TED2016
Andrew Youn: 3 reasons why we can win the fight against poverty
Andrew Youn: 人类能够战胜贫穷的三个理由
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
1,337,947 views
世界贫困人口中，半数都有一个共同点：他们都是贫农。在这个开阔视野的演讲中，活动家Andrew Youn展示了他的组织——一亩基金，怎样通过运输农业物资和提供服务，来帮助这些农民脱贫，而这些物资早已在世界范围内被使用。带着‘我们永远无法解决饥饿和极端贫困’的想法看这个演讲，看完你会对解决这个世界上最严重的问题产生新的理解。
Andrew Youn - Social entrepreneur
With One Acre Fund, Andrew Youn fights poverty in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. Full bio
With One Acre Fund, Andrew Youn fights poverty in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I've been living in rural East Africa
for about 10 years,
for about 10 years,
0
1166
3070
我在非洲的乡村生活了差不多10年，
00:16
and I want to share a field perspective
with you on global poverty.
with you on global poverty.
1
4260
3180
我想和你们分享关于全球贫困的前景。
00:19
I believe that the greatest failure
of the human race
of the human race
2
7934
2574
我认为人类最大的失败
00:22
is the fact that we've left more than
one billion of our members behind.
one billion of our members behind.
3
10532
3406
是我们罔顾了十多亿我们的同类。
00:26
Hungry, extreme poverty:
4
14335
2342
饥饿，极端贫穷：
00:28
these often seem like gigantic,
insurmountable problems,
insurmountable problems,
5
16701
3288
这些巨大的无法驾驭的问题，
看起来已经严重到无法解决。
00:32
too big to solve.
6
20013
1433
00:34
But as a field practitioner,
7
22006
1709
但是从实践的角度，
00:35
I believe these are actually
very solvable problems
very solvable problems
8
23739
2804
我相信这些都是非常有可能解决的问题，
00:38
if we just take the right strategies.
9
26567
2441
只需采取正确的战略。
00:42
Archimedes was an ancient Greek thinker,
10
30390
2115
阿基米德是古希腊的思想家，
00:44
and he taught us that if we lean
on the right levers,
on the right levers,
11
32529
2484
他教会我们 ‘如果用对杠杆的话，
我们可以翘起地球。’
00:47
we can move the world.
12
35037
1410
00:48
In the fight against extreme poverty,
I believe there are three powerful levers
I believe there are three powerful levers
13
36959
3716
在与极端贫穷的抗争中，我相信有以下三个
我们可以依靠的有力杠杆。
00:52
that we can lean on.
14
40699
1373
00:54
This talk is all about those levers,
and why they make poverty
and why they make poverty
15
42096
3002
这个演讲就是关于这些杠杆的，
以及为什么它们可以战胜贫穷。
00:57
a winnable fight in our lifetimes.
16
45122
2085
什么是极端贫穷？
00:59
What is extreme poverty?
17
47994
1402
当我第一次到达东非农村的时候，
01:02
When I first moved to rural East Africa,
18
50287
1945
01:04
I stayed overnight with a farm family.
19
52256
1900
在一个农民家庭里住了一晚。
他们都是很好的人。
01:06
They were wonderful people.
20
54629
2100
他们邀请我去家里。
01:08
They invited me into their home.
We sang songs together
We sang songs together
21
56753
2872
我们一起唱歌，吃了简单的晚餐，
01:11
and ate a simple dinner.
22
59649
1151
01:12
They gave me a blanket
to sleep on the floor.
to sleep on the floor.
23
60824
2104
他们还给我毯子铺在地上睡觉。
01:15
In the morning, however,
there was nothing to eat.
there was nothing to eat.
24
63359
2379
然而到了早上，什么吃的都没有。
01:18
And then at lunchtime, I watched
with an increasingly sick feeling
with an increasingly sick feeling
25
66265
3437
然后到了午餐时间，家里的大女儿煮了一些
01:22
as the eldest girl in the family
cooked porridge as a substitute for lunch.
cooked porridge as a substitute for lunch.
26
70041
4092
让人看到有些反胃的粥，当作午饭。
那一餐中，每个孩子都只喝一杯粥果腹。
01:26
For that meal, every child
drank one cup to survive.
drank one cup to survive.
