TED2016
Laura Indolfi: Good news in the fight against pancreatic cancer
蘿拉．安多芙: 打擊胰腺癌的好消息
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任何因為有愛的人死於胰腺癌的人都知道，胰腺癌對健康的身體可產生多快的破壞。 TED 研究會員和生物醫學企業家 蘿拉．安多芙 (Laura Indolfi) 正在發展一個革命性的方法來治療這個複雜且致命的疾病。一種像籠子一樣的裝置，可把藥物送到腫瘤位置，來避免腫瘤擴散。 她說：「我們希望有一天胰腺癌會是一個可治的疾病。」
Laura Indolfi - Biomedical entrepreneur
Laura Indolfi is revolutionizing cancer treatment with new technologies including implantable devices for delivering drugs locally to the site of a tumor. Full bio
Laura Indolfi is revolutionizing cancer treatment with new technologies including implantable devices for delivering drugs locally to the site of a tumor. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:14
By raising your hand,
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在座的各位至少認識
00:15
how many of you know
at least one person on the screen?
at least one person on the screen?
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一位螢幕上的人請舉手。
00:20
Wow, it's almost a full house.
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哇, 基本上每個人都舉手了。
00:22
It's true, they are very famous
in their fields.
in their fields.
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他們在各自的領域都十分有名。
00:24
And do you know what
all of them have in common?
all of them have in common?
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你們知道他們有什麼共同點嗎?
00:27
They all died of pancreatic cancer.
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他們都死於胰腺癌。
00:30
However, although it's very,
very sad this news,
very sad this news,
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雖然這是很糟的一件事，
00:33
it's also thanks to their personal stories
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但是正因為他們的故事
00:36
that we have raised awareness
of how lethal this disease can be.
of how lethal this disease can be.
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才使我們注意到胰腺癌有多致命。
00:40
It's become the third cause
of cancer deaths,
of cancer deaths,
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在由癌症導致的死亡中，胰腺癌死亡率位居第三，
00:43
and only eight percent of the patients
will survive beyond five years.
will survive beyond five years.
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患有胰腺癌的病人只有8％可以活到五年以上。
00:49
That's a very tiny number,
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這個數字幾乎微不足道。
00:51
especially if you compare it
with breast cancer,
with breast cancer,
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特別是跟乳腺癌比起來。
00:53
where the survival rate
is almost 90 percent.
is almost 90 percent.
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乳腺癌的存活率幾乎達到百分之九十。
00:57
So it doesn't really come as a surprise
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所以，
被診斷出胰腺癌即幾乎意味著死亡
01:00
that being diagnosed
with pancreatic cancer
with pancreatic cancer
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01:02
means facing an almost
certain death sentence.
certain death sentence.
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並不十分令人吃驚。
01:06
What's shocking, though,
is that in the last 40 years,
is that in the last 40 years,
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讓人驚訝的是，
過去40年裡，
01:09
this number hasn't changed a bit,
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腫瘤治療的各個領域都有了突飛猛進的發展，
01:12
while much more progress has been made
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01:14
with other types of tumors.
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然而有關胰腺癌的數據一直沒有產生多大改變。
01:16
So how can we make pancreatic cancer
treatment more effective?
treatment more effective?
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我們如何能使對胰線癌的治療更有效?
01:20
As a biomedical entrepreneur,
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作為生物醫學的企業家，
01:22
I like to work on problems
that seem impossible,
that seem impossible,
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我喜歡挑戰看起來不可能的問題，
01:25
understanding their limitations
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了解它們的限制，
01:27
and trying to find new,
innovative solutions
innovative solutions
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並試著找出創新的解決方法，
01:30
that can change their outcome.
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从而改變现有的結果。
01:33
The first piece of bad news
with pancreatic cancer
with pancreatic cancer
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乳腺癌的存活率幾乎達到百分之九十。
01:35
is that your pancreas is in the middle
of your belly, literally.
of your belly, literally.
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胰臟差不多位於你肚子的正中間。
01:39
It's depicted in orange on the screen.
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它是在螢幕上橘色的部份。
01:41
But you can barely see it
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但幾乎很難被看見，
01:43
until I remove all the other
organs in front.
organs in front.
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除非把其他在前面的內臟都拿開。
01:47
It's also surrounded
by many other vital organs,
by many other vital organs,
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它也被其他許多重要的內臟包圍，
01:50
like the liver, the stomach,
the bile duct.
the bile duct.
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例如肝，胃，膽管。
01:53
And the ability of the tumor
to grow into those organs
to grow into those organs
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讓腫瘤有機會長到那些器管裏，
01:56
is the reason why pancreatic cancer
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這就是為什麼胰腺癌
01:58
is one of the most painful tumor types.
