TEDGlobal 2014
Catherine Crump: The small and surprisingly dangerous detail the police track about you
Catherine Crump: Vaš mali i neočekivano opasan detalj kojeg prati policija
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Automatski čitač registacijskih tablica je tehnologija koja ne zvuči baš privlačno, ali omogućuje policiji da zna kamo idete, s kime i kada. Ove kamere su bezazleno postavljene u svim malim gradovima SAD-a kako bi uhvatile kriminalce, ali odvjetnica i TED Fellow Catherine Crump će vam pokazati kako podaci koje one gomilaju mogu imati katastrofalne posljedice za cijeli svijet.
Catherine Crump - Attorney + privacy advocate
Catherine Crump is an assistant clinical professor at Berkeley Law School who focuses on the laws around data and surveillance. Full bio
Catherine Crump is an assistant clinical professor at Berkeley Law School who focuses on the laws around data and surveillance. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
The shocking police crackdown
on protestors in Ferguson, Missouri,
on protestors in Ferguson, Missouri,
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Šokantna policijska represija
protestanata u Fergusonu, Missouri,
protestanata u Fergusonu, Missouri,
00:17
in the wake of the police
shooting of Michael Brown,
shooting of Michael Brown,
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nakon što je policajac
ustrijelio Michaela Browna,
ustrijelio Michaela Browna,
00:20
underscored the extent to which advanced
military weapons and equipment,
military weapons and equipment,
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pokazala je kako napredna
vojna oružja i oprema,
vojna oružja i oprema,
00:24
designed for the battlefield,
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dizajnirana za bojišta,
nalaze svoje mjesto
nalaze svoje mjesto
00:26
are making their way
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00:27
to small-town police departments
across the United States.
across the United States.
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u policijskim upravama
malih gradova SAD-a.
malih gradova SAD-a.
00:32
Although much tougher to observe,
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Iako se to puno teže primjećuje,
00:34
this same thing is happening
with surveillance equipment.
with surveillance equipment.
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ista stvar se događa i s
opremom za nadzor.
opremom za nadzor.
00:38
NSA-style mass
surveillance is enabling
surveillance is enabling
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Nadzor masa u stilu NSA omogućuje
00:40
local police departments
to gather vast quantities
to gather vast quantities
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lokalnim policijskim uredima
skupljanje velike količine
skupljanje velike količine
00:43
of sensitive information
about each and every one of us
about each and every one of us
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osjetljivih informacija o svakome od nas
00:47
in a way that was
never previously possible.
never previously possible.
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na način kako to nikada
prije nije bilo moguće.
prije nije bilo moguće.
00:51
Location information can
be very sensitive.
be very sensitive.
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Lokacijske informacije
mogu biti vrlo osjetljive.
mogu biti vrlo osjetljive.
00:54
If you drive your car around
the United States,
the United States,
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Ako vozite auto u SAD-u,
00:57
it can reveal if you go
to a therapist,
to a therapist,
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sustav može otkriti idete
li psihoterapeutu,
li psihoterapeutu,
00:59
attend an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting,
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prisustvujete li sastanku
anonimnih alkoholičara,
anonimnih alkoholičara,
01:01
if you go to church
or if you don't go to church.
or if you don't go to church.
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idete li u crkvu ili ne idete.
01:04
And when that
information about you
information about you
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A kada su te informacije o vama
01:06
is combined with the same information
about everyone else,
about everyone else,
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ujedinjene s tim istim
informacijama o drugima,
informacijama o drugima,
01:09
the government can gain
a detailed portrait
a detailed portrait
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vlasti mogu dobiti detaljnu sliku
01:12
of how private citizens interact.
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privatnih interakcija građana.
01:15
This information used to be private.
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Ove informacije su nekada bile privatne.
01:17
Thanks to modern technology,
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Zahvaljujući modernoj tehnologiji,
01:19
the government knows far too much
about what happens behind closed doors.
about what happens behind closed doors.
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vlasti znaju puno previše što se
događa iza zatvorenih vrata.
događa iza zatvorenih vrata.
01:23
And local police departments make
decisions about who they think you are
decisions about who they think you are
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Lokalni policijski uredi donose
odluke što oni misle da ste vi
odluke što oni misle da ste vi
01:27
based on this information.