27
74703
4204
当他们也递给我一杯的时候，
01:31
And I cannot tell you how ashamed I felt
28
79575
1990
我惭愧的无以言表。
01:33
when they handed one of those cups to me,
29
81589
1963
01:35
and I knew I had to accept
their hospitality.
their hospitality.
30
83576
2472
然而我必须接受他们的款待。
01:38
Children need food not only to survive
but also to grow physically and mentally.
but also to grow physically and mentally.
31
86781
3980
食物之于孩子，不仅仅用来果腹，还用来发育身体和智力。
01:43
Every day they fail to eat,
they lose a little bit of their future.
they lose a little bit of their future.
32
91265
3166
对他们来说，多一天饥饿，就少一点未来。
在极度贫穷中，每三个孩子中就有一个，
01:47
Amongst the extreme poor,
one in three children
one in three children
33
95114
2882
01:50
are permanently stunted
from a lifetime of not eating enough.
from a lifetime of not eating enough.
34
98020
3600
由于食物短缺而造成终生发育不良。
贫穷带来的医疗资源短缺，
01:54
When that's combined
with poor access to health care,
with poor access to health care,
35
102326
2512
01:56
one in 10 extremely poor children
die before they reach age five.
die before they reach age five.
36
104862
4460
让十分之一的孩子在5岁之前夭折。
只有四分之一的孩子完成了高中学业，
02:01
And only one quarter of children
complete high school
complete high school
37
109819
2537
因为剩下的四分之三交不起学费。
02:04
because they lack school fees.
38
112380
1504
饥饿和极度贫穷，
02:05
Hunger and extreme poverty curb
human potential in every possible way.
human potential in every possible way.
39
113908
5772
从各方面极大地遏制了人类的发展潜力。
02:12
We see ourselves as a thinking,
feeling and moral human race,
feeling and moral human race,
40
120771
4290
我们自认为是有思想、有感受、有道德的人类，
但如果我们不为自己的同类解决这些问题，
02:17
but until we solve these problems
for all of our members,
for all of our members,
41
125085
3035
我们就汗颜于这个标准。
02:20
we fail that standard,
42
128144
1685
02:22
because every person
on this planet matters.
on this planet matters.
43
130332
2342
因为这个星球上的每个人都重要。
02:24
This child matters.
44
132698
1792
这个孩子，重要，
02:27
These children matter.
45
135125
1759
这些孩子，重要，
02:29
This girl matters.
46
137638
1804
这个女孩儿，也重要。
02:32
You know, we see things like this,
47
140209
1689
当看到这些的时候，
02:33
and we're upset by them,
48
141922
1577
我们为他们感到难过，
我们意识到了问题的严重性，
02:35
but they seem like such big problems.
49
143523
1802
02:37
We don't know how
to take effective action.
to take effective action.
50
145349
2835
但却不知道采取什么样的有效行动。
还记得我们的朋友阿基米德吗？
02:40
But remember our friend Archimedes.
51
148893
1897
解决全球贫困有一个有力的杠杆，
02:43
Global poverty has powerful levers.
52
151572
2328
与其它问题无异。
02:45
It's a problem like any other.
53
153924
1589
02:48
I live and work in the field,
and as a practitioner,
and as a practitioner,
54
156023
2446
做为生活和工作在这一领域的实践者，
02:50
I believe these are very
solvable problems.
solvable problems.
55
158493
2803
我相信这些问题都可以解决。
接下来的十分钟，
02:53
So for the next 10 minutes,
56
161320
1481
02:54
let's not be sad
about the state of the world.
about the state of the world.
57
162825
2154
让我们停止悲伤，
02:57
Let's engage our brains.
58
165003
1500
让我们转向头脑，
02:58
Let's engage our collective passion
for problem-solving
for problem-solving
59
166858
2745
凝聚我们的热情来解决问题，
03:01
and figure out what those levers are.
60
169627
2189
来找出那些杠杆。
03:04
Lever number one: most
of the world's poor are farmers.
of the world's poor are farmers.
61
172416
3153
杠杆一：世界上最穷的人中，大部分是农民。
03:08
Think about how extraordinary this is.
62
176157
2063
想想看这有多么不寻常。
如果这张图代表了世界范围的穷人，
03:10
If this picture represents
the world's poor,
the world's poor,
63
178244
2461
03:12
then more than half engage in farming
as a major source of income.
as a major source of income.
64
180729
3305
那么这中间有超过一半儿的人，他们的主要收入来自耕种。
03:16
This gets me really excited.
