個遊戲可以教你們如何解決。”
11:39
It's a sincere apology,
265
684000
2000
這是個很誠懇的道歉
11:41
and they take it very seriously.
266
686000
2000
他們非常認真地接受了
11:43
Now you may be wondering what all this complexity looks like.
267
688000
3000
現在你可能會想看看這個複雜的遊戲看起來是甚麼樣子
11:46
Well when we have the game start, here's what you see.
268
691000
3000
遊戲開始的時候，它是這個樣子
11:49
(Video) JH: All right, we're going into negotiations as of now. Go.
269
694000
3000
（影片）好的，我們現在開始談判，開始
11:52
(Chatter)
270
697000
7000
（討論聲）
12:00
JH: My question to you is, who's in charge of that classroom?
271
705000
3000
JH:我想問你們，誰在帶領這個教室
12:04
It's a serious question: who is really in charge?
272
709000
3000
我很認真的問：是誰在帶頭？
12:07
I've learned to cede control of the classroom
273
712000
2000
這麼久以來，我總算學會
12:09
over to the students over time.
274
714000
2000
把課堂還給學生
12:11
There's a trust and an understanding
275
716000
2000
這裡頭的信任，理解
12:13
and a dedication to an ideal
276
718000
2000
和對理想的投入
12:15
that I simply don't have to do
277
720000
2000
讓我根本不用
12:17
what I thought I had to do as a beginning teacher:
278
722000
2000
做那些我剛開始做老師時所以為我該做的
12:19
control every conversation and response in the classroom.
279
724000
3000
控制課堂裡的的每個討論和回應
12:22
It's impossible. Their collective wisdom
280
727000
2000
這是不可能的
12:24
is much greater than mine,
281
729000
2000
他們的集體智慧遠遠超過我
12:26
and I admit it to them openly.
282
731000
3000
我直接向他們承認這點
12:29
So I'll just share with you some stories very quickly
283
734000
3000
我現在很快地和你們分享一些故事
12:32
of some magical things that have happened.
284
737000
3000
一些神奇的事
12:35
In this game we had a little girl,
285
740000
3000
在遊戲裡有個小女孩
12:38
and she was the Defense Minister of the poorest nation.
286
743000
3000
她是窮國的國防部長
12:41
And the Defense Minister -- she had the tank corps and Air Force and so forth.
287
746000
4000
身為國防部長 － 她握有坦克隊、空軍等等
12:45
And she was next door to a very wealthy, oil-rich neighbor.
288
750000
3000
她的國家在一個非常富有的、充滿石油的國家旁邊
12:48
Without provocation,
289
753000
2000
在毫無挑釁的狀況下
12:50
suddenly she attacked, against her Prime Minister's orders,
290
755000
3000
她突然違反總理的命令
12:53
the next-door neighbor's oil fields.
291
758000
2000
突擊鄰國的油田
12:55
She marched into the oil field reserves,
292
760000
2000
她把坦克開進對方的油田
12:57
surrounded it, without firing a shot,
293
762000
2000
圍繞它，卻不射擊
12:59
and secured it and held it.
294
764000
2000
只是佔領並掩護它
13:01
And that neighbor was unable to conduct any military operations
295
766000
2000
鄰國無法做出任何反擊
13:03
because their fuel supply was locked up.
296
768000
3000
因為他們的油田被封住了
13:06
We were all upset with her, "Why are you doing this?
297
771000
2000
我們都很生氣，對她說“你幹嘛這樣？
13:08
This is the World Peace Game. What is wrong with you?"
298
773000
2000
這可是世界和平遊戲哎，你有什麼問題啊？“
13:10
(Laughter)
299
775000
2000
（笑聲）
13:12
This was a little girl and, at nine years old,
300
777000
2000
這個小女孩，只有九歲
13:14
she held her pieces and said, "I know what I'm doing."
301
779000
3000
她只是握著她的棋子，對她的朋友說
13:17
To her girlfriends she said that.
302
782000
3000
"我知道我自己在做什麼"
13:20
That's a breach there.