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是最痛苦的腫瘤之一。
02:02
The hard-to-reach location
also prevents the doctor
also prevents the doctor
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以乳腺癌為例，腫瘤一般採取收摘除的方法。
02:05
from surgically removing it,
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然而胰腺難以觸及的位置
02:07
as is routinely done
for breast cancer, for example.
for breast cancer, for example.
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使得手術摘除不再是一個合理的選項。
02:10
So all of these reasons leave
chemotherapy as the only option
chemotherapy as the only option
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這些原因導致化療成了
02:14
for the pancreatic cancer patient.
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胰腺癌患者唯一的選擇。
02:16
This brings us to the second
piece of bad news.
piece of bad news.
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這帶給我們第二個壞消息，
02:19
Pancreatic cancer tumors have
very few blood vessels.
very few blood vessels.
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胰腺腫瘤有很少的血管。
02:23
Why should we care
about the blood vessel of a tumor?
about the blood vessel of a tumor?
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為什麼我們要注意腫瘤血管的問題?
02:27
Let's think for a second
how chemotherapy works.
how chemotherapy works.
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讓我們想一下化療是怎麼作用的。
02:30
The drug is injected in the vein
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化療的藥物被注射到靜脈裏，
02:32
and it navigates throughout the body
until it reaches the tumor site.
until it reaches the tumor site.
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它通過整個身體直到到逹腫瘤處。
02:37
It's like driving on a highway,
trying to reach a destination.
trying to reach a destination.
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像在高速公路開車，試著到逹目的地。
02:42
But what if your destination
doesn't have an exit on the highway?
doesn't have an exit on the highway?
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但是你的目的地並没有出口怎麼辦?
02:45
You will never get there.
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你就永遠到不了目的地。
02:47
And that's exactly the same problem
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這就是用化療治療
02:49
for chemotherapy and pancreatic cancer.
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胰腺癌的問題的所在。
02:53
The drugs navigate
throughout all of your body.
throughout all of your body.
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化療的藥物通過整個身體，
02:55
They will reach healthy organs,
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會接觸到健康的內臟，
02:58
resulting in high toxic effect
for the patients overall,
for the patients overall,
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會讓毒性作用在病人的全身上下，
03:02
but very little will go to the tumor.
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但只有非常少數會到逹腫瘤裏面。
03:04
Therefore, the efficacy is very limited.
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因此療效非常地有限。
03:08
To me, it seems very counterintuitive
to have a whole-body treatment
to have a whole-body treatment
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對我來說，只需針對特定的器官，
03:13
to target a specific organ.
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卻採用讓全身接受治療是有悖常理。
03:15
However, in the last 40 years,
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然而， 在過去40年，
03:18
a lot of money, research
and effort have gone towards
and effort have gone towards
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大量的時間、研究和努力都被投入到了
03:22
finding new, powerful drugs
to treat pancreatic cancer,
to treat pancreatic cancer,
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尋找新的、能更有效地治療胰腺癌的藥物。
03:26
but nothing has been done
in changing the way
in changing the way
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但卻沒有在改變將藥物送達患處的方式上
03:29
we deliver them to the patient.
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做出更多的嘗試。
03:32
So after two pieces of bad news,
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接連兩個壞消息之後，
03:34
I'm going to give you
good news, hopefully.
good news, hopefully.
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希望我能在給各位一些好消息。
03:37
With a collaborator at MIT
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經過同一名来自麻省理工大学的研究人员
03:39
and the Massachusetts
General Hospital in Boston,
General Hospital in Boston,
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與波士頓的麻州綜合醫院的共同研究，
03:42
we have revolutionized
the way we treat cancer
the way we treat cancer
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我們有了革命性的治療癌症的方法，
03:45
by making localized
drug delivery a reality.
drug delivery a reality.
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讓藥只在局部上作用的方法成真。
03:48
We are basically parachuting you
on top of your destination,
on top of your destination,
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我們讓你空降在目的地的正上方，
03:52
avoiding your having to drive
all around the highway.
all around the highway.
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從而避免你在高速上四處亂轉。
03:55
We have embedded the drug
into devices that look like this one.
into devices that look like this one.
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我們把藥嵌入在你看到的這個裝置。
04:01
They are flexible enough
that they can be folded
that they can be folded
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它很有彈性，
04:06
to fit into the catheter,
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可以折起來放入導管之中，
04:08
so the doctor can implant it
directly on top of the tumor
directly on top of the tumor
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因此醫生可以用微創手術，
04:12
with minimally invasive surgery.
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直接放入腫瘤上面。
04:14
But they are solid enough
that once they are positioned
that once they are positioned
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它一旦放入又足夠穩固
04:18
on top of the tumor,
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在腫瘤的上面，
04:20
they will act as a cage.