65
184368
1927
这一发现让我很振奋。
03:18
All of these people, one profession.
66
186319
2352
所有这些人，拥有同一种职业。
03:21
Think how powerful this is.
67
189247
1456
如此大的力量。
03:22
When farmers become more productive,
then more than half the world's poor
then more than half the world's poor
68
190727
3518
如果农民的生产力提高，那么世界上贫困人口中有
一半人的收入将会增加，并且脱离贫困。
03:26
earn more money and climb out of poverty.
69
194269
2404
03:28
And it gets better.
70
196697
1220
不仅如此，
03:29
The product of farming
is, of course, food.
is, of course, food.
71
197941
2255
耕种的产品是食物。
因此当农民的生产力提高，他们获得更多食物。
03:32
So when farmers become more productive,
they earn more food,
they earn more food,
72
200220
3605
03:35
and they don't just help themselves,
73
203849
1721
除了喂饱自己，
他们还可以向其它地区供应粮食，同时振兴了经济。
03:37
but they help to feed healthy communities
and thriving economies.
and thriving economies.
74
205594
3226
03:41
And when farmers become more productive,
they reduce environmental pressure.
they reduce environmental pressure.
75
209228
3573
当农民的生产力提高，环境压力也随之降低。
解决全球粮食问题只有两种办法：
03:45
We only have two ways
we can feed the world:
we can feed the world:
76
213443
2282
03:47
we can either make our existing farmland
a lot more productive,
a lot more productive,
77
215749
3323
要么极大提升现有耕种土地的出产率，
要么伐木逐原，创造更多的耕地，
03:51
or we can clear cut forest and savannah
to make more farmland,
to make more farmland,
78
219096
3280
03:54
which would be environmentally disastrous.
79
222400
2250
使环境变得更糟。
03:57
Farmers are basically
a really important leverage point.
a really important leverage point.
80
225688
3312
农民可以说是最重要的杠杆支点。
当农民的生产力提高，
04:01
When farmers become more productive,
81
229496
1933
04:03
they earn more income,
they climb out of poverty,
they climb out of poverty,
82
231453
2611
收入也随之提高，脱离了贫穷，
他们不仅养活了自己的社区，还减少了环境压力。
04:06
they feed their communities and they
reduce environmental land pressure.
reduce environmental land pressure.
83
234088
4075
04:10
Farmers stand at the center of the world.
84
238187
2645
农民是世界的中心。
04:14
And not a farmer like this one,
85
242306
1700
通常，农民不是这样的，
而是像这位女士一样。
04:16
but rather this lady.
86
244030
1595
04:18
Most of the farmers I know
are actually women.
are actually women.
87
246055
2156
事实上我认识的大部分农民都是女性。
看她身上的力量，和传递出的愿望。
04:20
Look at the strength and the will
radiating from this woman.
radiating from this woman.
88
248699
3272
04:23
She is physically strong, mentally tough,
89
251995
2212
她身体强壮，精神顽强，
04:26
and she will do whatever it takes
to earn a better life for her children.
to earn a better life for her children.
90
254231
3431
为了让孩子生活的更好，她可以做任何事情。
如果非要将人类的未来交到某个人手里，
04:29
If we're going to put the future
of humanity in one person's hands,
of humanity in one person's hands,
91
257686
3144
那么我真心希望那个人是她。
04:32
then I'm really glad it's her.
92
260854
1813
04:34
(Applause)
93
262691
5410
（掌声）
只是有一个问题：
04:40
There's just one problem:
94
268125
1256
04:41
many smallholder farmers
lack access to basic tools and knowledge.
lack access to basic tools and knowledge.
95
269405
4743
许多贫农很难获得最基本的工具和知识。
目前，他们从上一年的存粮里拿出一点，用来播种，
04:46
Currently, they take a little bit
of saved food grain from the prior year,
of saved food grain from the prior year,
96
274748
3688
这一切都是手工用锄头完成的。
04:50
they plant it in the ground
and they till it with a manual hand hoe.
and they till it with a manual hand hoe.
97
278460
3380
04:53
These are tools and techniques
that date to the Bronze Age,
that date to the Bronze Age,
98
281864
2765
这些都是青铜器时代的工具和技术，
04:56
and it's why many farmers
are still very poor.
are still very poor.
