TED2016
Laura Indolfi: Good news in the fight against pancreatic cancer
Laura Indolfi: 治疗胰腺癌的福音
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任何一个人如果有亲人死于胰腺癌，都知道胰腺癌对于一个其他方面都健康的人损害速度有快。Laura Indolfi，TED伙伴、生物医学企业家，正致力于研发一种革新的方式来治疗这个复杂且致命的疾病：一种给药装置，它置于肿瘤上能像笼子一样阻止肿瘤扩散，并能将药物只作用于需要的地方。“我们希望，有一天我们能使胰腺癌成为一种可治愈的疾病”，她说。
Laura Indolfi - Biomedical entrepreneur
Laura Indolfi is revolutionizing cancer treatment with new technologies including implantable devices for delivering drugs locally to the site of a tumor. Full bio
Laura Indolfi is revolutionizing cancer treatment with new technologies including implantable devices for delivering drugs locally to the site of a tumor. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
在座各位
00:14
By raising your hand,
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知道至少一个屏幕中所示的人，请举手
00:15
how many of you know
at least one person on the screen?
at least one person on the screen?
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哇，基本上每个人都举手了
00:20
Wow, it's almost a full house.
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没错，他们在各自的领域都十分有名
00:22
It's true, they are very famous
in their fields.
in their fields.
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00:24
And do you know what
all of them have in common?
all of them have in common?
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你们知道他们有什么共同点吗？
00:27
They all died of pancreatic cancer.
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他们都死于胰腺癌
00:30
However, although it's very,
very sad this news,
very sad this news,
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尽管这特别特别可悲
00:33
it's also thanks to their personal stories
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但也正是由于他们的自身经历
00:36
that we have raised awareness
of how lethal this disease can be.
of how lethal this disease can be.
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让我们意识到胰腺癌有多致命
00:40
It's become the third cause
of cancer deaths,
of cancer deaths,
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胰腺癌已成为癌症致死的第三大原因
00:43
and only eight percent of the patients
will survive beyond five years.
will survive beyond five years.
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病人的五年及以上存活率只有百分之八
00:49
That's a very tiny number,
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这个比例是极小的
尤其是和存活率接近90%的乳腺癌相比
00:51
especially if you compare it
with breast cancer,
with breast cancer,
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00:53
where the survival rate
is almost 90 percent.
is almost 90 percent.
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所以，被诊断得了胰腺癌
00:57
So it doesn't really come as a surprise
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01:00
that being diagnosed
with pancreatic cancer
with pancreatic cancer
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意味着几乎是被判了死刑
这也就不足为怪了
01:02
means facing an almost
certain death sentence.
certain death sentence.
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01:06
What's shocking, though,
is that in the last 40 years,
is that in the last 40 years,
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然而，让人震惊的是
在过去的40年，这个数字一点都没有变
01:09
this number hasn't changed a bit,
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01:12
while much more progress has been made
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而其它肿瘤的治疗已经有了长足进步
01:14
with other types of tumors.
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01:16
So how can we make pancreatic cancer
treatment more effective?
treatment more effective?
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那么我们该如何让胰腺癌治疗更有效呢？
01:20
As a biomedical entrepreneur,
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作为一名生物医学企业家
01:22
I like to work on problems
that seem impossible,
that seem impossible,
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我希望去解决那些看起来不可能解决的问题
01:25
understanding their limitations
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了解那些问题的限制因素
01:27
and trying to find new,
innovative solutions
innovative solutions
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并找到新的、创新的解决方案
01:30
that can change their outcome.
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去改变结果
01:33
The first piece of bad news
with pancreatic cancer
with pancreatic cancer
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第一个关于胰腺癌的坏消息是
01:35
is that your pancreas is in the middle
of your belly, literally.
of your belly, literally.
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胰腺正好位于腹部的中间位置
01:39
It's depicted in orange on the screen.
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如屏幕上橙色部分所示
01:41
But you can barely see it
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但是如果我不把胰腺前面的其它器官移开
01:43
until I remove all the other
organs in front.
organs in front.
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你几乎看不到它
01:47
It's also surrounded
by many other vital organs,
by many other vital organs,
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而且它被很多其它重要的器官包围着
01:50
like the liver, the stomach,
the bile duct.
the bile duct.
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譬如肝、胃、胆管
01:53
And the ability of the tumor
to grow into those organs
to grow into those organs
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肿瘤会扩散到这些器官
01:56
is the reason why pancreatic cancer
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这也胰腺癌是最痛苦的肿瘤之一的原因
01:58
is one of the most painful tumor types.
