ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Catherine Crump - Attorney + privacy advocate
Catherine Crump is an assistant clinical professor at Berkeley Law School who focuses on the laws around data and surveillance.

Why you should listen

Catherine Crump is a civil liberties lawyer whose work focuses on combating government surveillance and protecting the free speech rights of political protesters. She has filed cases challenging the NSA and the Department of Homeland Security. Crump is an assistant professor at Berkeley Law School; previously she was an attorney for ACLU for nine years.

In her writing for the ACLU, Crump warns against the dangers of national mass surveillance technology, which can all too easily end up as tools for local police forces. She writes, "Not only our country as a whole, but also the police, will be better off in the long run if we have an open debate about what today’s technology can do, versus what it should do."

More profile about the speaker
Catherine Crump | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2014

Catherine Crump: The small and surprisingly dangerous detail the police track about you

凯瑟琳▪克龙普: 你知道警察在跟踪你吗

Filmed:
1,982,256 views

一个听起来一点都不性感的机器能够让警察知道你在什么时候,和谁一起,去了什么地方,这就是自动抓拍相机。这些相机别安装在美国任何一个小镇的角落里,来监控犯罪。但是律师兼TED Fellow凯瑟琳▪克龙普证明,警察搜集的这些数据汇总起来,很可能会在全世界范围内产生灾难性的后果。
- Attorney + privacy advocate
Catherine Crump is an assistant clinical professor at Berkeley Law School who focuses on the laws around data and surveillance. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
The shocking触目惊心 police警察 crackdown打假
on protestors抗议者 in Ferguson弗格森, Missouri密苏里州,
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在密苏里州弗格森的一场
令人震惊的对抗议者的镇压中,
00:17
in the wake唤醒 of the police警察
shooting射击 of Michael迈克尔 Brown棕色,
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警察开枪射杀了迈克尔▪布朗,
揭示了为作战而设计的
00:20
underscored强调 the extent程度 to which哪一个 advanced高级
military军事 weapons武器 and equipment设备,
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军用高级武器,
00:24
designed设计 for the battlefield战场,
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正向
00:26
are making制造 their way
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全美国镇级警署渗透。
00:27
to small-town小城 police警察 departments部门
across横过 the United联合的 States状态.
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00:32
Although虽然 much tougher强硬 to observe,
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虽然更加不易察觉,
00:34
this same相同 thing is happening事件
with surveillance监控 equipment设备.
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但军用监控设备也以同样方式来到了我们身边。
00:38
NSA-styleNSA式 mass
surveillance监控 is enabling启用
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美国国家安全局形制的大型监控系统,
00:40
local本地 police警察 departments部门
to gather收集 vast广大 quantities数量
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让本地警察局能够收集超大量的
00:43
of sensitive敏感 information信息
about each and every一切 one of us
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个人敏感信息,
00:47
in a way that was
never previously先前 possible可能.
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这是前所未有的。
00:51
Location位置 information信息 can
be very sensitive敏感.
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位置信息可以是非常敏感的。
00:54
If you drive驾驶 your car汽车 around
the United联合的 States状态,
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如果你在美国范围内开车,
00:57
it can reveal揭示 if you go
to a therapist治疗师,
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它能显示你是去看医生,
00:59
attend出席 an Alcoholics嗜酒 Anonymous匿名 meeting会议,
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还是去参加匿名酗酒者会议
01:01
if you go to church教会
or if you don't go to church教会.
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去教堂,或者没去教堂。
01:04
And when that
information信息 about you
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如果将你的信息
01:06
is combined结合 with the same相同 information信息
about everyone大家 else其他,
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和其他人的同类信息相结合,
政府就能详细地描绘出
01:09
the government政府 can gain获得
a detailed详细 portrait肖像
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公民间的私人关系。
01:12
of how private私人的 citizens公民 interact相互作用.
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01:15
This information信息 used to be private私人的.
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这样的信息曾经是私密的,
01:17
Thanks谢谢 to modern现代 technology技术,
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而因为现代科技,
01:19
the government政府 knows知道 far too much
about what happens发生 behind背后 closed关闭 doors.
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政府对家务事也知道的太多了。
地方警察局能根据这些信息,
01:23
And local本地 police警察 departments部门 make
decisions决定 about who they think you are
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对你的为人做出“官方”判断。
01:27
based基于 on this information信息.
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01:31
One of the key technologies技术
driving主动 mass location位置 tracking追踪
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方位跟踪最常用的,
01:35
is the innocuous-sounding无害冠冕堂皇
Automatic自动 License执照 Plate盘子 Reader读者.
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是一种利用无害声波
自动抓拍车牌的技术。
01:38
If you haven't没有 seen看到 one,
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如果你没见过这种监控,
01:40
it's probably大概 because you didn't
know what to look for --
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很可能是因为你不知道怎么去找,
01:43
they're everywhere到处.
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它无处不在。
01:45
Mounted安装 on roads道路 or
on police警察 cars汽车,
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有的装在马路上方,有的在警车上,
01:48
Automatic自动 License执照 Plate盘子 Readers读者