99
284653
2938
这就是为什么许多农民，一直无法摆脱贫穷。
但是好消息是，
05:00
But good news, again.
100
288755
1382
05:02
Lever number two:
101
290161
1151
我们有第二个杠杆：
05:03
humanity actually solved the problem
of agricultural poverty a century ago.
of agricultural poverty a century ago.
102
291336
4366
事实上，早在一个世纪前，人类就解决了农业贫困的问题。
让我们来复习一下农业中的三个基本元素。
05:08
Let me walk you through the three
most basic factors in farming.
most basic factors in farming.
103
296449
3023
05:11
First, hybrid seed is created
when you cross two seeds together.
when you cross two seeds together.
104
299944
4397
第一，杂交种子是将两种种子结合在一起。
05:16
If you naturally pollinate
a high-yielding variety
a high-yielding variety
105
304365
2804
如果将高产品种和抗旱品种自然杂交，
05:19
together with a drought-resistant variety,
106
307193
2311
得到的是继承了母本和父本优秀性状的杂交品种。
05:21
you get a hybrid that inherits
positive traits from both of its parents.
positive traits from both of its parents.
107
309528
3838
然后是传统肥料，如果以负责任的态度使用的话，
05:25
Next, conventional fertilizer,
if used responsibly,
if used responsibly,
108
313390
3697
05:29
is environmentally sustainable.
109
317111
1799
是环保、可持续发展的。
05:31
If you micro-dose
just a pinch of fertilizer
just a pinch of fertilizer
110
319433
2994
即便只是捏一小撮，
洒在比我还高的植物上，
05:34
to a plant that's taller than I am,
111
322451
2084
将会得到巨大的产量。
05:36
you unlock enormous yield gain.
112
324559
2174
05:39
These are known as farm inputs.
113
327118
1704
这些就是农业投入。
05:41
Farm inputs need to be combined
with good practice.
with good practice.
114
329241
2600
农业投入需要与良好的实践相结合。
05:43
When you space your seeds
and plant with massive amounts of compost,
and plant with massive amounts of compost,
115
331865
4094
播种或种植之后使用大量的堆肥，
农作物的产量会倍增。
05:47
farmers multiply their harvests.
116
335983
2553
05:50
These proven tools and practices
have more than tripled
have more than tripled
117
338946
2576
这些工具和实践，在世界范围的许多地区，
05:53
agricultural productivity
in every major region of the world,
in every major region of the world,
118
341546
3048
使农作物产量成三倍增长，
05:56
moving mass numbers of people
out of poverty.
out of poverty.
119
344618
2773
使大量人民脱离贫困。
05:59
We just haven't finished delivering
these things to everybody just yet,
these things to everybody just yet,
120
347928
3339
但是我们并没有把这些知识传递给所有人，
尤其是非洲撒哈拉以南的地区。
06:03
particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
121
351291
1741
06:05
So overall, this is amazing news.
122
353925
1722
总的来说，这是好消息。
06:07
Humanity actually solved
agricultural poverty a century ago,
agricultural poverty a century ago,
123
355671
3556
事实上，人类在一个世纪前就解决了农业贫困，
不过是理论上的。
06:11
in theory.
124
359677
1207
06:12
We just haven't delivered these things
to everybody just yet.
to everybody just yet.
125
360908
2924
我们还没有将这些知识教给所有人。
06:16
In this century, the reason
that people remain poor
that people remain poor
126
364354
2387
本世纪中，使得人们还留在贫困中的，
也许是因为他们居住在闭塞的地区。
06:18
is because maybe they live
in remote places.
in remote places.
127
366765
2206
06:20
They lack access to these things.
128
368995
2095
他们无法得知这些知识。
06:24
Therefore, ending poverty
is simply a matter
is simply a matter
129
372154
2561
因此想要结束贫困，
只需要向人们提供这些已知有效的工具和服务。
06:26
of delivering proven goods
and services to people.
and services to people.
130
374739
3422
不需要天才，
06:30
We don't need more genius types right now.
131
378185
2298
谦卑的传递者，就可以在我们有生之年里结束全球贫困。
06:32
The humble delivery guy is going
to end global poverty in our lifetime.
to end global poverty in our lifetime.
132
380507
4449
06:38
So these are the three levers,
133
386088
1488
所以这就是三个杠杆，
而最有力的一个，是简单的传递。
06:39
and the most powerful lever
is simply delivery.
is simply delivery.