303
785000
2000
於是產生了衝突
13:22
And we learned in this, you don't really ever want to cross
304
787000
2000
於是我們學到，絕對不要惹火
13:24
a nine year-old girl with tanks.
305
789000
2000
一個擁有坦克的九歲小女孩
13:26
(Laughter)
306
791000
2000
（笑聲）
13:28
They are the toughest opponents.
307
793000
3000
她們是競爭激烈的對手
13:31
And we were very upset.
308
796000
2000
我們都很憤怒
13:33
I thought I was failing as a teacher. Why would she do this?
309
798000
3000
我想這是我身為教師的失敗：她為什麼會這麼做？
13:36
But come to find out, a few game days later --
310
801000
2000
但幾天後，我逐漸發現
13:38
and there are turns where we take negotiation from a team --
311
803000
4000
每個隊伍都有談判的時候
13:42
actually there's a negotiation period with all teams,
312
807000
3000
所有隊伍都有一個談判時間
13:45
and each team takes a turn,
313
810000
2000
每一組輪流
13:47
then we go back in negotiation, around and around,
314
812000
2000
我們回到談判桌，一次又一次
13:49
so each turn around is one game day.
315
814000
2000
一圈就是一天份的遊戲
13:51
So a few game days later it came to light
316
816000
3000
幾圈談判以後總算真相大白
13:54
that we found out this major country
317
819000
2000
我們發現這個大國
13:56
was planning a military offensive
318
821000
2000
正在計劃一個大型軍事行動
13:58
to dominate the entire world.
319
823000
3000
要征服整個世界
14:01
Had they had their fuel supplies, they would have done it.
320
826000
2000
如果它們握有石油，就可以達成計劃
14:03
She was able to see the vectors and trend lines and intentions
321
828000
3000
她比我們先看到這個這個趨勢
14:06
long before any of us
322
831000
2000
對方的意圖
14:08
and understand what was going to happen
323
833000
2000
理解即將發生的事態
14:10
and made a philosophical decision
324
835000
2000
做出一個哲學性的決定
14:12
to attack in a peace game.
325
837000
3000
在和平遊戲裡攻擊。
14:15
Now she used a small war to avert a larger war,
326
840000
3000
她用一個小的戰爭來避免一個大的戰爭
14:18
so we stopped and had a very good philosophical discussion
327
843000
2000
於是我們把遊戲暫停，一起參與這個哲學討論
14:20
about whether that was right,
328
845000
2000
討論這究竟是對的
14:22
conditional good, or not right.
329
847000
3000
在某些狀況下是好的，或是錯的
14:25
That's the kind of thinking that we put them in, the situations.
330
850000
3000
這就是我們在這種狀況下所思考的
14:28
I could not have designed that in teaching it.
331
853000
2000
我無法設計出這種教材
14:30
It came about spontaneously through their collective wisdom.
332
855000
3000
這必須出自偶然，出自他們自己的集體智慧
14:33
(Applause)
333
858000
6000
（掌聲）
14:39
Another example, a beautiful thing happened.
334
864000
2000
另外一個例子是，一件美好的事發生了
14:41
We have a letter in the game.
335
866000
2000
我們有一封信在遊戲裡
14:43
If you're a military commander and you wage troops --
336
868000
2000
你是個將軍，你增兵
14:45
the little plastic toys on the board -- and you lose them,
337
870000
3000
板子上的一塊塑膠玩具 － 然後你失去了它
14:48
I put in a letter.
338
873000
2000
我放在信裡
14:50
You have to write a letter to their parents --
339
875000
3000
你必須寫一封信給他們的家長
14:53
the fictional parents of your fictional troops --
340
878000
2000
你那虛構士兵的虛構家長
14:55
explaining what happened and offering your condolences.
341
880000
3000
解釋事情發生的經過，並獻上弔辭
14:58
So you have a little bit more thought
342
883000
2000
於是在你準備開戰的時候
15:00
before you commit to combat.