capture捕获 images图片 of every一切 passing通过 car汽车
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自动抓拍车牌相机会拍下经过的每一辆车,
01:52
and convert兑换 the license执照 plate盘子
into machine-readable机器可读 text文本
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然后把汽车牌照转换成可机读的文字,
这样就可以对照着黑名单
01:56
so that they can be checked检查
against反对 hot lists名单
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查出可疑车辆。
01:59
of cars汽车 potentially可能 wanted
for wrongdoing坏事.
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02:02
But more than that, increasingly日益,
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不仅如此,现在日益增多的情况是,
02:04
local本地 police警察 departments部门
are keeping保持 records记录
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地方警察局不仅会
02:07
not just of people wanted for wrongdoing坏事,
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查可疑车辆,
02:10
but of every一切 plate盘子 that
passes通行证 them by,
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而是只要有车经过都查,
02:13
resulting造成 in the collection采集
of mass quantities数量 of data数据
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收集每一个美国人的大量信息,
02:17
about where Americans美国人 have gone走了.
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了解他们的动态。
02:19
Did you know this
was happening事件?
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这件事你知道吗?
02:21
When Mike麦克风 Katz-Lacabe卡茨-Lacabe asked
his local本地 police警察 department
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当迈克▪卡茨拉卡德向当地警局
02:25
for information信息 about the plate盘子
reader读者 data数据 they had on him,
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询问他的拍照记录,
02:28
this is what they got:
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这是他得到的结果:
02:30
in addition加成 to the date日期,
time and location位置,
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除了日期,时间和地点
02:33
the police警察 department had
photographs照片 that captured捕获
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还有各种监控照片,
02:36
where he was going and
often经常 who he was with.
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显示他经常去哪、和谁在一起。
02:39
The second第二 photo照片 from the top最佳
is a picture图片 of Mike麦克风 and his two daughters女儿
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上边数下来第二张照片是
迈克和他的两个女儿
02:43
getting得到 out of their car汽车
in their own拥有 driveway车道.
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在家门前一起下车的照片。
02:47
The government政府 has
hundreds数以百计 of photos相片 like this
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政府有几百张这样的照片,
能知道迈克每天的行踪。
02:50
about Mike麦克风 going about his daily日常 life.
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如果你也在美国境内开车,
02:53
And if you drive驾驶 a car汽车
in the United联合的 States状态,
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02:55
I would bet赌注 money
that they have photographs照片
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我打赌他们也有
关于你的各种生活照。
02:58
like this of you going
about your daily日常 life.
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迈克没做过任何错事
03:00
Mike麦克风 hasn't有没有 doneDONE anything wrong错误.
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03:02
Why is it okay that the government政府
is keeping保持 all of this information信息?
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为什么政府可以这样收集他的信息?
03:06
The reason原因 it's happening事件 is because,
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原因就是,
03:08
as the cost成本 of storing存储
this data数据 has plummeted暴跌,
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由于储存信息的成本迅速下降,
03:12
the police警察 departments部门
simply只是 hang on to it,
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警局就紧紧抓住它不放,
03:14
just in case案件 it could be useful有用 someday日后.
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以防有朝一日能用上。
03:18
The issue问题 is not just that
one police警察 department
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但问题是暗中搜集信息的
03:20
is gathering搜集 this information信息 in isolation隔离
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不是只有一家警局单干,
03:23
or even that multiple police警察
departments部门 are doing it.
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或者只有几家各干各的。
03:26
At the same相同 time, the federal联邦 government政府
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与此同时,政府也在
03:28
is collecting搜集 all of these
individual个人 pots of data数据,
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将这数以亿计的各种个人信息,
03:32
and pooling them together一起
into one vast广大 database数据库
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都收录到一个
统一的数据库中,
03:35
with hundreds数以百计 of millions百万 of hits点击,
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03:37
showing展示 where Americans美国人 have traveled旅行.
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跟踪美国人都去过哪里。
03:39
This document文件 from the
Federal联邦 Drug药物 Enforcement强制 Administration行政,
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联邦缉毒局的这个文件
03:42
which哪一个 is one of the agencies机构
primarily主要 interested有兴趣 in this,
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是缉毒局的主要关注点之一,
03:45
is one of several一些 that reveal揭示
the existence存在 of this database数据库.
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证明了这样的数据库的存在。
03:50
Meanwhile与此同时, in New York纽约 City,
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同时,在纽约市,
03:52
the NYPDNYPD has driven驱动 police警察 cars汽车
equipped装备 with license执照 plate盘子 readers读者
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纽约市警局派出装有摄像头的警车
03:56
past过去 mosques清真寺 in order订购 to
figure数字 out who is attending出席.
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开过清真寺,看有谁在里面。
04:00
The uses使用 and abuses滥用 of this technology技术
aren't limited有限 to the United联合的 States状态.
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不是只有美国在滥用这项技术。
