Gwynne Shotwell: SpaceX's plan to fly you across the globe in 30 minutes
格温·肖特维尔: SpaceX计划让你在30分钟内飞遍全球
As president and COO of SpaceX, Gwynne Shotwell is responsible for day-to-day operations and for managing all customer and strategic relations. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
something crazy happened.
因为它引起了很多人的注意?
this caught so many people's attention?
for the beginning,
three, two, one.
去吧,猎鹰重型运载火箭。
an important moment for SpaceX.
这是一个非常重要的时刻。
and now the Falcon Heavy,
发射到轨道中去。
been conceived or is conceived right now.
安排了好几次发射任务,
of Falcon Heavy later this year,
a thousand people
那么为什么不送一辆特斯拉上天呢?
why not put a Tesla into space?
往回倒转一下。
师,以及 SpaceX 的总裁的?
and President of SpaceX?
是不是非常的书呆子气?
其他女孩不会去做的事。
that the girls weren't doing.
在三年级的时候我问她,
when I was in third grade,
给了我一本书,我读了这本书。
a book, and I read it,
第一份工作
out of my mechanical engineering degree
in the automotive industry.
并不是因为那本书,
not because of that book
一个女工程师学会的活动。
to a Society of Women Engineers event,
the mechanical engineer that spoke.
如何跟机械工程扯上关系的。
girl connects with.
from telling that story,
我为什么会成为一名工程师--
to be an engineer --
SpaceX公司的第七位员工。
employee number seven at SpaceX,
建立了涉及几十亿美元的合作关系,
relationship with NASA,
都发生了爆炸。
first three launches blew up.
关于与这些客户
is all about relationships
并与他们沟通交流。
with these customers.
is selling your team,
to sell these days --
快速地处理好他们拥有的
that any technical issue that they have
you can address right away.
对此是有帮助的。
for me to be an engineer.
是有帮助的。
of running sales for Elon.
a big focus of the company
the service to NASA
come to the fore, here.
I'm a good sleeper, that's my best thing.
这是我最棒的一点。
to our flying crew
在载人上天之前的那些日子里,
safety comes in the design
to fly people on,
on this technology.
to be able to carry crew.
我们在这些安全系统上的设计
engineering in these safety systems
会在飞船发生问题的时候,
that actually allows instant escape
the launch escape system.
我们来看一看。
测试时的视频。
of a test that we ran in 2015.
a really bad day on the pad.
在发射台上发生了严重的问题。
to get out of Dodge.
我们还会做另外一个试验,
another demonstration later this year
会发生什么。
with the rocket during flight.
potential function as well, eventually.
这些火箭还有另外的潜在功能。
是非常独特的。
for Dragon is pretty unique.
are integrated into the capsule,
就会把太空舱推开。
it pushes the capsule away.
一直是类似于牵引器的设施。
have been like tractor pullers,
需要先将那些牵引器剥离。
you can safely reenter that capsule,
可能的失败消除掉。
that possibility of failure.
the regular reusability of rockets
火箭的常规回收
space program, for example,
是站在巨人的肩膀上。对吗?
on the shoulders of giants. Right?
在火箭领域的发展,
and the developments to date,
that we had to include
around legacy components
or were particularly expensive,
让物理学驱动这些系统的设计。
drive the design of these systems.
是从零开始的。
started from scratch.
你让物理驱动设计,
you let physics drive the design,
actually, of that,
the vehicle design
that we wanted to make.
是一个常见的圆顶设计。
it's a common dome design.
叠起来的啤酒罐,
stacked together,
获得更多有效载荷。
more payload for the same design.
的另一个元素是,
that we're flying right now
和致密火箭推进剂,
liquid oxygen and densified RP,
装进飞船。
more propellent into the vehicle.
of margin to the vehicle,
成为 SpaceX 的总裁的。
of SpaceX 10 years ago, I think.
是什么感觉?
so closely with Elon Musk?
我已经做了 16 年了。
this year, actually.
我不喜欢的事情
to do something for 16 years
他能够在什么都不说的情况下,
him saying anything
best placed to answer this question,
回答这个问题的最佳人选,
on this strange unit of time
我问过埃隆,
I asked Elon, you know,
穿越美国,
auto-drive across America,
考虑进去的话。
if you take Elon time into account.
换算比率是多少?
between Elon time and real time?
克里斯。
in a unique position, Chris.