343
885000
3000
你會三思而行
15:03
And so we had this situation come up --
344
888000
2000
於是我們遇見這個狀況
15:05
last summer actually,
345
890000
2000
上一個夏天
15:07
at Agnor-Hurt School in Albemarle County --
346
892000
3000
在 Albemarle 區的 Agnor-Hurt 小學
15:10
and one of our military commanders got up to read that letter
347
895000
3000
我們其中一個將軍起來朗誦這封信
15:13
and one of the other kids said, "Mr. Hunter,
348
898000
2000
另外一個學生起來說“Hunter 先生
15:15
let's ask -- there's a parent over there."
349
900000
2000
那裡有個家長”
15:17
There was a parent visiting that day, just sitting in the back of the room.
350
902000
2000
那天是家長訪問學校的日子，他們都坐在教師後面
15:19
"Let's ask that mom to read the letter.
351
904000
2000
“我們讓那個媽媽來讀這封信，
15:21
It'll be more realer if she reads it."
352
906000
2000
她讀會更有真實感。”
15:23
So we did, we asked her, and she gamely picked up the letter.
353
908000
3000
於是我們問了她，她很配合地拿起信
15:26
"Sure." She started reading. She read one sentence.
354
911000
3000
“好的。”她開始讀，她讀了一句
15:29
She read two sentences.
355
914000
3000
兩句
15:32
By the third sentence, she was in tears.
356
917000
3000
到了第三句，她淚眼盈眶
15:35
I was in tears.
357
920000
3000
我也流淚了
15:38
Everybody understood
358
923000
2000
在場的每個人都懂了
15:40
that when we lose somebody, the winners are not gloating.
359
925000
3000
當有人失去性命，勝利的一方並沒有甚麼好得意的
15:43
We all lose.
360
928000
3000
我們都是輸家
15:46
And it was an amazing occurrence and an amazing understanding.
361
931000
2000
這件事的發生和眾人的理解都很神奇
15:48
I'll show you what my friend David says about this.
362
933000
2000
你們可以看看我朋友大衛怎麼說
15:50
He's been in many battles.
363
935000
2000
他經歷許多戰役
15:52
(Video) David: We've really had enough of people attacking.
364
937000
2000
（影片）大衛：我們真的受夠了攻擊
15:54
I mean, we've been lucky [most of] the time.
365
939000
4000
雖然大部分時候我們都很幸運
15:58
But now I'm feeling really weird
366
943000
2000
但現在我感覺很怪
16:00
because I'm living what Sun Tzu said one week.
367
945000
4000
我現在正經歷孫子說的
16:04
One week he said,
368
949000
2000
他說
16:06
"Those who go into battle and win
369
951000
2000
“那些投身戰爭並勝利的人
16:08
will want to go back,
370
953000
2000
會想回到戰場上
16:10
and those who lose in battle
371
955000
2000
那些戰役的輸家
16:12
will want to go back and win."
372
957000
3000
會想再回去獲得勝利。”
16:15
And so I've been winning battles,
373
960000
2000
我在許多戰役中獲得勝利
16:17
so I'm going into battles, more battles.
374
962000
3000
於是我一次又一次加入他們
16:20
And I think it's sort of weird to be living
375
965000
2000
我的感覺，很奇異的
16:22
what Sun Tzu said.
376
967000
2000
就像孫子所描述的
16:26
JH: I get chills every time I see that.
377
971000
3000
每次我看那個影片，我就打冷顫
16:29
That's the kind of engagement you want to have happen.
378
974000
3000
這就是你想要的投入程度
16:32
And I can't design that, I can't plan that,
379
977000
3000
是我所不能計劃或設計出來的
16:35
and I can't even test that.
380
980000
2000
我甚至不能試驗
16:37
But it's self-evident assessment.
381
982000
2000
但結果很明確
16:39
We know that's an authentic assessment of learning.
382
984000
3000
我們都知道有一些教育成果是不言而喻的
16:44
We have a lot of data, but I think sometimes we go beyond data
383
989000
3000
我們有很多數據，但我認為有時我們應該用真實的例子
16:47
with the real truth of what's going on.
384
992000
3000
超越這些數據
16:50
So I'll just share a third story.
385
995000
3000
讓我分享第三個故事
16:53
This is about my friend Brennan.