134
387600
2653
06:43
Wherever the world's companies,
governments and nonprofits
governments and nonprofits
135
391033
3287
无论在哪儿，公司、政府、慈善组织，
只要传递改善生活的产品，
06:46
set up delivery networks
for life-improving goods,
for life-improving goods,
136
394344
2699
06:49
we eliminate poverty.
137
397400
2141
我们就可以消灭贫穷。
06:52
OK, so that sounds really nice in theory,
138
400023
1993
好吧，理论上听起来不错，
06:54
but what about in practice?
139
402040
1290
但是实践起来呢？
06:55
What do these delivery networks look like?
140
403354
2002
运输网络看起来如何？
06:58
I want to share the concrete example
that I know best,
that I know best,
141
406006
2535
我想分享一个我很了解的具体案例，
07:00
my organization, One Acre Fund.
142
408565
1911
我的组织，‘一亩基金’。
07:03
We only serve the farmer,
143
411165
1395
我们只为农民服务，
07:04
and our job is to provide her
with the tools that she needs to succeed.
with the tools that she needs to succeed.
144
412584
3365
我们的工作是向她提供所需的工具。
07:08
We start off by delivering farm inputs
to really rural places.
to really rural places.
145
416284
2954
最开始，我们向那些真正贫穷的乡村输送耕地知识。
07:11
Now, this may appear
initially very challenging,
initially very challenging,
146
419262
2266
刚开始看起来非常具有挑战性，
但可行性非常高。我来展示给你们看。
07:13
but it's pretty possible. Let me show you.
147
421552
2211
07:15
We buy farm inputs with the combined power
of our farmer network,
of our farmer network,
148
423787
3060
在网络内的农民的帮助下，我们购买农业投入物资，
并把他们储存在20个像这样的仓库里。
07:18
and store it in 20 warehouses like this.
149
426871
2319
07:21
Then, during input delivery,
we rent hundreds of 10-ton trucks
we rent hundreds of 10-ton trucks
150
429638
3976
为了运输物资，我们租用上百辆10吨载重量的卡车，
07:25
and send them out to where farmers
are waiting in the field.
are waiting in the field.
151
433638
2838
把它们送到，在地里等着的农民们的手里。
07:28
They then get their individual orders
and walk it home to their farms.
and walk it home to their farms.
152
436953
3438
当拿到了各自的订单到了之后，它们就将其带回自家的农场里。
07:32
It's kind of like Amazon
for rural farmers.
for rural farmers.
153
440415
2467
这有点儿像是农民版的亚马逊。
07:35
Importantly, realistic delivery
also includes finance, a way to pay.
also includes finance, a way to pay.
154
443694
4818
重要的是，实际传递的还不只是物资，还有更周到的付费方式。
07:40
Farmers pay us little by little over time,
covering most of our expenses.
covering most of our expenses.
155
448536
4453
农民们会分期每次付给我们一点儿，这承担了我们大部分费用。
07:45
And then we surround
all that with training.
all that with training.
156
453587
2137
然后这笔费用被我们用来投入培训。
07:48
Our rural field officers
deliver practical, hands-on training
deliver practical, hands-on training
157
456151
3651
我们的农地办事员，为地里的农民
提供实用的、手把手的培训。
07:51
to farmers in the field
158
459826
1405
每两周一次。
07:53
every two weeks.
159
461255
1545
07:55
Wherever we deliver our services,
farmers use these tools
farmers use these tools
160
463496
3584
我们提供服务的地方，农民都用这些工具
07:59
to climb out of poverty.
161
467104
1570
来脱离贫穷。
08:01
This is a farmer
in our program, Consolata.
in our program, Consolata.
162
469193
2424
这就是我们项目中其中一个农民，康索拉达。
08:04
Look at the pride on her face.
163
472033
1843
看她脸上那自豪的表情。
08:06
She has achieved a modest prosperity
that I believe is the human right
that I believe is the human right
164
474212
3658
她达到了一定程度的繁荣，
我相信这是地球上任何一个劳作者的人权。
08:09
of every hardworking person on the planet.
165
477894
2613
08:13
Today, I'm proud to say that we're serving
about 400,000 farmers like Consolata.
about 400,000 farmers like Consolata.