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另外，胰腺难以企及的位置
02:02
The hard-to-reach location
also prevents the doctor
also prevents the doctor
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使得医生很难采取例行的治疗方式
02:05
from surgically removing it,
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02:07
as is routinely done
for breast cancer, for example.
for breast cancer, for example.
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例如对肺癌，通过手术摘除肿瘤
上述各种原因
02:10
So all of these reasons leave
chemotherapy as the only option
chemotherapy as the only option
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使得化疗成为了胰腺癌患者的唯一选择
02:14
for the pancreatic cancer patient.
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第二个坏消息是
02:16
This brings us to the second
piece of bad news.
piece of bad news.
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胰腺癌肿瘤的血管极少
02:19
Pancreatic cancer tumors have
very few blood vessels.
very few blood vessels.
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02:23
Why should we care
about the blood vessel of a tumor?
about the blood vessel of a tumor?
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为什么我们要关心肿瘤的血管呢？
02:27
Let's think for a second
how chemotherapy works.
how chemotherapy works.
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让我们想想化疗的过程
药物被注入静脉
02:30
The drug is injected in the vein
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然后流遍整个身体直到到达肿瘤处
02:32
and it navigates throughout the body
until it reaches the tumor site.
until it reaches the tumor site.
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02:37
It's like driving on a highway,
trying to reach a destination.
trying to reach a destination.
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这就像在高速路上行驶
努力到达目的地一样
如果你的目的地在高速路上没有出口怎么办？
02:42
But what if your destination
doesn't have an exit on the highway?
doesn't have an exit on the highway?
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02:45
You will never get there.
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你将永远到不了目的地
02:47
And that's exactly the same problem
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对于化疗和胰腺癌来说也一样
02:49
for chemotherapy and pancreatic cancer.
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药物流遍你的整个身体
02:53
The drugs navigate
throughout all of your body.
throughout all of your body.
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02:55
They will reach healthy organs,
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它们进入了健康器官
给病人整体带来很高的毒副作用
02:58
resulting in high toxic effect
for the patients overall,
for the patients overall,
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但是极少药物作用到肿瘤
03:02
but very little will go to the tumor.
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因此治疗效果很有限
03:04
Therefore, the efficacy is very limited.
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我认为，为了治疗某一个器官而对全身采取治疗
03:08
To me, it seems very counterintuitive
to have a whole-body treatment
to have a whole-body treatment
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是非常有悖常理的
03:13
to target a specific organ.
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03:15
However, in the last 40 years,
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然而，在过去的40年里
大量的金钱、研究、努力被投入到
03:18
a lot of money, research
and effort have gone towards
and effort have gone towards
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03:22
finding new, powerful drugs
to treat pancreatic cancer,
to treat pancreatic cancer,
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找寻新的、药效更强的治疗胰腺癌的药物
而对于改变治疗病人的手段
03:26
but nothing has been done
in changing the way
in changing the way
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却没有任何投入
03:29
we deliver them to the patient.
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说完两个坏消息
03:32
So after two pieces of bad news,
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我想告诉你们一个好消息，希望是的
03:34
I'm going to give you
good news, hopefully.
good news, hopefully.
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03:37
With a collaborator at MIT
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通过麻省理工大学和位于波士顿的
03:39
and the Massachusetts
General Hospital in Boston,
General Hospital in Boston,
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麻省总医院的合作研究
03:42
we have revolutionized
the way we treat cancer
the way we treat cancer
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我们已经革新了治疗癌症的方式
03:45
by making localized
drug delivery a reality.
drug delivery a reality.
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使得定位给药成为现实
03:48
We are basically parachuting you
on top of your destination,
on top of your destination,
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总的来说就是，我们用降落伞将你在目的地上方直接投送出去
避免你得在高速路上七拐八拐
03:52
avoiding your having to drive
all around the highway.
all around the highway.
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我们将药物嵌入类似这样的装置中
03:55
We have embedded the drug
into devices that look like this one.
into devices that look like this one.
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04:01
They are flexible enough
that they can be folded
that they can be folded
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它们极为柔软
可以将它们折叠放入导管中
04:06
to fit into the catheter,
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医生可以通过微创手术
04:08
so the doctor can implant it
directly on top of the tumor
directly on top of the tumor
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将它直接植入肿瘤上方
04:12
with minimally invasive surgery.
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04:14
But they are solid enough
that once they are positioned
that once they are positioned
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同时这种装置又足够坚固
一旦它们被放置到肿瘤上
04:18
on top of the tumor,
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它们就像一个笼子
04:20
they will act as a cage.