386
998000
3000
和我朋友貝南有關
16:56
We had played the game one session after school
387
1001000
3000
有一天我們在下課後玩遊戲
16:59
for many weeks, about seven weeks,
388
1004000
3000
幾個禮拜，似乎是七個禮拜
17:02
and we had essentially solved all 50 of the interlocking crises.
389
1007000
3000
我們基本上解決了50個連鎖危機
17:05
The way the game is won is all 50 problems have to be solved
390
1010000
3000
贏得遊戲的方法就是把50個問題全解決
17:08
and every country's asset value
391
1013000
2000
而且每個國家的資產
17:10
has to be increased above its starting point.
392
1015000
2000
都要比遊戲開始時更多
17:12
Some are poor, some are wealthy. There are billions.
393
1017000
3000
有些貧窮，有些富有。有好幾億。
17:15
The World Bank president was a third-grader one time.
394
1020000
2000
有一次，世界銀行總裁是個三年級的學生
17:17
He says, "How many zeros in a trillion? I've got to calculate that right away."
395
1022000
3000
他說“兆裡面有幾個零？我需要把這個算對。”
17:20
But he was setting fiscal policy in that game
396
1025000
2000
他在為其它高中玩家
17:22
for high school players who were playing with him.
397
1027000
3000
設立財政政策
17:25
So the team that was the poorest
398
1030000
3000
於是窮國
17:28
had gotten even poorer.
399
1033000
2000
變得更窮
17:30
There was no way they could win.
400
1035000
2000
他們是不可能贏的
17:32
And we were approaching four o'clock, our cut-off time --
401
1037000
2000
我們越來越接近下午四點的期限
17:34
there was about a minute left --
402
1039000
2000
只剩下一分鐘
17:36
and despair just settled over the room.
403
1041000
2000
絕望充滿了整個課堂
17:38
I thought, I'm failing as a teacher.
404
1043000
2000
我想，身為教師，我失敗了
17:40
I should have gotten it so they could have won.
405
1045000
3000
我應該想辦法讓他們贏的
17:43
They shouldn't be failing like this.
406
1048000
3000
他們不應該這樣就失敗了
17:46
I've failed them.
407
1051000
3000
我讓他們失望了
17:49
And I was just feeling so sad and dejected.
408
1054000
2000
正在我感覺失望和沮喪時
17:51
And suddenly, Brennan walked over to my chair
409
1056000
2000
貝南走到我身邊來
17:53
and he grabbed the bell, the bell I ring
410
1058000
2000
他拿走我手上的響鐘
17:55
to signal a change or a reconvening of cabinets,
411
1060000
2000
原本是用在內閣重組的時候
17:57
and he ran back to his seat, rang the bell.
412
1062000
2000
他跑回座位，打響它
17:59
Everybody ran to his chair: there was screaming;
413
1064000
2000
每個人都跑到他座位那裡，鬧成一團
18:01
there was yelling, waving of their dossiers.
414
1066000
2000
叫著，揮舞著他們的檔案
18:03
They get these dossiers full of secret documents.
415
1068000
2000
這些檔案裡充滿祕密文件
18:05
They were gesticulating; they were running around.
416
1070000
2000
他們打著手勢，滿教室亂跑
18:07
I didn't know what they were doing. I'd lost control of my classroom.
417
1072000
3000
我不知道他們在做甚麼，整個教室失控了
18:11
Principal walks in, I'm out of a job.
418
1076000
3000
要是校長在那時候走進來，我就失業了
18:14
The parents were looking in the window.
419
1079000
2000
家長從窗子外看近來
18:16
And Brennan runs back to his seat. Everybody runs back to their seat.
420
1081000
3000
貝南跑會他的座位，每個人都回到原座
18:19
He rings the bell again. He says, "We have" --
421
1084000
2000
他重新敲響鐘。他說 －
18:21
and there's 12 seconds left on the clock --
422
1086000
2000
那時還剩下12秒
18:23
"we have, all nations, pooled all our funds together.
423
1088000
3000
“我們集合了所有國家的所有資金
18:26
And we've got 600 billion dollars.