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作用像一個籠子一樣。
04:21
They will actually
physically prevent the tumor
physically prevent the tumor
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它可以實際上防止腫瘤
04:25
from entering other organs,
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進入到其他器官裏。
04:26
controlling the metastasis.
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進而控制腫瘤移轉。
04:30
The devices are also biodegradable.
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這個裝置也可以被生物分解。
04:32
That means that once in the body,
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這意味從裝置被放入身體，
04:34
they start dissolving,
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它們就會開始溶解，
04:36
delivering the drug only locally,
slowly and more effectively
slowly and more effectively
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相比目前針對整個身體的療法，
04:41
than what is done with the current
whole-body treatment.
whole-body treatment.
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這樣可以使藥物慢而有效的被運送到局部。
04:45
In pre-clinical study,
we have demonstrated
we have demonstrated
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臨床研究中，
04:48
that this localized approach
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我們證明了這種定點治療的方法
04:50
is able to improve by 12 times
the response to treatment.
the response to treatment.
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可以使療效提升十二倍。
04:54
So we took a drug that is already known
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我們拿已經知道的藥，
04:57
and by just delivering it locally
where it's needed the most,
where it's needed the most,
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把它放在最需要的局部部位，
05:01
we allow a response
that is 12 times more powerful,
that is 12 times more powerful,
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讓它有12倍強的作用能力，
05:05
reducing the systemic toxic effect.
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同時減輕了對身體系統的有毒影響。
05:09
We are working relentlessly to bring
this technology to the next level.
this technology to the next level.
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我們不懈努力為了使科技更上一層樓。
05:13
We are finalizing the pre-clinical testing
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我們正在做最終確定的臨床測試，
05:16
and the animal model required
prior to asking the FDA for approval
prior to asking the FDA for approval
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動物實驗還有待美國藥物管理局
05:20
for clinical trials.
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對臨床試驗的認可。
05:22
Currently, the majority of patients
will die from pancreatic cancer.
will die from pancreatic cancer.
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目前，大部份的胰腺癌病患會面臨死亡。
05:28
We are hoping that one day,
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我們希望有一天，
05:29
we can reduce their pain,
extend their life
extend their life
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能減少他們的痛苦，延長他們的壽命，
05:33
and potentially make pancreatic cancer
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並可能使胰腺癌成為
05:36
a curable disease.
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一個可治之症。
05:38
By rethinking the way we deliver the drug,
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經由再次思考用藥方式，
05:41
we don't only make it
more powerful and less toxic,
more powerful and less toxic,
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我們不僅使藥更有效也更少毒害，
05:44
we are also opening the door
to finding new innovative solutions
to finding new innovative solutions
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在解決治愈胰腺癌患
05:49
for almost all other impossible problems
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甚至更多領域不可能完成的问题，
05:52
in pancreatic cancer patients and beyond.
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找到了創新的解决方式。
05:55
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝大家。
05:56
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Laura Indolfi - Biomedical entrepreneurLaura Indolfi is revolutionizing cancer treatment with new technologies including implantable devices for delivering drugs locally to the site of a tumor.
Why you should listen
Laura Indolfi is a biomedical entrepreneur, CEO and co-founder of PanTher Therapeutics, an early stage spin-out from MIT and MGH that provides superior technologies for revolutionizing the treatment of locally advanced inoperable solid tumors. Prior to this she served as an entrepreneur-in-residence at the MGH Cancer Center and as a research associate in the Harvard-MIT Institute for Medical Engineering and Science. She was selected as a TED Fellow in 2016.
Indolfi has broad professional experiences and interests ranging from biomedical engineering to entrepreneurship and outreaching initiative to promoting science. Her scientific expertise covers a broad range of therapeutic areas (cardio, cancer, inflammation, regenerative medicine) and approaches (drug delivery, cell therapy, implanted devices). Together with her strong technical background, Laura has hands-on business and managerial know-how developed during her biomedical business training at Sloan and Harvard Business Schools and with several consulting firms. She strongly believes in the power of outreach initiatives to promote research awareness and foster the public audience's discovery of the beauty of science. In 2014 the line of clothes Cytocouture, created in collaboration with Colombian designer Carlos Villamil and inspired by her cell-therapy research, won the global competition Descience.
Indolfi holds a MS/BS degree in materials science and engineering and a PhD in biomaterials from the University of Naples Federico II in Italy. Upon graduation, she joined the Harvard-MIT Division of health, science and technology, working on several projects spanning from devices for local drug delivery to tissue engineering approaches for cell therapies.
Laura Indolfi | Speaker | TED.com