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na temelju tih informacija.
01:31
One of the key technologies
driving mass location tracking
driving mass location tracking
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Jedna od ključnih tehnologija
masovnog lokacijskog praćenja
masovnog lokacijskog praćenja
01:35
is the innocuous-sounding
Automatic License Plate Reader.
Automatic License Plate Reader.
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zvuči jako bezopasno.
automatski čitač registacijskih tablica.
automatski čitač registacijskih tablica.
01:38
If you haven't seen one,
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Ako ga niste vidjeli,
01:40
it's probably because you didn't
know what to look for --
know what to look for --
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vjerojatno niste znali što tražite,
jer su posvuda.
jer su posvuda.
01:43
they're everywhere.
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01:45
Mounted on roads or
on police cars,
on police cars,
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Nalaze se na cestama ili
policijskim automobilima,
policijskim automobilima,
01:48
Automatic License Plate Readers
capture images of every passing car
capture images of every passing car
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i čine snimke svakoga automobila
01:52
and convert the license plate
into machine-readable text
into machine-readable text
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te pretvaraju slike tablice u
tekst koji računalo može prepoznati,
tekst koji računalo može prepoznati,
01:56
so that they can be checked
against hot lists
against hot lists
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kako bi ih se moglo usporediti
s listom sumnjivih automobila
s listom sumnjivih automobila
01:59
of cars potentially wanted
for wrongdoing.
for wrongdoing.
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koji su možda sudjelovali u
počinjenim zločinima.
počinjenim zločinima.
02:02
But more than that, increasingly,
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Ali je češće, i s tendencijom rasta,
02:04
local police departments
are keeping records
are keeping records
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da lokalni policijski uredi
čuvaju snimke ne samo
čuvaju snimke ne samo
02:07
not just of people wanted for wrongdoing,
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onih koji se traže zbog zločina,
02:10
but of every plate that
passes them by,
passes them by,
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nego i snimke svake
snimljene registracije,
snimljene registracije,
02:13
resulting in the collection
of mass quantities of data
of mass quantities of data
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a rezultat toga je masovna
količina podataka
količina podataka
02:17
about where Americans have gone.
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o kretanjima Amerikanca.
02:19
Did you know this
was happening?
was happening?
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Jeste li znali za to?
02:21
When Mike Katz-Lacabe asked
his local police department
his local police department
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Kada je Mike Katz-Lacabe zatražio
u lokalnom policijskom uredu
u lokalnom policijskom uredu
02:25
for information about the plate
reader data they had on him,
reader data they had on him,
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podatke koje je čitač registracijskih
tablica snimio o njemu,
tablica snimio o njemu,
02:28
this is what they got:
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ovo je dobio:
02:30
in addition to the date,
time and location,
time and location,
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osim datuma, vremena i lokacije,
02:33
the police department had
photographs that captured
photographs that captured
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policijski ured je posjedovao
fotografije koje su prikazivale
fotografije koje su prikazivale
02:36
where he was going and
often who he was with.
often who he was with.
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kamo je išao, i često, s kime.
02:39
The second photo from the top
is a picture of Mike and his two daughters
is a picture of Mike and his two daughters
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Druga fotografija odozgo je slika
Mikea i njegove dvije kćeri
Mikea i njegove dvije kćeri
02:43
getting out of their car
in their own driveway.
in their own driveway.
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kako izlaze iz automobila na
njihovom vlastitom prilazu.
njihovom vlastitom prilazu.
02:47
The government has
hundreds of photos like this
hundreds of photos like this
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Vlasti su u posjedu stotina
fotografija kao što je ova
fotografija kao što je ova
02:50
about Mike going about his daily life.
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o svakodnevnom Mikeovom životu.
02:53
And if you drive a car
in the United States,
in the United States,
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Ako vozite automobil u SAD-u,
02:55
I would bet money
that they have photographs
that they have photographs
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kladim se da postoje fotografije
02:58
like this of you going
about your daily life.
about your daily life.
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poput ovih, o vašem svakodnevnom životu.
03:00
Mike hasn't done anything wrong.
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Mike nije napravio nikakav zločin.
03:02
Why is it okay that the government
is keeping all of this information?
is keeping all of this information?
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Zašto onda vladine organizacije
čuvaju sve ove informacije?