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04:21
They will actually
physically prevent the tumor
physically prevent the tumor
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通过物理方式阻止肿瘤进入到其它器官
04:25
from entering other organs,
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04:26
controlling the metastasis.
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从而控制癌细胞扩散
04:30
The devices are also biodegradable.
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另外，这种装置是可生物降解的
04:32
That means that once in the body,
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也就是说，一旦进入人体
它们就开始降解
04:34
they start dissolving,
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04:36
delivering the drug only locally,
slowly and more effectively
slowly and more effectively
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定点地、缓慢地释放药物
相比于目前的全身治疗方式
04:41
than what is done with the current
whole-body treatment.
whole-body treatment.
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这种给药方式更加有效
04:45
In pre-clinical study,
we have demonstrated
we have demonstrated
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临床前研究表明
这种定位给药方式
04:48
that this localized approach
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04:50
is able to improve by 12 times
the response to treatment.
the response to treatment.
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可以提升12倍治疗效果
04:54
So we took a drug that is already known
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我们使用某已知药物
将它定点放于最需要的部位
04:57
and by just delivering it locally
where it's needed the most,
where it's needed the most,
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05:01
we allow a response
that is 12 times more powerful,
that is 12 times more powerful,
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使得治疗效果增强了12倍
05:05
reducing the systemic toxic effect.
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并且减少了对身体系统的毒副作用
我们正致力于让这项技术更上一层楼
05:09
We are working relentlessly to bring
this technology to the next level.
this technology to the next level.
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05:13
We are finalizing the pre-clinical testing
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我们即将完成临床前测试
和向食品药品监督管理局申请临床试验前
05:16
and the animal model required
prior to asking the FDA for approval
prior to asking the FDA for approval
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规定的动物实验
05:20
for clinical trials.
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目前，绝大部分胰腺癌患者都会死于此病
05:22
Currently, the majority of patients
will die from pancreatic cancer.
will die from pancreatic cancer.
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我们希望，有一天
05:28
We are hoping that one day,
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05:29
we can reduce their pain,
extend their life
extend their life
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我们可以减轻他们的痛苦，延长他们的生命
05:33
and potentially make pancreatic cancer
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使胰腺癌成为一种可治愈的疾病
05:36
a curable disease.
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反思我们的给药方式
05:38
By rethinking the way we deliver the drug,
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05:41
we don't only make it
more powerful and less toxic,
more powerful and less toxic,
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我们不仅使其更有效、更小副作用
我们也为胰腺癌患者和更多其他患者
05:44
we are also opening the door
to finding new innovative solutions
to finding new innovative solutions
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所面临的各种不可能解决的问题
05:49
for almost all other impossible problems
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打开了找寻革新解决方案的大门
05:52
in pancreatic cancer patients and beyond.
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谢谢大家
05:55
Thank you very much.
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05:56
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Laura Indolfi - Biomedical entrepreneurLaura Indolfi is revolutionizing cancer treatment with new technologies including implantable devices for delivering drugs locally to the site of a tumor.
Why you should listen
Laura Indolfi is a biomedical entrepreneur, CEO and co-founder of PanTher Therapeutics, an early stage spin-out from MIT and MGH that provides superior technologies for revolutionizing the treatment of locally advanced inoperable solid tumors. Prior to this she served as an entrepreneur-in-residence at the MGH Cancer Center and as a research associate in the Harvard-MIT Institute for Medical Engineering and Science. She was selected as a TED Fellow in 2016.
Indolfi has broad professional experiences and interests ranging from biomedical engineering to entrepreneurship and outreaching initiative to promoting science. Her scientific expertise covers a broad range of therapeutic areas (cardio, cancer, inflammation, regenerative medicine) and approaches (drug delivery, cell therapy, implanted devices). Together with her strong technical background, Laura has hands-on business and managerial know-how developed during her biomedical business training at Sloan and Harvard Business Schools and with several consulting firms. She strongly believes in the power of outreach initiatives to promote research awareness and foster the public audience's discovery of the beauty of science. In 2014 the line of clothes Cytocouture, created in collaboration with Colombian designer Carlos Villamil and inspired by her cell-therapy research, won the global competition Descience.
Indolfi holds a MS/BS degree in materials science and engineering and a PhD in biomaterials from the University of Naples Federico II in Italy. Upon graduation, she joined the Harvard-MIT Division of health, science and technology, working on several projects spanning from devices for local drug delivery to tissue engineering approaches for cell therapies.
Laura Indolfi | Speaker | TED.com