04:04
In the U.K., the police警察 department
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在英国,警察局
04:07
put 80-year-old-岁 John约翰 Kat
on a plate盘子 reader读者 watch list名单
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把80岁的约翰▪卡加入了黑名单
04:11
after he had attended出席 dozens许多 of
lawful合法 political政治 demonstrations示威
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因为他出现在很多次合法的政治游行当中,
04:16
where he liked喜欢 to sit on a bench长凳
and sketch草图 the attendees与会者.
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坐在一旁的长椅上,为游行者画素描。
04:20
License执照 plate盘子 readers读者 aren't the
only mass location位置 tracking追踪 technology技术
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自动抓拍相机可不是执法机构
唯一使用的跟踪技术。
04:24
available可得到 to law enforcement强制 agents代理 today今天.
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04:26
Through通过 a technique技术 known已知 as
a cell细胞 tower dump倾倒,
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通过基站定位技术,
04:29
law enforcement强制 agents代理 can
uncover揭露 who was using运用
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执法机构能够知道谁
在某一时刻正在使用哪些个基站,
04:32
one or more cell细胞 towers
at a particular特定 time,
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04:34
a technique技术 which哪一个 has been known已知 to reveal揭示
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这项技术能用来确定
04:37
the location位置 of tens of thousands数千
and even hundreds数以百计 of thousands数千 of people.
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几万甚至几十万人的位置。
04:41
Also, using运用 a device设备 known已知 as a StingRay黄貂鱼,
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另外还有一种设备叫做“魟鱼”,(即“IMSI捕手”)
04:44
law enforcement强制 agents代理
can send发送 tracking追踪 signals信号
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执法机关能够在人们家里发送跟踪信号,
04:47
inside people's人们 houses房屋
to identify鉴定 the cell细胞 phones手机 located位于 there.
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来确定家里都有哪些手机在工作。
04:51
And if they don't know
which哪一个 house to target目标,
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如果他们没有明确的目标
04:53
they've他们已经 been known已知
to drive驾驶 this technology技术
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据说就会
让这个设备在住宅区全部运行一遍。
04:55
around through通过 whole整个 neighborhoods社区.
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就像弗格森的警察配备了
高科技军用武器,
04:59
Just as the police警察 in Ferguson弗格森 possess具有
high-tech高科技 military军事 weapons武器 and equipment设备,
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05:04
so too do police警察 departments部门 across横过
the United联合的 States状态
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全美国的警察也都配备了
高科技的监控设备。
05:07
possess具有 high-tech高科技 surveillance监控 gear齿轮.
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你看不到(那些监控)
05:09
Just because you don't see it,
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05:11
doesn't mean it's not there.
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不代表它们就不存在。
05:13
The question is, what should
we do about this?
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问题是,我们应对此该做些什么?
05:16
I think this poses姿势 a serious严重
civil国内 liberties自由 threat威胁.
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我认为已这严重威胁到了公民的自由。
05:19
History历史 has shown显示 that once一旦 the police警察
have massive大规模的 quantities数量 of data数据,
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历史表明,一旦警察有足够大量的数据,
05:24
tracking追踪 the movements运动 of innocent无辜 people,
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跟踪无辜民众的行踪,
05:26
it gets得到 abused滥用, maybe for blackmail勒索,
maybe for political政治 advantage优点,
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数据就会被滥用,可能用于勒索、
政治获利,
05:30
or maybe for simple简单 voyeurism窥阴癖.
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抑或是单纯的偷窥。
所幸的是,我们还是能采取一些措施。
05:32
Fortunately幸好, there are steps脚步 we can take.
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05:35
Local本地 police警察 departments部门 can
be governed治理 by the city councils议会,
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地方警察局由市议会管理,
05:38
which哪一个 can pass通过 laws法律 requiring要求 the police警察
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议会可以通过法律,要求警察
05:41
to dispose部署 of the data数据
about innocent无辜 people
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销毁无罪民众的数据,
05:44
while allowing允许 the legitimate合法
uses使用 of the technology技术 to go forward前锋.
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同时允许进一步的合法使用这些科技。
05:47
Thank you.
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谢谢。
05:49
(Applause掌声).
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(掌声)
Translated by Yuchen Shen
Reviewed by Karen SONG

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Catherine Crump - Attorney + privacy advocate
Catherine Crump is an assistant clinical professor at Berkeley Law School who focuses on the laws around data and surveillance.

Why you should listen

Catherine Crump is a civil liberties lawyer whose work focuses on combating government surveillance and protecting the free speech rights of political protesters. She has filed cases challenging the NSA and the Department of Homeland Security. Crump is an assistant professor at Berkeley Law School; previously she was an attorney for ACLU for nine years.

In her writing for the ACLU, Crump warns against the dangers of national mass surveillance technology, which can all too easily end up as tools for local police forces. She writes, "Not only our country as a whole, but also the police, will be better off in the long run if we have an open debate about what today’s technology can do, versus what it should do."

More profile about the speaker
Catherine Crump | Speaker | TED.com