čuvaju sve ove informacije?
03:06
The reason it's happening is because,
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Razlog tome je drastičan pad
03:08
as the cost of storing
this data has plummeted,
this data has plummeted,
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troška pohrane podataka,
03:12
the police departments
simply hang on to it,
simply hang on to it,
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pa ih policija čuva
03:14
just in case it could be useful someday.
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u slučaju da bi jednog dana
mogli biti od koristi.
mogli biti od koristi.
03:18
The issue is not just that
one police department
one police department
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No, problem nije u tome što
jedan policijski ured
jedan policijski ured
03:20
is gathering this information in isolation
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skuplja te informacije neovisno,
03:23
or even that multiple police
departments are doing it.
departments are doing it.
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čak ni što to radi više policijskih ureda.
03:26
At the same time, the federal government
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Nego istovremeno, vlada
03:28
is collecting all of these
individual pots of data,
individual pots of data,
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prikuplja sve te skupine
podataka o pojednicima,
podataka o pojednicima,
03:32
and pooling them together
into one vast database
into one vast database
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i objedinjuje ih u ogromnu bazu podataka
03:35
with hundreds of millions of hits,
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sa stotinu milijuna unesenih podataka,
03:37
showing where Americans have traveled.
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koja pokazuju putovanja Amerikanaca.
03:39
This document from the
Federal Drug Enforcement Administration,
Federal Drug Enforcement Administration,
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Ovaj dokument Agencije
za suzbijanje droge,
za suzbijanje droge,
03:42
which is one of the agencies
primarily interested in this,
primarily interested in this,
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jedne od agencija čiji je to
primarni interes,
primarni interes,
03:45
is one of several that reveal
the existence of this database.
the existence of this database.
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jedan je od njih nekoliko koji dokazuju
postojanje te baze podataka.
postojanje te baze podataka.
03:50
Meanwhile, in New York City,
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U međuvremenu, u New Yorku,
03:52
the NYPD has driven police cars
equipped with license plate readers
equipped with license plate readers
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policajci su se s vozilima opremljenima
čitačima registracijskih tablica,
čitačima registracijskih tablica,
03:56
past mosques in order to
figure out who is attending.
figure out who is attending.
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vozili pored džamija kako bi otkrili
tko su njihovi posjetitelji.
tko su njihovi posjetitelji.
04:00
The uses and abuses of this technology
aren't limited to the United States.
aren't limited to the United States.
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Upotrebe i zloupotrebe ove tehnologije
ne događaju se samo u SAD-u.
ne događaju se samo u SAD-u.
04:04
In the U.K., the police department
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U Ujedinjenom kraljevstvu policija je
04:07
put 80-year-old John Kat
on a plate reader watch list
on a plate reader watch list
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80-godišnjeg John Kata stavila
na listu tablica koje se prate,
na listu tablica koje se prate,
04:11
after he had attended dozens of
lawful political demonstrations
lawful political demonstrations
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nakon što je sudjelovao u desetak
zakonitih političkih demonstracija,
zakonitih političkih demonstracija,
04:16
where he liked to sit on a bench
and sketch the attendees.
and sketch the attendees.
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tijekom kojih je sjedio na klupi
i skicirao sudionike.
i skicirao sudionike.
Čitači registracijskih tablica nisu jedina
tehnologija masivnog lokacijskog
tehnologija masivnog lokacijskog
04:20
License plate readers aren't the
only mass location tracking technology
only mass location tracking technology
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04:24
available to law enforcement agents today.
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praćenja dostupna organima
koji provode zakon.
koji provode zakon.
04:26
Through a technique known as
a cell tower dump,
a cell tower dump,
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Koristeći podatke koje prikupljaju
telekomunikacijski tornjevi,
telekomunikacijski tornjevi,
04:29
law enforcement agents can
uncover who was using
uncover who was using
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policijski organi mogu
otkriti tko je koristio
otkriti tko je koristio
04:32
one or more cell towers
at a particular time,
at a particular time,
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jedan ili više toranja
u određeno vrijeme,
u određeno vrijeme,
04:34
a technique which has been known to reveal
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tehnikom koja može otkriti
04:37
the location of tens of thousands
and even hundreds of thousands of people.
and even hundreds of thousands of people.