非常激进,
is very aggressive on his timelines,
做得更快更好。
to do things better and faster.
and all the money in the world
让他们快速行动,真的十分重要。
to move quickly is really important.
kind of a key intermediary role here.
非常重要的中间角色。
疯狂的目标,
that have their impact,
might blow up a team
这可能毁掉一个团队
of saying, "Yes, Elon,"
“是的,埃隆” 的方法,
in a way that is acceptable
to your employees.
realizations for that.
你必须停住,
you have to pause
“那是不可能的,”
"Well, that's impossible,"
我不知道怎么做。”
to do that. I don't know how."
然后仔细思考这件事,
substantially harder.
接受这些想法,
was to take these ideas
让它们成为可能,
make them achievable,
让它感到舒适。
from this steep slope, get it comfortable.
就要到那里时,
I felt like we were there,
人们变得更自在的时候,
people were getting comfortable,
that that's his job,
尽可能的感到舒适,
close to comfortable
将我们放回陡坡上。
and put us back on that slope,
从埃隆时间,到你的时间的换算比
that the conversation ratio
而且这可是你说的,不是我说的。
and you said it, I didn't.
rumored to be working on,
组成的庞大网络,
thousands of low earth orbit satellites
low-cost internet connection
you can tell us about this?
这个特别的项目,
about this particular project,
one of the most challenging
project we've undertaken.
for internet broadband,
is the difficulty here.
技术上的解决方案,
with the right technology solution,
about 10 billion dollars or more
或更多的代价。
not claiming victory yet.
如果这发生在世界上,
obviously, if that happened to the world,
会很剧烈,
would be pretty radical,
都可以廉价地互相联系,
if suddenly everyone can connect cheaply.
it'll change the world.
on the planning is it,
number of satellites in orbit.
太空碎片是个问题——
there's no question --
后果不堪设想。
are pretty devastating.
喷出一堆粒子,
a bunch of particles in orbit
或更长时间里变得无法使用。
from being useful for decades or longer.
our second stage after every mission
我们都被要求取下我们的二级卫星,
一块绕地球运行的火箭残骸。
a rocket carcass orbiting earth.
a good steward of that.
the remarkable success there
取得了巨大的成功,
as your future development plan.
大了许多的火箭,
to a much bigger rocket
克:大猎鹰火箭,没错。
CA: The Big Falcon Rocket, that's right.
做了所有那些投资,
in that incredible technology,
放大版的东西。为什么?
to something much bigger. Why?
been developing these launch systems.
在还没来得及推出新产品前
a new product before we've been able
转移到的产品。
is the product that they should move to,
the Big Falcon Rocket now,
“猎鹰9号”和“猎鹰2号”,
flying Falcon 9s and Falcon Heavies
widespread acceptance of BFR.
Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy
能够将人类带去火星?
to take humanity to Mars?
其他的商业想法。
other business ideas for this.
我们目前正在发射的卫星
that we're currently taking to orbit
of satellites to be delivered to orbit.
of the fairing is eight meters,
有什么巨大的望远镜
what giant telescopes
整流罩里,在货舱里,
in that cargo bay,
residual capabilities
格:它是个剩余能力。
GS: It's a residual capability.
讲讲这到底是什么吧。
Talk about what the heck this is.
里面的自由女神像,
the Statue of Liberty in it,
猎鹰重型火箭的尺寸有多大了。
of that Falcon Heavy Rocket.
它有 27 个引擎这一事实。
there are 27 engines there.
inventing ever bigger rockets,
开发了梅林发动机。
for the Falcon 1 launch vehicle.
制造一个全新的引擎。
for the Falcon 9.
something different,
来研发一个全新的引擎,
on a brand new engine,
一起放在猎鹰9号的后端。
on the back end of Falcon 9.
将三个猎鹰9号粘在一起,
glue three Falcon 9s together
operational rocket flying.
这是条更高效的道路。
than starting from scratch.
of how much bigger than that,
它的二点五倍大。
two and half times the size of this.
我们即将播放的这个视频。
this video that we're about to play here.
space travel for earthlings.
就是像飞机一样飞行大猎鹰火箭,
is we're going to fly BFR like an aircraft
from New York City or Vancouver
大约半小时到四十分钟,
half an hour or 40 minutes,
是啊,这太棒了。
yeah, it's so awesome.
其实是摆渡船的往返。
is actually the boat out and back.
这非常棒,但它很疯狂,对吗?
this is awesome, but it's crazy, right?
going to happen.