166
481264
4902
今天，我可以自豪地说，我们服务了四十万个像康索拉达一样的农民。
08:18
(Applause)
167
486190
5667
（掌声）
08:23
The key to doing this
is scalable delivery.
is scalable delivery.
168
491881
2278
做到这点的关键，是扩展性传递。
08:26
In any given area, we hire
a rural field officer
a rural field officer
169
494482
2889
在每一个指定地区，我们都雇用一名田间办事员，
08:29
who delivers our services
to 200 farmers, on average,
to 200 farmers, on average,
170
497395
3156
来向平均200名农民运送我们的服务，
08:32
with more than 1,000 people
living in those families.
living in those families.
171
500575
2851
这200名农民的家人总数超过1000人。
08:35
Today, we have 2,000
of these rural field officers
of these rural field officers
172
503805
3431
今天，我们有2000名这样的田间办事员，
08:39
growing very quickly.
173
507260
1381
并且还在不断增多。
08:40
This is our delivery army,
174
508665
1807
这就是我们的传递 ‘武器’，
08:42
and we're just one organization.
175
510991
1667
而我们只是其中一个组织。
08:44
There are many companies,
governments and nonprofits
governments and nonprofits
176
512682
3164
还有许多其它的公司、政府和非盈利组织，
它们都有像这样的传递 ‘武器’。
08:47
that have delivery armies just like this.
177
515870
2211
并且我相信，我们所处的时代，
08:50
And I believe we stand at a moment in time
178
518105
2046
08:52
where collectively, we are capable of
delivering farm services to all farmers.
delivering farm services to all farmers.
179
520175
4903
通过集体努力，我们有能力做到，向所有农民提供服务。
08:57
Let me show you how possible this is.
180
525755
1777
让我向你们展示这个可能性。
08:59
This is a map of Sub-Saharan Africa,
181
527960
1869
这是非洲撒哈拉以南的地图，
09:01
with a map of the United States for scale.
182
529853
2105
以及等比例的美国地图。
09:03
I chose Sub-Saharan Africa because
this is a huge delivery territory.
this is a huge delivery territory.
183
531982
3388
我选择非洲撒哈拉以南，是因为这是一个巨大的运送范围。
09:07
It's very challenging.
184
535394
1173
非常具有挑战性。
09:09
But we analyzed every 50-mile
by 50-mile block on the continent,
by 50-mile block on the continent,
185
537248
3653
但是通过把它拆分成50英里的区域进行分析，
09:13
and we found that half of farmers
live in just these shaded regions.
live in just these shaded regions.
186
541292
4605
我们发现有一半的农民都生活在阴影区域。
合在一起是个非常小的区域。
09:19
That's a remarkably small area overall.
187
547265
2332
09:22
If you were to lay these boxes
next to each other
next to each other
188
550195
2309
如果把这些区域一个挨一个地，
摆在美国地图上，
09:24
within a map of the United States,
189
552528
1636
仅仅覆盖了美国东部。
09:26
they would only cover
the Eastern United States.
the Eastern United States.
190
554188
2265
09:29
You can order pizza
anywhere in this territory
anywhere in this territory
191
557284
3242
你可以在这片国土上的任何地方叫披萨外卖，
09:32
and it'll arrive to your house
hot, fresh and delicious.
hot, fresh and delicious.
192
560832
3151
等披萨送到的时候，还是热的、新鲜的、美味的。
09:36
If America can deliver pizza
to an area of this size,
to an area of this size,
193
564581
3267
如果美国可以在这样大的区域里送披萨，
09:39
then Africa's companies,
governments and non-profits
governments and non-profits
194
567872
3023
那么非洲的公司、政府和非盈利组织，
09:42
can deliver farm services
to all of her farmers.
to all of her farmers.
195
570919
3023
也可以向所有的农民运送农业服务。
09:45
This is possible.
196
573966
1283
这是可行的。
我想以超越耕种的总结来收尾。
09:48
I'm going to wrap up by generalizing
beyond just farming.
beyond just farming.
197
576995
2753
09:52
In every field of human development,
198
580292
2107
在人类发展的每个领域，
09:54
humanity has already invented
effective tools to end poverty.
effective tools to end poverty.
199
582423
3829
人类都发明了各种有效工具来终结贫穷。
09:58
We just need to deliver them.