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lokaciju desetina tisuća
ili čak stotina tisuća ljudi.
ili čak stotina tisuća ljudi.
04:41
Also, using a device known as a StingRay,
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Također, koristeći uređaj
poznat kao "StingRay",
poznat kao "StingRay",
04:44
law enforcement agents
can send tracking signals
can send tracking signals
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policijski organi mogu poslati
signalne markere
signalne markere
04:47
inside people's houses
to identify the cell phones located there.
to identify the cell phones located there.
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kako bi identificirali mobilne
telefone koji se nalaze u kući.
telefone koji se nalaze u kući.
04:51
And if they don't know
which house to target,
which house to target,
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A ako ne znaju koju kuću
trebaju "pretražiti",
trebaju "pretražiti",
04:53
they've been known
to drive this technology
to drive this technology
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znali su je primijeniti na
čitavo susjedstvo.
čitavo susjedstvo.
04:55
around through whole neighborhoods.
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04:59
Just as the police in Ferguson possess
high-tech military weapons and equipment,
high-tech military weapons and equipment,
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Fergusonska policija posjeduje visoko
tehnološku vojnu opremu i oružje,
tehnološku vojnu opremu i oružje,
05:04
so too do police departments across
the United States
the United States
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jednako tako i policija SAD-a posjeduje
visoko tehnološku opremu za nadzor.
visoko tehnološku opremu za nadzor.
05:07
possess high-tech surveillance gear.
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05:09
Just because you don't see it,
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Samo zato što ju ne vidite,
05:11
doesn't mean it's not there.
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ne znači da ona ne postoji.
05:13
The question is, what should
we do about this?
we do about this?
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Pitanje je što bismo
mi trebali učiniti u vezi toga?
mi trebali učiniti u vezi toga?
05:16
I think this poses a serious
civil liberties threat.
civil liberties threat.
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Mislim da se ovdje radi o ozbiljnom
ugrožavanju slobode građana.
ugrožavanju slobode građana.
05:19
History has shown that once the police
have massive quantities of data,
have massive quantities of data,
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Povijest je pokazala da kada policija
posjeduje ogromne količine podataka,
posjeduje ogromne količine podataka,
05:24
tracking the movements of innocent people,
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koje dobiva praćenjem
kretanja nevinih ljudi,
kretanja nevinih ljudi,
05:26
it gets abused, maybe for blackmail,
maybe for political advantage,
maybe for political advantage,
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oni postaju pogodni za zloupotrebu, možda
za ucjenu, možda za političku prednost,
za ucjenu, možda za političku prednost,
05:30
or maybe for simple voyeurism.
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a možda zbog voajerizma.
05:32
Fortunately, there are steps we can take.
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Srećom, nešto možemo poduzeti.
05:35
Local police departments can
be governed by the city councils,
be governed by the city councils,
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Lokalnim policijskim uredima
mogu upravljati gradska vijeća,
mogu upravljati gradska vijeća,
05:38
which can pass laws requiring the police
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koja mogu izglasati zakone
koji će od policije zahtijevati
koji će od policije zahtijevati
05:41
to dispose of the data
about innocent people
about innocent people
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uništavanje podatka ljudi
koji nisu osumnjičeni,
koji nisu osumnjičeni,
05:44
while allowing the legitimate
uses of the technology to go forward.
uses of the technology to go forward.
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istodobno omogućujući napredak
zakonite uporabe tih tehnologija.
zakonite uporabe tih tehnologija.
05:47
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
(Pljesak)
05:49
(Applause).
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Catherine Crump - Attorney + privacy advocateCatherine Crump is an assistant clinical professor at Berkeley Law School who focuses on the laws around data and surveillance.
Why you should listen
Catherine Crump is a civil liberties lawyer whose work focuses on combating government surveillance and protecting the free speech rights of political protesters. She has filed cases challenging the NSA and the Department of Homeland Security. Crump is an assistant professor at Berkeley Law School; previously she was an attorney for ACLU for nine years.
In her writing for the ACLU, Crump warns against the dangers of national mass surveillance technology, which can all too easily end up as tools for local police forces. She writes, "Not only our country as a whole, but also the police, will be better off in the long run if we have an open debate about what today’s technology can do, versus what it should do."
Catherine Crump | Speaker | TED.com