424
1091000
2000
我們有600億
18:28
We're going to offer it as a donation to this poor country.
425
1093000
2000
我們要把這些捐給窮國
18:30
And if they accept it, it'll raise their asset value and we can win the game.
426
1095000
3000
如果他們接受，他們就可以提升資本，我們就贏得了遊戲
18:33
Will you accept it?"
427
1098000
2000
你們接受嗎？
18:35
And there are three seconds left on the clock.
428
1100000
2000
那時只剩下三秒
18:37
Everybody looks at this prime minister of that country,
429
1102000
3000
每個人都盯著那個國家的總理
18:40
and he says, "Yes."
430
1105000
2000
他回答“好的。”
18:42
And the game is won.
431
1107000
3000
於是大家贏得遊戲
18:45
Spontaneous compassion
432
1110000
3000
自發的仁愛
18:48
that could not be planned for,
433
1113000
2000
不能計劃的
18:50
that was unexpected and unpredictable.
434
1115000
3000
無法想像預知的
18:53
Every game we play is different.
435
1118000
2000
每次的遊戲都不同
18:55
Some games are more about social issues,
436
1120000
2000
某些遊戲有關社會議題
18:57
some are more about economic issues.
437
1122000
2000
某些有關經濟議題
18:59
Some games are more about warfare.
438
1124000
2000
有些有關戰爭
19:01
But I don't try to deny them that reality of being human.
439
1126000
3000
但我從不避免提到我們身為人的真實狀態
19:04
I allow them to go there
440
1129000
2000
我讓他們去探索
19:06
and, through their own experience, learn, in a bloodless way,
441
1131000
4000
以一種冷血的方式，自己去經歷
19:10
how not to do what they consider to be the wrong thing.
442
1135000
3000
如何不去做那些自己認為錯誤的事
19:13
And they find out what is right
443
1138000
2000
讓他們找到甚麼是對的
19:15
their own way, their own selves.
444
1140000
2000
用他們自己的方法，自己兆
19:18
And so in this game,
445
1143000
2000
在這個遊戲裡
19:20
I've learned so much from it,
446
1145000
2000
我學了很多
19:22
but I would say
447
1147000
2000
我必須說
19:24
that if only
448
1149000
3000
倘若
19:27
they could pick up a critical thinking tool
449
1152000
2000
他們可以從遊戲裡
19:29
or creative thinking tool
450
1154000
2000
找到批判性思考
19:31
from this game
451
1156000
2000
和創意思考的方式
19:33
and leverage something good for the world,
452
1158000
4000
把那變成真正可以解決世界問題的方法
19:37
they may save us all.
453
1162000
3000
來拯救我們所有人
19:40
If only.
454
1165000
3000
如果。
19:43
And on behalf of all of my teachers
455
1168000
2000
感謝我所有的老師
19:45
on whose shoulders I'm standing,
456
1170000
2000
他們的經驗傳承
19:47
thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
457
1172000
3000
謝謝各位，謝謝各位，謝謝各位
19:50
(Applause)
458
1175000
31000
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Hunter - EducatorTeacher and musician John Hunter is the inventor of the World Peace Game (and the star of the documentary "World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements").
Why you should listen
Musician, teacher, filmmaker and game designer, John Hunter has dedicated his life to helping children realize their full potential. His own life story is one of a never-ending quest for harmony. As a student, he studied comparative religions and philosophy while traveling through Japan, China and India. In India, inspired by Ghandi's philosophy, he began to think about the role of the schoolteacher in creating a more peaceful world.
As his online biography says: "Accepting the reality of violence, he would seek to incorporate ways to explore harmony in various situations. This exploration would take form in the framework of a game – something that students would enjoy. Within the game data space, they would be challenged, while enhancing collaborative and communication skills."
In 1978, at the Richmond Community High School, Hunter led the first sessions of his World Peace Game, a hands-on political simulation. The game has now been played around the world, on a four-tiered board. It's the subject of the new film World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements.
Read John Hunter's note to the community following the publication of his TEDTalk >>
John Hunter | Speaker | TED.com