200
586276
1411
我们只需传递它们。
10:00
So again, in every area
of human development,
of human development,
201
588322
2241
再说一次，在人类发展的每一个领域，
10:02
super-smart people a long time ago
invented inexpensive,
invented inexpensive,
202
590587
3402
那些极其聪明的人在很久之前就发明了廉价的、
10:06
highly effective tools.
203
594013
1832
高效的工具。
10:07
Humanity is armed to the teeth
204
595869
1932
为了抵抗贫穷，人类已经用简单、有效的武器，
10:09
with simple, effective
solutions to poverty.
solutions to poverty.
205
597825
3338
武装到了牙齿。
10:13
We just need to deliver these
to a pretty small area.
to a pretty small area.
206
601596
2772
我们只需将这些运送到非常小的区域。
10:17
Again using the map
of Sub-Saharan Africa as an example,
of Sub-Saharan Africa as an example,
207
605266
3102
再以这张非洲撒哈拉以南的地图为例，
10:20
remember that rural poverty is
concentrated in these blue shaded areas.
concentrated in these blue shaded areas.
208
608392
3474
请记住，那些乡村贫穷都集中在蓝色阴影区域。
10:24
Urban poverty is even more concentrated,
in these green little dots.
in these green little dots.
209
612440
3884
城市贫穷更加集中，在这些绿色的小点上。
10:29
Again, using a map
of the United States for scale,
of the United States for scale,
210
617282
2516
再来看等比例的美国地图，
10:32
this is what I would call
a highly achievable delivery zone.
a highly achievable delivery zone.
211
620317
3559
我认为这个大小的区域，是极易覆盖运送网的。
10:36
In fact, for the first time
in human history,
in human history,
212
624346
2162
实际上，这是人类有史以来第一次，
10:38
we have a vast amount of delivery
infrastructure available to us.
infrastructure available to us.
213
626532
3499
我们有能力运送设备到如此广大的地区。
10:42
The world's companies,
governments and non-profits
governments and non-profits
214
630055
2724
世界范围的公司、政府和非营利组织，
10:44
have delivery armies
that are fully capable
that are fully capable
215
632803
2223
都有足够的运送 ‘武器’，
10:47
of covering this relatively small area.
216
635050
2383
来覆盖这片相对小的地区。
10:49
We just lack the will.
217
637927
2125
我们只是缺少意愿。
10:52
If we are willing,
218
640913
1411
如果我们愿意，
10:54
every one of us has a role to play.
219
642348
1808
我们中的每个人都可以参与进来。
10:57
We first need more people to pursue
careers in human development,
careers in human development,
220
645920
3371
首先我们需要更多的人去追随人类发展的事业，
11:01
especially if you live
in a developing nation.
in a developing nation.
221
649315
2148
尤其是生活在发展中地区的人。
11:03
We need more front line health workers,
teachers, farmer trainers,
teachers, farmer trainers,
222
651487
3486
我们需要更多的冲在前线的工人、教师、农民培训员，
提升生活产品的销售人员。
11:06
sales agents for life-improving goods.
223
654997
2112
11:09
These are the delivery people
that dedicate their careers
that dedicate their careers
224
657439
2670
这些传送者愿意将自己的事业奉献于
11:12
to improving the lives of others.
225
660133
1666
提升他人生活。
11:14
But we also need a lot of support roles.
226
662532
1953
但我们也需要大量的支持者。
11:17
These are roles available
at just my organization alone,
at just my organization alone,
227
665731
2851
这些仅仅是在我的组织中的不同分工的支持者，
然而我们只是众多组织之一。
11:20
and we're just one out of many.
228
668606
1490
11:22
This may surprise you, but no matter
what your technical specialty,
what your technical specialty,
229
670399
3774
你也许不相信，但无论你拥有何种技术，
11:26
there is a role for you in this fight.
230
674197
2210
你都可以参与到这场战斗中。
11:29
And no matter how logistically possible
it is to end poverty,
it is to end poverty,
231
677158
3347
无论在逻辑上有多少摆脱贫困的可能性，
11:32
we need a lot more resources.
232
680529
1895
我们依然需要更多的资源。
11:34
This is our number one constraint.
233
682448
1844
这是对我们最大的约束
11:36
For private investors, we need
a big expansion of venture capital,
a big expansion of venture capital,
234
684811
3376
对于私人投资者来说，我们需要大量的启动资金、
11:40
private equity, working capital,
available in emerging markets.
available in emerging markets.