接受这个进来的导弹——
to accept this incoming missile --
我们试图说服一个
us trying to convince a federal range,
接受入侵者?
对吧?
regularly, right?
空军基地的联邦财产上。
on federal property on an Air Force base.
也许离一个城市只有五公里远。
it's only five kilometers out from a city.
能负担得起这笔
can possibly afford the fortune
大约一百名乘客。
roughly a hundred passengers.
about the business.
are really expensive,
with airline tickets here?
如果我能在半个到一个小时内
if I can do this trip
每天只能做一次这样的飞行。
can only make one of those flights a day.
was slightly more expensive
a little bit more expensive,
至少十倍的运行量,
what they're running in a day,
that I need to out of that system.
我们了不起的未来的
to be deployed at some point
我很肯定埃隆会想让我们走得更快。
I'm sure Elon will want us to go faster.
因为我经常旅行,
because I travel a lot
在那里的客户,
my customers in Riyadh,
and be back in time to make dinner.
一张经济舱价格的机票,
an economy price ticket,
从纽约飞到上海。
per person to fly New York to Shanghai.
在经济和商务舱两者之间,
economy and business,
这绝对很了不起。
that is definitely something.
的另一个用途
of BFR is being developed
quite a detailed, sort of, picture
这是从我们以前展示过的视频中
this is a cropped video
there's a couple of new bits to it.
to lift off from a pad,
大猎鹰飞船。
the Big Falcon Spaceship.
the spaceship off in orbit,
返回助推器一样。
we're returning boosters right now.
但我们正在一步步研究它,
but we're working on the pieces,
实现这些目标。
我们被发射出去的平台上。
on the pad that we launched from.
独立的发射台,或者在船上降落。
or we land out on a boat.
refuel the spaceship,
go to Mars at one time,
on how big the rocket is.
旅行会耗费三个月,
and we'll continue to make
首次将人类带上火星?
will land the first human on Mars?
是一个很相似的时间范围。
from the point-to-point.
不是这个十年。
not this decade.
这就是官方声明的义务。
where this is the official stated mission.
bought into that mission,
有很多人认为,
there's a lot of people around
you've got so much talent,
that need urgent attention.
off to another planet?
拓展一下我们的思维。
to expand our minds a little bit.
working on that.
最重要的东西,
the most important things we possibly can,
可供人类生存并繁荣的居所。
for humans to live and survive and thrive.
for the human species.
and doing a better job taking care of it,
multiple paths to survival,
所有地球人都不会死。
all earthlings don't die.
的一个非常糟糕的理由。
that's a terrible reason to go do it.
这是另一个值得探索的地方,
it's another place to explore,
different from animals,
and sense of wonderment
in us moving to other solar systems
我的愿景超过了埃隆的,
I ever out-vision Elon,
其他太阳系里的其他人。
in other solar systems.
需要修缮的星球。
a fixer-upper planet.
还有很多工作要做。
to make it habitable.
or whatever they call themselves,
最令人惊叹的工作之一。
amazing jobs on the planet.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Gwynne Shotwell - Space leaderAs president and COO of SpaceX, Gwynne Shotwell is responsible for day-to-day operations and for managing all customer and strategic relations.
Why you should listen
Gwynne Shotwell joined SpaceX in 2002 as vice president of business development and built the Falcon vehicle family manifest to more than 70 launches, representing more than $10 billion in business. Shotwell is a member of the SpaceX Board of Directors.
Prior to joining SpaceX, Shotwell spent more than 10 years at the Aerospace Corporation, holding positions in space systems engineering and technology and project management. Shotwell was subsequently recruited to be director of Microcosm's space systems division, managing space system technologies, serving on the executive committee and directing corporate business development.
In 2014, Shotwell was appointed to the United States Export Import Bank's Advisory Committee and the Federal Aviation Administration’s Management Advisory Council. She has been awarded the World Technology Award for Individual Achievement in Space, has been inducted into the Women In Technology International Hall of Fame and was elected to the honorable grade of Fellow with the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
SpaceX supports science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) programs locally as well as national engineering programs and competitions. Shotwell has helped raise over $1.4 million for STEM education programs reaching thousands of students nationwide.
Shotwell received, with honors, her bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Northwestern University in mechanical engineering and applied mathematics, and she serves as both a University Trustee and a member of the Advisory Council for Northwestern’s McCormick School of Engineering. She has authored dozens of papers on a variety of space-related subjects.
Gwynne Shotwell | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com