235
688211
3724
私募股权、运营资金，出现在新兴市场中。
11:44
But there are also limits
to what private business can accomplish.
to what private business can accomplish.
236
692477
3109
但私有企业能做到的还是有限的。
11:47
Private businesses often struggle
to profitably serve the extreme poor,
to profitably serve the extreme poor,
237
695928
3651
私有企业挣扎在为赤贫服务和盈利之间，
11:51
so philanthropy still has
a major role to play.
a major role to play.
238
699897
2332
因此更多的还是要依靠慈善人士。
所有人都可以出力，但我们需要更多的领导力。
11:54
Anybody can give,
but we need more leadership.
but we need more leadership.
239
702998
2553
11:58
We need more visionary philanthropists
240
706112
1947
我们需要更多有远见的慈善家，
12:00
and global leaders who will take
problems in human development
problems in human development
241
708083
3912
以及能发现人类发展问题的全球领袖，
12:04
and lead humanity to wipe them
off the face of the planet.
off the face of the planet.
242
712019
3030
带领人类将它们从地球上消除。
12:08
If you're interested in these ideas,
check out this website.
check out this website.
243
716276
2822
如果你对这些想法感兴趣的话，请登陆这个网站。
12:11
We need more leaders.
244
719122
1708
我们需要更多的领袖。
12:14
Humanity has put people on the moon.
245
722174
2022
人类已经可以登月，
12:16
We've invented supercomputers
that fit into our pockets
that fit into our pockets
246
724220
2577
我们还发明了口袋大小的超级电脑，
12:18
and connect us with anybody on the planet.
247
726821
2056
使我们可以与地球上任何人链接。
12:20
We've run marathons
at a five-minute mile pace.
at a five-minute mile pace.
248
728901
3282
我们可以用每公里5分钟的速度跑完马拉松，
12:24
We are an exceptional people.
249
732207
2443
我们是出类拔萃的人类。
12:27
But we've left more than one billion
of our members behind.
of our members behind.
250
735822
3126
但我们却把十几亿同类忘在脑后。
12:31
Until every girl like this one
has an opportunity
has an opportunity
251
739485
2298
直到所有的女孩儿，都像她一样，
12:33
to earn her full human potential,
252
741807
1898
有机会全面发展她的人类潜能，
12:36
we have failed to become
a truly moral and just human race.
a truly moral and just human race.
253
744047
3871
我们才配称做真正有道德的、公正的人类。
12:40
Logistically speaking,
it's incredibly possible
it's incredibly possible
254
748516
2756
逻辑上来说，终结极端贫穷的可能性，
12:43
to end extreme poverty.
255
751296
1600
大到难以置信。
12:45
We just need to deliver
proven goods and services
proven goods and services
256
753220
2882
我们只需要向穷人运送物资和服务，
12:48
to everybody.
257
756126
1197
向每一个人。
12:49
If we have the will, every one of us
has a role to play.
has a role to play.
258
757665
3724
如果我们愿意，每个人都可以参与进来。
12:54
Let's deploy our time, our careers,
259
762024
2889
让我们重整我们的时间、我们的事业、
我们的集体财富。
12:56
our collective wealth.
260
764937
1251
12:58
Let us deliver an end to extreme poverty
261
766781
2736
让我们在有生之年，
终结极端贫穷。
13:01
in this lifetime.
262
769541
1667
13:03
Thank you.
263
771971
1151
谢谢。
13:05
(Applause)
264
773146
7000
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Youn - Social entrepreneurWith One Acre Fund, Andrew Youn fights poverty in rural Sub-Saharan Africa.
Why you should listen
Andrew Youn has lived in rural Africa for the last 11 years, learning from the largest group of poor people in the world: smallholder farmers. When he first visited Kenya in 2006, he was an MBA student who knew very little about farming. During that first trip, he met two farm families. One family was harvesting two tons of food on a single acre of land and thriving; the other was going hungry. He began asking questions.
Eleven years later, the organization he founded, One Acre Fund, serves more than 600,000 farm families, providing them with the financing and agricultural training they need to increase their yields and climb out of poverty. Youn is also the co-founder of D-Prize, an organization that funds early-stage startups that are innovating better ways to distribute proven life-enhancing technologies. He is a former management consultant at Oliver Wyman, and he received his MBA from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.
Andrew Youn | Speaker | TED.com